NERA Journal, established in 1998, is a publication of the Center for Studies, Research, and Projects on Agrarian Reform (NERA), affiliated with the Department of Geography and the Graduate Program in Geography at the Faculty of Science and Technology (FCT) of São Paulo State University (UNESP), located in the Presidente Prudente campus. It is a free, online, continuous publication journal, with an editorial line focused on topics related to the agrarian question, land struggles, agrarian reform, socio-territorial movements, peasantry, agribusiness, agriculture, public policies, rural education, rural-urban relations, gender, labor, and agroecology. The journal publishes original articles in Portuguese, Spanish, French, and English.

Since 2015, NERA Journal has been undergoing a process of internationalization. As part of this effort, international researchers have been incorporated into the editorial and scientific boards. The current editorial board is composed of researchers affiliated with institutions in Latin America, North America, and Europe. The scientific board consists of 100 researchers from higher education institutions in countries such as Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Ecuador, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Guinea-Bissau, the United States, Canada, Spain, the Netherlands, England, and Wales.

The article evaluation forms, editorial policies, and author guidelines are continuously updated to enhance the quality of NERA Journal and align it with contemporary debates on the production of scientific knowledge. With the same objective, the journal’s editorial team participates in editors’ forums promoted by the Office of the Vice President for Research (PROPe) of São Paulo State University (UNESP) and by geographical associations. Furthermore, since 2020, the journal has been a member of the Brazilian Association of Scientific Editors (ABEC).

Regarding its evaluation in QUALIS CAPES, NERA Journal was classified as A2 in the 2013–2016 quadrennium (evaluated in 2017) and reached the A1 tier in the 2017–2020 quadrennium (evaluated in 2022), maintaining this classification within the 2021-2024 evaluation quadrennium (evaluated in 2026).

NERA Journal follows the Open Access model, allowing unrestricted virtual access (including no financial barriers) to all scientific texts published by the journal. Open Access is a condition whereby the copyright holder of an academic work grants usage rights to third parties through an open license (Creative Commons Attribution, CC-BY), permitting immediate free access to the work and authorizing any user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose.

NERA Journal is an Open Access journal that establishes that the author retains the copyright and is permitted to deposit copies of the article in other repositories. This also corresponds to the condition in which the copyright holder of an academic work grants usage rights to others under an open license, allowing immediate free access to the work and enabling any user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, crawl them for indexing, transmit them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose. NERA Journal employs the Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 Attribution 4.0 International license. NERA Journal provides all its published content free of charge for browsing, downloading, and distribution. The journal adheres to the SciELO Brazil Open Science Compliance Form.

NERA Journal accepts manuscripts previously deposited in non-commercial preprint servers, provided they have not been simultaneously submitted for peer review to another journal. The corresponding author must indicate, at the time of submission, whether the manuscript is deposited in a preprint server and must obligatorily provide the corresponding DOI.

There are no submission and/or publication fees for any manuscripts submitted to NERA Journal, nor are there any costs for accessing and/or downloading published manuscripts.

NERA Journal conducts its work in accordance with the ethical principles established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the Code of Ethics American Educational Research Association, the Code of Good Scientific Practices of the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Council of Science Editors (CSE) and the Ordinance No. 2,664, of March 6, 2026 National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), which establishes the Policy on Integrity in Scientific Activity of CNPq. 

To promote research integrity, strengthen practices, and ensure transparency throughout the process, all materials submitted to and published in NERA Journal  must comply with the Guide to Good Practices for Strengthening Ethics in Scientific Publishing, the Open Science Compliance Form, the Guidelines for Research Ethics and Scientific Integrity of the Forum of the Humanities, Social Sciences, Applied Social Sciences, Linguistics, Languages, and Arts (FCHSSALLA), and the Manifesto for Ethical Scientific Publishing in Geography developed within the scope of the Brazilian Geographers Association (AGB).

NERA Journal adopts the definition of misconduct as outlined by the Office Research Integrity (ORI), which consists of: i) Plagiarism: the appropriation of another person’s ideas, processes, results, or words without proper credit. Self-plagiarism must also be avoided; ii) Falsification: manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record; iii) Fabrication: inventing data or results, whether in recording or reporting.

These forms of misconduct constitute ethical violations, producing work based on the presentation of false data, manipulation of data, procedures, and results, as well as the improper appropriation of others’ ideas without due recognition.

All files submitted to NERA Journal are checked using "iThenticate". Manuscripts with detected similarity without proper citation are automatically archived, and the authors are notified. NERA Journal recognizes that good research and ethical practices also involve the peer review process, and therefore it maintains guidelines for scientific evaluation. Key elements include: conflict of interest disclosure, confidentiality of the manuscript, and the political importance of the review.

Manuscripts submitted to NERA Journal must not be submitted simultaneously to any other journal while under review. Submission of a declaration of originality, as per the template available in the author guidelines of NERA Journal, is mandatory as a supplementary document.

If improper research practices or misconduct by the authors are detected, the submission will be automatically archived. In cases of allegations regarding research misconduct or unethical practices in manuscripts already published, these will be thoroughly investigated internally and may result in retraction if necessary.

NERA Journal focuses on the publication of original articles resulting from research related to the themes of the agrarian question, encompassing topics such as land struggles, agrarian reform, socio-territorial movements, peasantry, agribusiness, agriculture, public policies, rural education, rural-urban relations, gender, labor, and agroecology. Its primary objective is to contribute to the construction of knowledge through scientific communication, as well as to promote debate within the field of Critical Agrarian Geography. NERA Journal publishes both original research articles and critical book reviews that engage with the agrarian question theme. Authors must declare that the submitted manuscript is original and not under review or submission with any other journal.

• The NERA Journal follows the standards defined in the Digital Preservation Policy program of the SciELO Program.

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Journal Title: Revista NERA

Abbreviated Title: Rev. NERA

Published by: São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Frequency: Quarterly

Publication Mode: Continuous Publication

Year of Journal Establishment: 1998

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Authors are encouraged to deposit their submitted articles for review in reputable preprint servers, provided that they have not been simultaneously submitted for peer review to another journal. A preprint is the manuscript ready for journal submission and deposited in trusted preprint servers either prior to or concurrently with submission to a journal. This practice, along with continuous publication, serves as a mechanism to accelerate the communication of research findings. In such cases, authors should contact the editors of NERA Journal before submitting the manuscript for further information about the process and to sign the Open Science Compliance Form, available here. It is emphasized that the manuscript will only be published after evaluation by the scientific board of NERA Journal.

Manuscripts submitted to NERA Journal undergo an initial preliminary review (desk review) before being forwarded for scientific evaluation. During this stage, manuscripts are automatically archived if: i) they do not fall within the scope of NERA Journal; ii) they do not comply with the author guidelines regarding formatting; iii) they do not adhere to the journal’s editorial policies (including the absence of a declaration of individual contribution, originality, or the presence of plagiarism); iv) they do not present clear objectives and methodological procedures; v) they are not the result of research.

Since November 2022, NERA Journal has adopted an informed peer review model. In this format, manuscripts are published with the identification of the associate editor responsible for the editorial process. All submitted manuscripts are reviewed by two members of the scientific board. In cases of conflicting editorial decisions, the manuscript is sent for a third review.

In 2025, NERA Journal expanded this model by offering both authors and reviewers the option to disclose their identities. For authors, this choice is presented at the time of submission; for reviewers, at the time of submitting their scientific review. It is important to note that: i) identity disclosure is optional; ii) disclosure is non-reciprocal, meaning that if only one party chooses to reveal their identity, their individual decision will be respected. Additionally, the importance of disclosing any potential conflicts of interest directly to the editors is strongly emphasized.

The NERA Journal encourages authors to submit, whenever possible, databases and other materials for dissemination, serving as resources for further research. All tables, images, maps, and other graphic elements should be submitted as supplementary documents. NERA Journal follows the guidelines established within the framework of the Guide for promoting openness, transparency, and reproducibility of research published by SciELO journals. Additionally, we recommend the list of repositories for depositing research data recommended by SciELO Brazil.

In accordance with the principles of Open Science and the “Criteria, policy and procedures for the admission and permanence of journals in the SciELO Brazil Collection”, as of August 12, 2025, all submissions to Revista NERAmust be accompanied by a research data availability statement. Submissions already under review before this date, if accepted for publication, must also provide a research data availability statement, following the instructions of the Editorial Board after being contacted.

What is research data?

Research data refers to data, texts, codes, methods, and other materials used or generated in the course of a scientific investigation, which serve as the basis for the results presented in manuscripts published in the journal. These contents are broadly referred to as “research data”.

More specifically, research data includes databases and/or information produced during the research that are explicitly cited, used, and analyzed in the manuscript. Examples include textual documents, spreadsheets, statistics, field notebooks, images, audio files, questionnaires, transcripts, codes, shapefiles, and methodological procedures.

Attention: Previously published articles, undergraduate theses, monographs, dissertations, and doctoral theses are not considered research data, since they are already available in academic repositories. The same applies to public databases that have not undergone systematization, comparative analysis, or additional statistical processing. For example, in the field of Geography, it is not acceptable to submit the raw dataset of the IBGE Demographic Census, except when such data have been processed in an original way—resulting in a new database—or subjected to statistical treatment.

How to prepare research data for submission?

Research data must be prepared in accordance with the guidelines provided in the SciELO Research Data Preparation Guide. In addition, authors must follow the instructions in the SciELO Research Data Deposit Guide. Viewing the tutorial video “How to deposit data”, prepared by the SciELO team, is strongly recommended.

After submission, the research data will undergo curation by the editorial team of Revista NERA and may be returned to the authors for corrections and/or additions.

Authors must also agree to the “Terms and Conditions of Use of the SciELO Data Repository” before submitting any research data.

If authors have already deposited their research data in another repository, it is not necessary to resubmit them to SciELO Data. In such cases, authors must only provide the link or DOI of the dataset in the research data availability statement. SciELO also provides a “List of recommended repositories for research data deposition.”

When to submit research data?

Research data must be deposited at the time of manuscript submission to Revista NERA, through the SciELO Data platform (search for the Revista NERA collection on the platform). After depositing the data according to the SciELO Research Data Preparation and Deposit Guides, authors must provide the access link to the dataset in the Revista NERA submission system within the research data availability statement.

During the review process, the research data will be assessed along with the manuscript. If the manuscript is approved, the data will be published; if rejected, the data will be deleted from the SciELO Data repository.

On citing research data:

Authors are advised to read the “Research Data Citation Guide” prepared by the SciELO team.

Important notes:

1. Sharing research data is the responsibility of the researchers involved and must be declared at the time of submission.

2. As an Open Science practice, journals may require, except in duly justified cases, that research data be made openly available in the indicated repository.

3. Authors are encouraged to read all SciELO Data documentation, available on the SciELO website.

4. If the submitted manuscript is not accepted for publication, the associated research data will not be made public and will be deleted from SciELO Data.

5. All research data will undergo level 1 curation (basic curation) by the Revista NERA editorial team, following the “Research Data Curation Guide for Editorial Teams” developed by SciELO.

Submission of research data itself is not mandatory; it is an incentive to Open Science and scientific reproducibility. However, for all submissions to Revista NERA, the research data availability statement is mandatory, in accordance with the model provided here.

The NERA Journal does not charge any fees for submission processing (submission fees, editorial processing fees, Article Processing Charges (APCs), or page fees), nor for the processes of review, publication, distribution, or download.

Three minimum requirements define authorship in all recognized guidelines: making a substantial contribution to the work, participating in the conception of the manuscript, and assuming responsibility for the content and the published form of the manuscript. The acknowledgments section may be used to recognize contributions that do not meet the formal criteria for authorship. Individuals who have contributed exclusively to the following tasks are not considered co-authors: securing funding; data collection or database organization; general supervision of a research group; academic advising or co-advising; development of software or technical tools without direct involvement in the conception, analysis, interpretation of data, and substantial writing of the manuscript. As described by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), the responsibility for ensuring that all listed authors meet the criteria is collective among the group of authors, not of the journal.

The maximum number of authors allowed per article is three. In exceptional cases, the Editorial Board may evaluate requests to extend this limit, particularly considering the nature of the research. The inclusion of new authors after manuscript submission is not permitted. Each author may publish only one article per year. For all submissions with more than one author, it is mandatory to attach, as a supplementary document, an individual contribution statement. Manuscripts submitted without this document will be automatically archived. All authors must actively participate in the discussion of the results, the review, and the approval of the final version of the manuscript. Additionally, individual contributions of each author must be indicated based on the CRediT Taxonomy (Contributor Roles Taxonomy), which comprises fourteen roles describing contributions throughout the process of manuscript preparation. Practices such as honorary, ghost, gift, forged authorship, or hyperauthorship are strictly rejected by Revista NERA, as they violate the ethical principles of scientific integrity. Identification of any such conduct during the review process will result in the immediate archiving of the manuscript.

Regarding authorship order, authors must, at a minimum, ensure that they have effectively participated in the development of the work and have not violated the legal rights of others in the process. Authorship must be the result of a joint decision, with the consent and acknowledgment of all parties involved, considering the ethical, legal, and intellectual responsibilities associated with scientific authorship. The designation of a corresponding author is mandatory. The corresponding author is responsible for maintaining communication with the editorial team, promptly responding to journal requests, and serving as the contact point for any future questions regarding the integrity of the work. The corresponding author does not necessarily have to be the first author. It is recommended that authorship order reflect the descending order of effective contribution to the manuscript. Criteria such as alphabetical order should be avoided. However, authors themselves must define authorship order based on collectively established criteria. In large co-authorship groups, it is recommended that authorship criteria be defined before the start of the work and confirmed prior to submission. It is crucial to distinguish between scientific collaboration and manuscript co-authorship: co-authorship should only be attributed to those who actively and significantly contributed to the writing of the manuscript. Collaborations that do not meet these criteria may and should be recognized in the acknowledgments section. Regardless of authorship order, all authors are equally responsible for the full content of the manuscript.

To avoid conflicts, it is recommended that authorship and authorship order be agreed upon consensually among all parties from the early stages of manuscript development (as indicated in the item on authorship order). Should disputes arise after submission, the journal advises that parties resolve conflicts transparently and collaboratively, preferably through direct dialogue among authors. The inclusion of new authors after submission is not permitted. Revista NERA does not act as a mediator in authorship disputes; resolution is the responsibility of the authors and the institutions involved in the research. However, the journal may request documentation or clarifications to ensure the integrity of the editorial process. Unresolved disputes that compromise proper authorship may result in the archiving or rejection of the submission.

Expected content: Manuscripts submitted to NERA Journal must be original. Originality extends beyond a mere review of previously published literature on a given topic; manuscripts are expected to make a substantive and original contribution to their respective field of research.

• Theoretical manuscripts: These should go beyond summarizing the existing literature by presenting novel approaches, original insights, and an in-depth critical discussion of the chosen research topic. Literature reviews that do not offer new theoretical or conceptual contributions to the field will not be considered for publication.
• Research articles: These may be based on data collected through direct or indirect observation, including fieldwork, laboratory research, primary sources, or documentary evidence.

NERA Journal expects all submitted manuscripts to make a meaningful scientific contribution to their field. Accordingly, in the Declaração de ineditismo do manuscrito, conflito de interesses e uso de ferramentas de Inteligência Artificial (IA), authors must justify the manuscript's relevance to the Journal's scope and explicitly describe its contribution to the advancement of Critical Agrarian Geography.

All manuscripts must include, at a minimum, the following sections: research rationale, objectives, methodology, results, and final considerations, providing an original theoretical and/or empirical interpretation of the data presented.

Submitted manuscripts must be original and may not be under consideration by another journal while undergoing peer review at NERA Journal. Simultaneous submission of the same manuscript to more than one journal constitutes duplicate submission and is considered a breach of publication ethics.

Submission of the Declaração de ineditismo do manuscrito, conflito de interesses e uso de ferramentas de Inteligência Artificial (IA) is mandatory. The document must be signed by all authors and uploaded as a supplementary PDF file at the time of submission.

Where a manuscript reports the results of a research project, authors must identify this in the Declaração de ineditismo do manuscrito, conflito de interesses e uso de ferramentas de Inteligência Artificial (IA) by providing the project title, funding agency (where applicable), academic supervisor (where applicable), and the institution at which the research was conducted.

When a manuscript is derived from an undergraduate thesis, master's dissertation, doctoral thesis, or scientific research report, authors must include a footnote acknowledging the original work. This footnote shall be inserted only after the manuscript has been accepted for publication, upon completion of the peer-review process.

Manuscripts derived from master's dissertations and doctoral theses are welcome, provided that they constitute genuinely original scholarly works. The submission of dissertation or thesis chapters in their original form, merely reformatted as journal articles, will not be accepted. Furthermore, any material reused from the authors' own dissertations or theses must be properly cited and referenced in accordance with the applicable ABNT standards.

For such cases, NERA Journal does not adopt a predetermined similarity threshold as an automatic acceptance criterion. Instead, each similarity report generated by the plagiarism detection software is assessed individually by the Editorial Board, taking into account the nature, extent, and context of the identified similarities.

Finally, NERA Journal does not accept manuscripts that have previously been published in conference proceedings, research reports, or book chapters.

NERA Journal conducts its work in accordance with the ethical principles established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the Code of Ethics American Educational Research Association, the Code of Good Scientific Practices of the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), and the Council of Science Editors (CSE) regarding publication ethics.

To promote research integrity, strengthen ethical standards, and ensure transparency in the process, all materials submitted to and published by NERA Journal must comply with the Guide to Good Practices for Strengthening Ethics in Scientific Publishing and the Open Science Compliance Form. 

NERA Journal adopts the definition of research misconduct as outlined by the Office Research Integrity (ORI), which includes: i) Plagiarism – the appropriation of another person’s ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit. Self-plagiarism should also be avoided; ii) Falsification – manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record; iii) Fabrication – making up data or results and recording or reporting them as if they were real. Such misconduct results in ethical violations, leading to publications based on false data, manipulated procedures or outcomes, or the unauthorized appropriation of third-party ideas without due credit.

All manuscripts submitted to NERA Journal are screened using the "iThenticate" software. Manuscripts that present significant similarity without proper citation are automatically archived, and the authors are notified. NERA Journal does not establish a fixed similarity threshold as an acceptable parameter, as each submission is evaluated individually, considering the nature and context of the identified similarity.

NERA Journal also understands that ethical research practices extend to the evaluation process. Therefore, the journal has scientific review guidelines, with key elements including: conflict of interest disclosure, non-disclosure of the manuscript to third parties, and the political significance of the review.

Manuscripts submitted to NERA Journal must not be under review by any other journal during the evaluation process. Submitting the same manuscript to multiple journals simultaneously is considered duplicate publication. If any unethical research practices or misconduct are detected during the evaluation stage, the submission will be automatically archived.

In cases where allegations of research misconduct or unethical practices are made regarding already published manuscripts, the matter will be investigated internally. If confirmed, the manuscript must be retracted by the authors.

Retraction is a public mechanism used to document problems in a published manuscript (partial retraction) or to announce its cancellation (full retraction). The primary goal of the retraction policy is to preserve the integrity of scientific research and maintain readers’ trust in the quality of the journal. The decision to retract a manuscript is made with a commitment to upholding ethics and credibility in the academic field.

NERA Journal follows the guidelines established by the COPE Retraction Guidelines and the Guide for the Registration and Publication of Retractions by SciELO Brazil. Retractions will only be published after review and authorization by the editorial board. Retractions may be issued in the following cases: i) Manuscripts involving the unauthorized use of data and research previously published by others; ii) Manuscripts with improper authorship, including the exclusion of co-authors who contributed to the work; iii) Evidence that research data and information were altered, falsified, or manipulated to obtain desired results; iv) Manuscripts with duplicate publication, i.e., under review or already published by another journal; v) Manuscripts containing information published without proper authorization; vi) Corrections to information or data from already published manuscripts (this does not include updates or theoretical framework changes).

Retractions will not be issued in the following cases: i) Disputes over authorship where there is no reason to doubt the validity of the results; ii) The main findings remain reliable and a correction could adequately address the errors or concerns; iii) Inconclusive evidence to justify a retraction or ongoing investigations awaiting further information (e.g., institutional inquiry); iv) Authors' conflicts of interest were reported after publication but are deemed by the scientific board to have had no impact on the article’s interpretations, recommendations, or conclusions.

All retractions will be published on NERA Journal's official website in accordance with the Guide for the Registration and Publication of Retractions by SciELO Brazil. Retractions will be clearly linked to the retracted manuscripts, including identification of the article and authorship.

It is important to note that the original article will not be removed from the NERA Journal platform or from the indexing services in which it is included. Instead: i) The original PDF file will be permanently watermarked on every page with the words "RETRACTED"; ii) The HTML version of the article will display a prominent notice at the top of the page directing readers to the Retraction Notice.

Conflicts of interest can be of a personal, commercial, political, academic, or financial nature. Conflicts of interest may arise among authors, reviewers, or editors. Authors must disclose any and all conflicts of interest that have arisen during the development of the submission. Additionally, upon manuscript submission, authors are responsible for acknowledging and disclosing financial or other conflicts that may have influenced the work. If there is, even potentially, a conflict of interest, the author(s) must disclose it in a separate document signed and attached to the submission platform. For more information, see: Disclosure of Financial and Non-Financial Relationships and Activities, and Conflicts of Interest. The scientific board is instructed to disclose any and all conflicts of interest before accepting the task of scientific evaluation.

All manuscripts submitted to NERA Journal are screened using the iThenticate software during the initial evaluation stage (desk review). Manuscripts presenting similarity indices without proper citation are automatically archived, and the authors are duly notified. NERA Journal does not define a fixed similarity threshold as acceptable, as the editorial board considers that each manuscript must be evaluated individually, taking into account the nature of the detected similarity.

NERA Journal follows the guidelines established in the Guide for the Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools and Resources in Research Communication in the SciELO Network. The use of tools that assist in the preparation, writing, editing, and translation of articles, including artificial intelligence (AI) resources, is permitted. However, only humans may act as authors, translators, reviewers, or editors.

In the processes of scientific certification, editorial management, and post-publication activities, NERA Journal does not use AI tools.

Recommendations for authors:

• Authors must clearly disclose the sources of materials used in the research and writing of the article. Any and all content generated by an AI application must be mentioned in the abstract and in the methods section (or equivalent).
• Ensure that all cited material is properly attributed, including full citations, and that the cited sources support any statements made by the AI application, as AI tools may produce references to non-existent works.
• Assume full public responsibility for the content of the article.
• Concealing the use of AI-generated content constitutes an ethical breach that violates principles of transparency and honesty in research. If AI use is identified during peer review and was not properly declared, the manuscript will be automatically archived.

Recommendations for the scientific board:

• Scientific board members must review manuscripts fairly and objectively, with emphasis on quality and originality. Their expertise is fundamental, and may be supported by various tools, including AI-based statistical software and academic search engines.
• If the manuscript under review is not a preprint, reviewers must not submit it to services that may compromise the confidentiality of authorship or content.
• If a reviewer uses AI tools to assist in preparing their review report, they must follow ethical guidelines and document this usage in the review. It is important to note that all manuscripts sent for peer review have already undergone similarity checks.
• Concealing the use of AI tools during peer review is considered an ethical violation and breaches the transparency of the review process.
• If any ethical irregularity is detected in the manuscript, reviewers must notify the editors.

Citing AI-generated content:

AI-generated content must be cited and referenced as a non-recoverable source, similar to personal communications (e.g., letters, emails, telephone conversations). As AI tools do not produce retrievable data, such content cannot be included in the list of references. Any content created and/or revised using AI tools must be disclosed in a footnote, indicating the software used, the type of use (generative content, revised content, and/or translated content), and the date the tool was used (day, month, and year).

The editorial team of NERA Journal, as well as the authors who publish in the journal, must always adhere to the principles outlined in the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) Guidelines. These guidelines provide a framework for reporting sex and gender information in the design, analysis, and interpretation of research findings. Furthermore, NERA Journal is committed to gender equity in the composition of its editorial board, ensuring balanced representation and inclusive participation in all editorial processes.

Given the scope of NERA Journal as a scholarly journal specializing in Agrarian Geography, approval by a Research Ethics Committee is not a mandatory requirement for all manuscript submissions. Nevertheless, the Journal emphasizes the importance of obtaining prior ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the authors' affiliated institution whenever required by the nature and design of the research. Where ethical approval has been granted, authors must submit the corresponding approval document as a supplementary file during submission, including the approval or protocol number.

This policy does not exempt authors from their responsibility to conduct research in accordance with the highest ethical, legal, and professional standards, respecting human rights, territorial rights, and environmental integrity. Authors are encouraged to follow the Guidelines for Research Ethics and Scientific Integrity issued by the Forum of Human Sciences, Social Sciences, Applied Social Sciences, Linguistics, Languages and Arts (FCHSSALLA), as well as any other ethical standards applicable to their field of research.

NERA Journal's ethical policy is based on the following principles:

i) Power relations and vulnerable populations: Research involving rural communities, Indigenous Peoples, Quilombola communities, agrarian reform settlements, traditional peoples and communities in their diversity, children and adolescents, populations affected by large-scale development projects, or other socially vulnerable groups must demonstrate that appropriate safeguards were adopted to prevent coercion, exploitation, or the exposure of participants to political, legal, social, or territorial risks.

ii) Community research protocols: Some communities have established their own research and consultation protocols. In such cases, researchers must respect local collective decision-making processes and obtain authorization from community leaders or other legitimate representative bodies before initiating any fieldwork, spatial survey, or data collection activities.

iii) Data access and research feedback: Authors are encouraged to share research findings with participating communities in accessible formats and language appropriate to their social and cultural contexts. Research should not be limited to the extraction of information but should contribute meaningfully to the communities involved.

iv) Genetic resources and traditional knowledge: Research involving access to genetic resources or associated traditional knowledge must demonstrate compliance with applicable national biodiversity legislation and provide evidence that the Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) of the knowledge-holding communities has been obtained. Where research involves the collection of soil, water, plant, or other biological samples within protected areas, authors must provide evidence of authorization issued by the competent environmental authorities responsible for managing the area.

v) Ethics in fieldwork and the prevention of academic extractivism: Fieldwork is one of the principal methodological approaches in Geography and must be conducted in an ethical and socially responsible manner. NERA Journal encourages researchers to return research findings to participating communities using accessible language and appropriate communication formats, ensuring that the knowledge produced contributes to community empowerment and autonomy. Authors are further encouraged to adopt participatory and collaborative research practices that recognize research participants as co-producers of knowledge rather than merely sources of data.

vi) Protection of vulnerable populations in contexts of territorial conflict: Given the thematic scope of NERA Journal, the Journal frequently receives manuscripts addressing territories affected by land disputes and territorial conflicts. In such cases, researchers must adopt risk-minimization strategies to ensure that their presence, research methods, or data collection procedures do not expose participants to physical, legal, political, or social risks. In addition, rigorous anonymization of all potentially identifiable information is mandatory, both within the manuscript and in any research datasets made publicly available, in accordance with the Guia de preparação de dados de pesquisa da SciELO and the Guia de Boas Práticas para Anonimização de Dados de Pesquisa published by the Brazilian Institute of Information in Science and Technology (Ibict). Authors are also encouraged to consult Manual Boas Práticas em Privacidade e Proteção de Dados Pessoais da Fiocruz.

vii) Geotechnologies, surveillance, and privacy: Authors are encouraged to adopt the principle of cartographic privacy by avoiding the publication of geographic coordinates or spatial representations that enable the precise identification of communities, households, traditional use areas, or other sensitive locations. The Journal also emphasizes the ethical responsibility associated with cartographic production, recognizing that maps and geospatial datasets may be used by public authorities or private actors for surveillance, territorial control, expropriation, or other practices that may result in violations of individual or collective rights.

Articles published in NERA Journal must strictly adhere to the guidelines established by the Committee on Integrity in Scientific Activity of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). In case of any violation of these standards by any text, the article will be formally retracted, following the practice of the international scientific community. Submission of any text to NERA Journal implies full acceptance of this procedure. The ideas and concepts disseminated in the articles are the sole responsibility of the authors. The license used by NERA Journal is Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), which allows users to copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. The author retains copyright of the published article, and the journal retains the right of first publication.

The ideas and concepts expressed in the articles are the sole responsibility of the authors.

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• Lorena Izá Pereira, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5600369508751968, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2352-1760, E-mail: iza.pereira@unesp.br 
• Camila Ferracini Origuela, Instituto Federal do Sul de Minas Gerais (IFSULDEMINAS), Passos, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6404524490039615, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1509-3604, E-mail: camila.ferracini@unesp.br 
• Bernardo Mançano Fernandes, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/2836764800084585, ORCID:  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6521-8949, E-mail: mancano.fernandes@unesp.br  
• Eduardo Paulon Girardi, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/4272527637495748, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3039-5416, E-mail: eduardo.girardi@unesp.br

• Estevan Leopoldo de Freitas Coca, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL), Instituto de Ciências da Natureza (ICN), Alfenas, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0485680761513062, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9424-9699, E-mail: estevan.coca@unifal-mg.edu.br 
• Antonio Augusto Rossotto Ioris, Cardiff University, School of Geography and Planning, Cardiff, País de Gales, Reino Unido. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0156-2737, E-mail: iorisa@cardiff.ac.uk 
• Hannah Wittman, University of British Columbia (UBC), Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Vancouver, British Columbia/BC, Canadá. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8247-6517, E-mail: hannah.wittman@ubc.ca 
• Wendy Wolford, Cornell University, Department of Global Development, Ithaca, New York/NY, Estados Unidos. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5990-0404, E-mail: www43@cornell.edu  

• Acácio Zuniga Leite, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Brasília, Distrito Federal/DF, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6386400587215399, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-0447, E-mail: acacio_briozo@yahoo.com.br
• Aline Albuquerque Jorge, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.  Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/8101811578442666, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9730-8196, E-mail: aline.albuquerque@unesp.br
• Andrea Gómez Herrera, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2534-323X, E-mail: andreagh90@gmail.com
• Antonio Augusto Rossotto Ioris, Cardiff University, School of Geography and Planning, Cardiff, País de Gales, Reino Unido. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0156-2737, E-mail: iorisa@cardiff.ac.uk
• Adriano Rodrigues de Oliveira, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Instituto de Estudos Sócio-Ambientais (IESA), Goiânia, Goiás/GO, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1909084450648691, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6477-5364, E-mail: adriano.oliveira@ufg.br
• Ana Carolina Gonçalves Leite, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (CFCH), Recife, Pernambuco/PE, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3029444198078971, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3121-4880, E-mail: carolina.gleite@ufpe.br
• Ana Domínguez Sandoval, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Facultad de Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguai. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4667-1793, E-mail: dominguezana68@gmail.com
• Ana Rute do Vale, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL), Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Alfenas, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6402793411610673, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3921-165X, E-mail: ana.vale@unifal-mg.edu.br
• Bruno Barcella, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, São Bernardo do Campo,  São Paulo/SP, Brasil. Lattes: 3247116048044644, ORCID: 0000-0002-2979-8453, E-mail: bruno.barcella@unesp.br
• Camila Dutra dos Santos, Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Fortaleza, Ceará/CE, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1956299820428973, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9453-5983, E-mail: camila.dutra@uece.br
• Camila Salles de Faria,  Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT), Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso/MT, Brasil. Lattes: 6460752500225062, ORCID: 0000-0003-4948-351X, E-mail: camsalles@gmail.com
• Carlos Alberto Feliciano, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7821954899047629, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1682-7996, E-mail: carlos.feliciano@unesp.br 
• Carolina Russo Simon, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6493965105109172, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5875-580X, E-mail: carolina.simon@unesp.br
• Cassio Arruda Boechat, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais (CCHN), Vitória, Espírito Santo/ES, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1336301405652757, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4280-6347, E-mail: cassio.boechat@gmail.com
• Cristian Emanuel Jara, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-7751, E-mail: cristianjara_cl@hotmail.com
• Daniela Pessoa de Goes Calmon, International Institute of Social Studies (ISS), The Hague, Holanda do Sul, Holanda. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4424-8484, E-mail: danipgc@gmail.com 
• Danilo Borja, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canadá. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9281-6207, E-mail: pablo.borja@ucalgary.ca
• Danilo Souza Melo, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso do Sul (IFMS), Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul/MS, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5621196814592465, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2645-8509, E-mail: danilo.melo@ifms.edu.br
• Débora Assumpção e Lima, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Instituto de Geografia (IGEOG), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7926924261133452, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0571-1314, E-mail: deborassumpcaolima@gmail.com
• Diana Aguiar, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Instituto de Humanidades, Artes e Ciências Professor Milton Santos (IHAC), Salvador, Bahia/BA, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9646390577554136, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8277-4867, E-mail: diana.aguiar@ufba.br
• Djoni Roos, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Centro de Ciências Humanas, Educação e Letras (CCHEL), Mal. Cândido Rondon, Paraná/PR, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9212067231007532, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9113-5637, E-mail: djoni_roos@yahoo.com.br
• Emília de Rodat Fernandes Moreira, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza (CCEN), João Pessoa, Paraíba/PB, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1864540448909833, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9811-3043, E-mail: erodat@hotmail.com 
• Emiliano Ignacio Díaz Carnero, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte (COLEF), Unidad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5576-6482, E-mail:  emilianodc@colef.mx
• Emma Cardwell, Lancaster University, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, Lancashire, Inglaterra. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7081-6134, E-mail: e.j.cardwell@lancaster.ac.uk
• Erick Gabriel Jones Kluck, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais (CCHN), Vitória, Espírito Santo/ES, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6757723340193821, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3256-9985, E-mail: erick@alumni.usp.br
• Eraldo da Silva Ramos Filho, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Centro de Educação de Ciências Humanas, São Cristóvão, Sergipe/SE, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9831157382751299, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-0892, E-mail: eramosfilho@gmail.com
• Evandro César Clemente, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus Avançado Jataí, Jataí, Goiás/GO, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/8634079545873551, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1499-8388, E-mail: evandroclemente@yahoo.com.br
• Fábio Teixeira Pitta, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas (FFLCH), São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9010762700149747, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5460-9669, E-mail: pittafabio@gmail.com
• Facundo Martín, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Mendoza, Argentina. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0709-249X, E-mail:  fdmartingarcia@gmail.com
• Felipe Rodrigues Leitão, Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Fortaleza, Ceará/CE, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/2737853588938873, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-3351, E-mail: mr.feliper@gmail.com
• Fiorella Jara, Universidad de Costa Rica, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales,  San José, San José, Costa Rica. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9412-5469, E-mail: fiorella.jara@ucr.ac.cr
• Flamarion Dutra Alves, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL), Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Alfenas, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6225236168509461, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0318-7301, E-mail: flamarion.dutra@unifal-mg.edu.br
• Flavio Bladimir Rodríguez Muñoz, Universidad Externado de Colômbia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colômbia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9419-5157, E-mail: flavio.rodriguez@uexternado.edu.co
• Francilane Eulália de Souza, Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG), campus de Formosa, Formosa, Goiás/GO, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5436519919824233, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7610-8099, E-mail: francilanee@hotmail.com 
• Francisco Hidalgo Flor, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Quito, Pichincha, Equador. ORCID: 0000-0002-3715-8579, E-mail: francisco.hidalgo.flor@gmail.com 
• Gabriel Oyhantcabal Benelli, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Facultad de Agronomía, Montevidéu, Uruguai. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3715-8579, E-mail: gaboyha@fagro.edu.uy 
• Gabriel Silvestre, Newcastle University, School of Architecture, Planning & Landscape, Tyne and Wear, Inglaterra. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4421-3222, E-mail:  gabriel.silvestre@ncl.ac.uk  
• Gabriel Soyer, University of Georgia, Political Science & International Affairs, Athens, Georgia, Estados Unidos. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1700-242X,   E-mail soyer@uga.edu  
• Gilberto Vieira dos Santos, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul/MS, Brasil. Lattes: 2966413167393419, ORCID: 0000-0001-6694-4475, E-mail: wataramy@gmail.com
• Giseli Dalla Nora, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Sociais (ICHS), Cuiabá, Mato Grosso/MT, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3962327129528553, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8890-7832, E-mail: giseli.nora@gmail.com 
• Gustavo de Lima Torres Oliveira, Clark University, Worcester,  Massachusetts, Estados Unidos da América. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1800-227X, E-mail: oliveira@clarku.edu 
• Hannah Wittman, University of British Columbia (UBC), Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Vancouver, British Columbia/BC, Canadá. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8247-6517, E-mail: hannah.wittman@ubc.ca 
• Hervé Théry, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas (FFLCH), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7931074433827497, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-3470, E-mail: hthery@aol.com
• Humberto Tommasino, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Facultad de Veterinaria, Montevidéu, Uruguai. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4561-0887, E-mail: htommasino@gmail.com
• Isaías Tobasura Acuña, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Caldas, Colômbia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5300-1195, E-mail: isaias.tobasura@ucaldas.edu.co
• Janaina Francisca de Souza Campos Vinha, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Instituto de Educação, Letras, Artes, Ciências Humanas e Sociais (IELACHS), Uberaba, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil. Lattes: 6596625386629962, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8763-4465, E-mail: janadageo.unesp@yahoo.com.br
• Joana Tereza Vaz de Moura, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Centro de Ciências Humanas Letras e Artes, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte/RN, Brazil. Lattes: 1003674384958659, ORCID: 0000-0001-9561-1063, E-mail: joanatereza@gmail.com
• João Cleps Júnior, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Instituto de Geografia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1525603220583356, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4734-4359, E-mail: jcleps@ufu.br
• João Edmilson Fabrini, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Faculdade de Ciências Humanas (FCH), Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul/MS, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/4467547391168593, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9562-0226, E-mail: joaofabrini@gmail.com
• José Antonio Segrelles Serrano, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Espanha. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7714-7877, E-mail: ja.segrelles@ua.es
• José Carlos Dantas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Sergipe (IFS), campus de Poço Redondo, Poço Redondo, Sergipe/SE, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9388502014174169, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1596-1651, E-mail: j_c_dantas@hotmail.com
• José Sobreiro Filho, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Brasília, Distrito Federal/DF, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1396729832633576, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4323-1314, E-mail: sobreirounesp@gmail.com
• Julia Colla, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Instituto de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales del Litoral, Santa Fé, Argentina. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8558-8821, E-mail: julialcolla@gmail.com
• Juscelino Eudâmidas Bezerra, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Brasília, Distrito Federal/DF, Brazil. Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/5709330601484442, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2187-2890, E-mail: juscelinob@yahoo.com.br
• Karina Kato, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Sociais (ICHS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1487027132879542, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2963-8361, E-mail: anirakato@yahoo.com
• Ladislau Pereira Sanders Filho, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas (FFLCH), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6213441594108644, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0484-455X, E-mail: ladislausanders@usp.br
• Leandro Vieira Cavalcante, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Centro de Ensino Superior do Seridó (CERES), Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte/RN, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/4840870286350506, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3970-6655, E-mail: leandro.cavalcante@hotmail.com
• Lucas Araújo Martins, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0739899523211988, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0722-3111,E-mail: lucas.a.martins@unesp.br
• Luciano Concheiro Bórquez, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM Xochimilco), Cidade do México, Distrito Federal, México. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8589-4052, E-mail: concheir@gmail.com
• Luis Daniel Hocsman, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios  sobre Cultura y Sociedad, Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7109-5145, E-mail: ldhocsman@hotmail.com
• Luis Felipe Rincón Manrique, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Caldas, Colômbia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8434-6927, E-mail: feliperinconm@gmail.com
• Luiz Jardim de Moraes Wanderley, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Instituto de Geociências, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/2168402609434168, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6321-0254, E-mail: luizjardim@id.uff.br
• Marcela Alvarado, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Quito, Pichincha, Equador. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5454-6055, E-mail: marcegeo@hotmail.com
• Marcelo Gomes Justo, Instituto Paul Singer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1912934050110811, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1448-2149, E-mail: marcelojusto2015@gmail.com 
• Márcio Freitas Eduardo, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Erechim, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7611822617496149, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2641-1636, E-mail: marcioeduardo@uffs.edu.br
• Marco Antonio Mitidiero Junior, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza (CCEN), João Pessoa, Paraíba/PB, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/4558390772800466, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6973-422X, E-mail: mitidierousp@yahoo.com.br 
• Maria Clara Salim Cerqueira, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais (CCHN), Vitória, Espírito Santo/ES, Brazil. Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/6584339876404483, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0666-2059, E-mail: mclaracerqueira@gmail.com 
• María Franco García, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza (CCEN), João Pessoa, Paraíba/PB, Brazil. Lattes: 2264767695190965, ORCID: 0000-0002-1211-8423, E-mail: mmartillo@gmail.com 
• Marine Dubos-Raoul, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campus de Três Lagoas (CPTL), Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul/MS, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/2264767695190965, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0949-9293, E-mail: marine.raoul@gmail.com
• Marta Beatriz Chiappe Hernández, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Facultad de Agronomía, Paysandú, Paysandú, Uruguai. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-5282, E-mail: maragropolis@gmail.com 
• Mateus de Almeida Prado Sampaio, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0141460467304411, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5415-4254, E-mail: sampamateus@gmail.com 
• Matías Carámbula Pareja, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Facultad de Agronomía, Paysandú, Paysandú, Uruguai. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8378-0094, E-mail: mcarambula@fagro.edu.uy 
• Michele Lindner, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de Geociências, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5458436578385153, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1823-0811, E-mail: michelindner@gmail.com 
• Miguel de Barros, Centro de Estudos Sociais Amílcar Cabral (CES-AC), Bissau, Guiné-Bissau. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7435-2311, E-mail: miguel.m.debarros@gmail.com 
• Mônica Cox de Britto Pereira, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (CFCH), Recife, Pernambuco/PE, Brazil. Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/8937157835629256, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8570-1997, E-mail: monicacoxbp@gmail.com 
• Mônica Schiavinatto, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Políticas Públicas e Relações Internacionais (IPPRI), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0677986513077301, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5546-6890, E-mail: monica.schi@gmail.com 
• Natacha Bruna, Cornell University, Department of Global Development, Ithaca, New York/NY, Estados Unidos da América. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3063-6339, E-mail: natachabruna89@gmail.com 
• Natalia Espinosa Rincón, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Distrito Federal, Colômbia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2320-376X, E-mail: n.espinosa@javeriana.edu.co 
• Omar Angel Arach, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5772-2459, E-mail: omararach@gmail.com 
• Patrícia Rocha Chaves, Universidade Federal do Amapá  (UNIFAP), Macapá, Amapá/AP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/8368656524963047, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-1412, E-mail: patricia.chaves@unifap.br 
• Peter Michael Rosset, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Unidad San Cristóbal, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, México. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1253-1066, E-mail: prosset@ecosur.mx 
• Raul Paz,  Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2809-3478, E-mail: pazraul5@hotmail.com 
• Roberta Figueiredo Lima, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9805039067226153, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1425-2570, E-mail: robertabflima@gmail.com  
• Rodrigo Simão Camacho, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Faculdade Intercultural Indígena (FAIND), Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul/MS, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7322139080274143, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3826-6248, E-mail: rogeo@ymail.com 
• Roni Mayer Lomba, Universidade Federal do Amapá  (UNIFAP), Departamento de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Macapá, Amapá/AP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/4103894790255993, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6062-6142, E-mail: ronimayer@hotmail.com 
• Sam Halvorsen, Queen Mary University of London (QMLU), School of Geography, Londres, Inglaterra. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8215-6946, E-mail: s.halvorsen@qmul.ac.uk 
• Samuel Frederico, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas (IGCE), Rio Claro, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5934745501872345, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1586-0794, E-mail: samuel.frederico@unesp.br 
• Sedeval Nardoque, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campus de Três Lagoas (CPTL), Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul/MS, Brasil. Lattes: 0817381972188098, ORCID: 0000-0003-1562-6623, E-mail: sedeval.nardoque@ufms.br
• Silmara Oliveira Moreira Bitencourt, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Programa de Pós Graduação em Planejamento Territorial, Feira de Santana, Bahia/BA, Brasil. Lattes: 2183722093158623, ORCID: 0000-0001-9961-7868, E-mail: moreira.sillmara@gmail.com
• Silvia Aparecida de Sousa Fernandes, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, Marília, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5862333278372584, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0679-3905, E-mail: sas.fernandes@unesp.br 
• Thaís Tartalha do Nascimento Lombardi, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, São Bernardo do Campo,  São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6768345942522913, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0742-997X, E-mail: t.lombardi@unesp.br 
• Thell Rodrigues, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas (FFLCH), São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brasil. Lattes: 4442768795473378, ORCID: 0000-0002-9816-8121, E-mail: thellrodrigues@usp.br
• Thiago Araújo Santos, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campus de Três Lagoas (CPTL), Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul/MS, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5096410584054917, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1305-0301, E-mail: thiagosantos.ufms@gmail.com 
• Valdemar João Wesz Junior, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Instituto Latino-Americano de Economia, Sociedade e Política, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná/PR, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5218456431756627, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8154-7088, E-mail: jwesz@yahoo.com.br 
• Valmir José Valério, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/8197205384050820, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3540-7754, E-mail: valmir.valerio@unesp.br 
• Vicente Eudes Lemos Alves, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Geociências (IGC), Campinas,  São Paulo/SP, Brasil. Lattes: 0054550625043452, ORCID: 0000-0002-9505-185X, E-mail: veudes@unicamp.br
• Víctor Martín Martín, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Espanha. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1551-8924, E-mail: vbmartin@ull.es 
• Virgínia Marina Rossi Rodriguez, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Facultad de Agronomía, Paysandú, Paysandú, Uruguai. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1519-5544, E-mail: virossi@fagro.edu.uy 
• Wendy Wolford, Cornell University, Department of Global Development, Ithaca, New York/NY, Estados Unidos. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5990-0404, E-mail: www43@cornell.edu 
• Wilder Robles, Brandon University, Faculty of Arts, Brandon, Manitoba, Canadá. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-5303, E-mail: wrobles@cc.umanitoba.ca

NERA Journal publishes original articles resulting from research as well as critical book reviews related to agrarian questions. Authors are required to declare that their manuscript is original, unpublished, and not under review or being considered for publication by any other journal. Authors are encouraged to deposit the submitted manuscripts in reliable preprint servers prior to evaluation. In such cases, authors must contact the editors of NERA Journal before submitting the manuscript in order to receive further information about the process and to sign the Open Science Compliance Form, available here. We emphasize that the manuscript may only be published following evaluation by NERA’s Journal scientific board.

For articles with more than one author, it is mandatory to attach an individual contribution statement as a supplementary document. All authors must participate in the discussion of the results, as well as in the review and approval of the final version of the manuscript. NERA Journal recommends that authors consult the CRediT Taxonomy. Manuscripts submitted without this document will be automatically archived.

Authors must indicate, during the submission process (in the metadata), the title of the research project from which the manuscript originates. After the scientific evaluation process, the research title must be included in the final version of the manuscript.

Title: The title (and subtitle, if any) must be centered, in Arial 14-point bold font, with only the first letter of the first word capitalized.

Title in English: The title (and subtitle, if any) must be centered, in Arial 12-point bold font, with only the first letter of the first word capitalized. 

Title in Spanish: The title (and subtitle, if any) must be centered, in Arial 12-point bold font, with only the first letter of the first word capitalized. 

Abstract: Abstracts must contain a minimum of 10 lines and a maximum of 15 lines. They should be clear, easily readable, and provide a comprehensive summary of the article.

Keywords: Keywords must be provided in Portuguese, English, and Spanish (a minimum of three and a maximum of five). Keywords should be selected from NERA’s Journal keyword database.

Article Language: NERA Journal accepts articles written in Portuguese, English, Spanish, and French.

Manuscript Length: Articles must be a minimum of 15 pages and a maximum of 20 pages.

Metadata: Author names must be entered during the metadata stage and should only appear in the manuscript file after submission of the final version (following scientific evaluation). NERA Journal does not accept the addition of new authors after submission or after the article has been accepted. The institutional affiliation must be provided in full, including: the full name of the institution (acronym), city, state, and country. An ORCID iD and a link to the Lattes CV (for Brazilian authors) are mandatory during the submission process. Author contact emails must also be provided at this stage. Within the metadata, there is a field designated for information on article funding. Acknowledgement must also be made via a footnote on the first page of the manuscript, including the name of the funding agency, type of support (scholarship, grant, etc.), and the name of the project to which the article is linked.

Articles with Multiple Authors: The submission of an individual contribution statement is mandatory. This document must detail the contribution of each author according to the 14 contribution types defined by the CRediT Taxonomy. The statement must be signed by all authors and submitted in PDF format as a supplementary document at the time of submission. No new authors may be added after the manuscript has been submitted, and especially not after it has been accepted. The template for the individual contribution statement is available here.

Declaration of Originality: For all submissions, it is mandatory to include the Declaração de ineditismo do manuscrito, conflito de interesses e uso de ferramentas de Inteligência Artificial (IA) as a supplementary document. This statement must confirm that the manuscript is not under review elsewhere and is original. It must be signed by all authors. The template for the declaration of originality is available here.

All illustrations, graphs, figures, photographs, maps, charts, and tables must be submitted along with the manuscript as supplementary documents and in their original format. Images and maps must be submitted in files with a minimum resolution of 300 dpi. Where a manuscript includes photographs or other images in which individuals are identifiable, authors must provide a signed image consent form authorizing the use and publication of such images. This documentation must be obtained from all identifiable participants and comply with the applicable legislation governing image rights, privacy, and data protection. Systematic and/or location maps of the study area must include a scale bar, legend, coordinates, and the map projection used. Thematic maps must include, at a minimum, a north arrow and a scale bar. Whenever possible, it is also recommended that thematic maps include coordinates and an indication of the geographic projection used. NERA Journal strongly encourages the use of alternative forms of expression in the texts, particularly cartographic representations.
Tables and charts must not contain colored rows or columns and must not be submitted as figures, but rather in an editable format.

File naming: The manuscript file must be named as follows: “Journal NERA_article title.” Under no circumstances should the file include any author identification.

Citations and references should follow the current standard established by ABNT NBR 10520, which can be consulted in the summary prepared by the library of FCT/UNESP, at the following address: https://www.fct.unesp.br/#!/biblioteca2340/normalizacao/abnt/apostila-de-normalizacao/ 

The inclusion of the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is mandatory for all references that have one, following the example provided above. You can check which references have a DOI using the following link: https://apps.crossref.org/SimpleTextQuery. Simply copy and paste the references into the appropriate field and click "Submit." Then, wait for the results and copy the respective DOIs. All hyperlinks must be active.

Graphics elements (images, figures, maps, graphs, charts, and tables) included in the body of the manuscript should be attached to the submission as supplementary documents in their original format. Where a manuscript includes photographs or other images in which individuals are identifiable, authors must provide a signed image consent form authorizing the use and publication of such images. This documentation must be obtained from all identifiable participants and comply with the applicable legislation governing image rights, privacy, and data protection.In the case of manuscripts with more than one author, the "Individual Contribution Statement" should be included as a supplementary document, following the model available in the guidelines for authors of the NERA Journal. NERA Journal encourages the submission of constructed and organized databases for manuscript preparation as supplementary documents. For all submissions, it is mandatory to include the Declaração de ineditismo do manuscrito, conflito de interesses e uso de ferramentas de Inteligência Artificial (IA) as a supplementary document, confirming that the manuscript is original, is not under consideration by another journal, contains no undisclosed conflicts of interest, and includes a statement specifying whether any Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools were used in its preparation. It is also mandatory to submit the research data availability statement, informing about the availability of the research data. NERA Journal also encourages the submission of datasets that were constructed and organized for the development of the manuscript, to be included as supplementary material.

If the manuscript is linked to research funded by any funding agency, the author(s) must, obligatorily, mention the respective funding agency. Recognition should be made by adding a footnote on the first page of the text stating the name of the funding agency, type of support (scholarship, grant, etc.), and the name of the project to which the article is linked. These same pieces of information should be inserted into the electronic form during the completion of step 2 - metadata submission (indexing).

Geographic Diversity of the Scientific Board:
Recognizing the diversity of knowledge production in a country of continental dimensions, NERA Journal seeks to ensure plurality in its scientific board as part of its editorial policy. The board includes members from all major regions of Brazil, as well as representatives from the following countries: Argentina, Uruguay, Ecuador, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, the United States, Canada, Guinea-Bissau, Spain, England, the Netherlands, and Wales. 

Gender and Racial Diversity: NERA Journal is committed to promoting gender and racial diversity through its editorial policies, both within the scientific board and among its authors.

Strengthening the Discussion on Scientific Article Evaluation: NERA Journal actively encourages its scientific board to engage in discussions on the significance of peer review, fostering a deeper understanding of the evaluators' role in the journal’s development. In addition to a review form composed of 46 guiding questions, the journal annually revises its scientific evaluation guidelines in collaboration with the board.

Rua Roberto Simonsen, 305, Center for Research Groups of the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brasil (CEP: 01049-010). E-mail: revista.nera@gmail.com. Phone: (018) 3229-5664