Could eight obesity-related indices be effective in predicting the risk of metabolic syndrome in young and middle-aged adults? A cross-sectional study

Sanlier, Nevin; Yildiz, Elif; Özyalçın, Büşra; Ejder, Zeynep Bengisu; Irmak, Esra; Kocabaş, Şule

doi:10.1590/1678-9865202437e230203

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ORIGINAL | Dietetics • Rev Nutr 37 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202437e230203 linkcopy

Could eight obesity-related indices be effective in predicting the risk of metabolic syndrome in young and middle-aged adults? A cross-sectional study

Poderiam oito índices relacionados à obesidade ser eficazes na previsão do risco de síndrome metabólica em adultos jovens e de meia idade? Um estudo transversal

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective Metabolic syndrome is common endocrine disease worldwide. Anthropometric measurements and obesity-related indices can be used effectively in its diagnosis. This study investigates the use of obesity-related indices in defining metabolic syndrome.

Methods Cross-sectional data from 2,720 young and middle-aged individuals were analyzed. A body shape index, abdominal volume index, body adiposity index, body roundness index, conicity index, lipid accumulation product, visceral adiposity index, and waist-triglyceride index were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed.

Results The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) values for the risk of metabolic syndrome were 1.035 (1.021-1.049) for waist-triglyceride index, 1.045 (1.012-1.079) for body adiposity index (p0.05), 1.084 (1.051-1.119) for lipid accumulation product, and 5.789 (4.536-7.388) for visceral adiposity index (No-BreakpNo-Break0.001).

Conclusion It was concluded that waist-triglyceride index, body adiposity index, lipid accumulation product, and visceral adiposity index can be used as alternatives for identifying metabolic syndrome in adults. Cut-off values for waist-triglyceride index, lipid accumulation product, and visceral adiposity index indices were found for the presence of metabolic syndrome.

Keywords
Abdominal volume index; Lipid-accumulation product; Metabolic syndrome; Visceral adiposity index; Waist-triglyceride index

Variables		M		F		Total		χ2/p-value
Variables		n	%	n	%	n	%	χ2/p-value
Age (years)
	30-50	195	44.1	1,636	63.7	1,831	60.8	60.411
	≥51	247	55.9	934	36.3	1,181	39.2	000.000**
Waist circumference (Male ≥102cm, Female ≥88cm)		201	45.5	1,846	71.8	-	-	-
Fasting plasma glucose (≥100mg/dL)		148	35.9	718	31.0	866	31.8	003.886 000.049*
Triglyceride (≥150mg/dL)		166	40.4	667	28.9	833	30.6	021.833 0.000**
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Male <50 mg/dL, Female <40mg/dL)		78	19.0	1,011	43.7	-	-	-
Blood pressure (≥130/85mmHg)		76	17.2	354	13.8	430	14.3	003.592 000.058
Metabolic Syndrome+		90	22.0	667	28.9	757	27.8	008.309 000.004*

Measurements	M (n=410)		Z/p-value	F (n=2,310)		Z/p-value
Measurements	MetS^- (n=320)	MetS+ (n=90)	Z/p-value	MetS- (n=1,643)	MetS+ (n=667)	Z/p-value
Waist circumference (cm)	98.6±10.32 (66.0-129.0)	107.1±9.63 (88.0-133.0)	-6.741 0.000**	93.1±13.47 (48.0-141.0)	104.0±11.31 (71.0-147.0)	-17.823 0.000**
Hip circumference (cm)	104.1±9.99 (58.0-195.0)	107.6±8.67 (82.0-128.0)	-3.314 0.000**	107.2±10.61 (56.0-171.0)	113.6±10.75 (91.0-164.0)	-13.121 0.000**
Waist-hip-ratio	0.95±0.08 (0.5-1.2)	0.99±0.08 (0.8-1.4)	-5.241 0.000**	0.8±0.08 (0.4-1.3)	0.9±0.06 (0.5-1.2)	-13.722 0.000**
Waist-to-height ratio	0.5±0.05 (0.4-0.7)	0.6±0.06 (0.5-0.7)	-5.975 0.000**	0.5±0.09 (0.3-0.9)	0.6±0.07 (0.4-1.0)	-17.720 0.000**
Neck circumference (cm)	39.7±3.54 (28.0-53.0)	41.5±3.72 (31.0-50.0)	-4.482 0.000**	34.8±2.75 (25.0-46.0)	36.76±2.91 (28.0-54.0)	-14.435 0.000**
Body fat (%)	26.2±7.00 (9.00-48.80)	30.1±7.09 (16.3-53.7)	-4.391 0.000**	35.9±7.04 (5.0-59.0)	40.3±5.47 (17.3-54.6)	-13.947 0.000**
Lean body mass (kg)	55.8±7.27 (36.5-95.3)	58.5-8.13 (35.6-82.5)	-3.283 0.000**	42.6±5.20 (3.0-77.8)	44.9±5.55 (10.0-68.9)	-10.106 0.000**

Indices	M (n=410)		Z/p-value	F (n = 2,310)		Z/p-value
Indices	MetS- (n=320)	MetS+ (n=90)	Z/p-value	MetS- (n=1,643)	MetS+ (n=667)	Z/p-value
A body shape index	0.082±0.00 (0.07-0.1)	0.083±0.00 (0.07-0.1)	-2.915 0.004*	0.07±0.00 (0.04-0.1)	0.08±0.00 (0.07-0.1)	-8.465 0.000**
Abdominal volume index	19.7±4.10 (8.9-33.8)	23.2±4.26 (15.5-35.5)	-6.655 0.000**	17.9±5.07 (6.9-39.8)	22.0±4.81 (11.2-43.2)	-17.809 0.000**
Body adiposity index	28.5±5.11 (6.0-58.8)	29.8±4.39 (17.9-41.6)	-2.692 0.007*	36.3±6.38 (11.3-77.9)	40.2±6.38 (24.1-66.1)	-13.373 0.000**
Body roundness index	5.0±1.45 (1.7-10.3)	6.0±1.47 (3.4-10.2)	-5.975 0.000**	5.4±2.1 (0.4-15.9)	7.1±2.06 (2.4-17.7)	-17.720 0.000**
Conicity index	1.31±0.07 (1.07-1.6)	1.36±0.07 (1.2-1.7)	-4.696 0.000**	1.2±0.10 (0.6-1.7)	1.3±0.09 (1.0-1.7)	-13.972 0.000**
Lipid-accumulation product	50.0±24.82 (1.3-151.4)	109.1±68.99 (38.7-424.1)	-10.960 0.000**	44.2±23.37 (-14.0-157.7)	95.0±52.06 (23.5-572.6)	-28.243 0.000**
Visceral adiposity index	1.5±0.82 (0.4-6.0)	3.9±3.68 (0.9-25.8)	-10.886 0.000**	1.7±0.72 (0.3-6.8)	3.7±2.39 (0.6-24.3)	-28.090 0.000**
Waist-triglyceride index	147.2±61.63 (47.4-432.7)	280.4±168.24 (95.7-1070.1)	-10.299 0.000**	117.3±44.97 (23.5-396.1)	215.8±108.12 (57.6-1165.8)	-27.685 0.000**

Independent variables		B	S.E.	p-value	OR (95% CI)
Sex
	Male	0.974	0.312	0.002*	1
	Famele	0.974	0.312	0.002*	2.652 (1.437-4.878)
Age (years)
	30-50	0.462	0.125	0.000**	1
	≥51	0.462	0.125	0.000**	1.587 (1.244-2.026)
Waist-triglyceride index		0.035	0.007	0.000**	1.035 (1.021-1.049)
Abdominal volume index		0.026	0.052	0.610	1.027 (0.928-1.136)
Body adiposity index		0.044	0.016	0.008*	1.045 (1.012-1.079)
Lipid-accumulation product		0.081	0.016	0.000**	1.084 (1.051-1.119)
Visceral adiposity index		1.756	0.124	0.000**	5.789 (4.536-7.388)
Body roundness index		0.103	0.115	0.371	1.107 (0.885-1.387)

Test variable	AUC±SE (95% CI)	p-value
Waist-triglyceride index	0.858±0.008 (0.842-0.874)	0.000**
Visceral adiposity index	0.872±0.008 (0.857-0.887)	0.000**
Body adiposity index	0.665±0.011 (0.643-0.688)	0.000**
Lipid-accumulation product	0.873±0.007 (0.858-0.887)	0.000**

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[1] Note:

[TFN01] ^*
p<0.05;

[TFN02] ^**
p<0.001.

[TFN03] ^χ2
Chi-square independence test;

[5] MetS

[TFN04] ⁺
Participants with metabolic syndrome.