Space-fed Array Variations of E-shape and U-slot cut Rectangular Microstrip Antennas using Modified Feed for Gain Enhancement

Deshmukh, Amit A.; Parvez, Adil; Chavali, Venkata A. P.

doi:10.1590/2179-10742025v24i1288106

Article • J. Microw. Optoelectron. Electromagn. Appl. 24 (1) • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742025v24i1288106 linkcopy

Space-fed Array Variations of E-shape and U-slot cut Rectangular Microstrip Antennas using Modified Feed for Gain Enhancement

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Space-fed array comprising of E-shape or U-slot cut rectangular microstrip antennas using the modified feed designs are proposed for higher gain and wider bandwidth. Modified feed optimally illuminates the edge space-fed elements to achieve a maximum gain. Amongst the two space-fed array variations, 7 x 7 E-shape space-fed array, excited using the feed comprising of gap-coupled and stacked E-shape patches provides bandwidth and gain of 2.085 GHz (48.97%) and 18.5 dBi, respectively. The antenna exhibits broadside radiation pattern across the complete bandwidth. An experimental validation has been carried out for the simulated results that show a close agreement.

Index Terms
Broadband High gain microstrip antenna; E-shape Microstrip antenna; Spaced-fed microstrip antenna array; U-slot cut Rectangular microstrip antenna.

Space-fed Array	E-shape MSA feed Gain (dBi)	Gap-coupled stacked E-shape feed Gain (dBi)	U-slot cut RMSA feed Gain (dBi)	Gap-coupled stacked U-slot cut RMSA feed Gain (dBi)
1 x 3	11.1	12.9	10.7	11.5
3 x 1	12.1	13.1	11.9	12
Plus shape	13.17	13.7	12.9	13.3
3 x 3	14.5	15.9	14.6	14
5 x 5	16.2	17.6	16.3	14.8
7 x 7	16.4	18.5	16.5	15.2

MSA shown in	Technique used	Meas. BW (GHz, %)	Meas. Gain (dBi)
This work	Space-fed array of E-shape MSAs	2.061, 49.27	18.5
Ref [⁴]	Gap-coupling	341, 15.26	< 0
Ref [⁵]	Gap-coupled shorted patches	6.3, 40	10.5
Ref [⁶]	Gap-coupling	490, 20.04	9.5
Ref [⁷]	Modified patch shape	350, 6.8	7
Ref [⁸]	Resonant slots	3, 53.6	10.2
Ref [⁹]	Resonant slot	0.08, 9	7
Ref [¹⁰]	Resonant slots	2.04, 68	10
Ref [¹¹]	Resonant slots	3.1, 12	6.8
Ref [¹²]	Modified ground plane	5.76, 99	3.66
Ref [¹³]	Modified ground plane	0.556, 49.6	6.2
Ref [¹⁴]	Modified ground plane	7.7, 110	4.5
Ref [¹⁵]	Stacked, gap-coupled with cavity backed design	0.9, 42.2	10.8
Ref [¹⁶]	Stacked, gap-coupled with cavity backed design	1.114, 55.7	12.1
Ref [¹⁷]	Stacked, gap-coupled with cavity backed design	0.95, 44	16.0
Ref [¹⁸]	Stacked, gap-coupled with cavity backed design	1.664, 64	12.5
Ref [²¹]	Microstrip line fed multiple patches	5%	12.6
Ref [²²]	Gap-coupled shorted patches	0.1, 3.04	8.6
Ref [²³]	Stacked Gap-coupled with RIS and AMC layer	1.4, 24.6	12.3
Ref [²⁷]	E-shape Reflect array, 121 elements, η = 36%	8.1%	23.7
Ref [²⁹]	Space-fed array - circular polarized response	0.067, 2.72	19.8
Ref [³⁰]	Dual band space fed array	Band 1 - 0.05, 2.06 Band 2 - 0.1, 2.85	Band 1 - 14.7 Band 2 - 15.0
Ref [³¹]	Space-fed array - Dual feed, Dual polarized	0.621, 10.7	17.8
Ref [³²]	Dual reflector space-fed array	1.1, 8.5	22.7

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