In August of 1939, the “Escola Superior de Agricultura e Veterinária do Estado de Minas Gerais (ESAV)”, currently Universidade Federal de Viçosa, published the first number of "Ceres", name extended to "Revista Ceres" from September/October, 1944 onwards. Its first directors were professors Nello de Moura Rangel, Geraldo Gonçalves Carneiro, Octavio Drummond, Edgard de Vasconcellos Barros and Arlindo de Paula Gonçalves. Its more than 80 years of existence makes it one of the oldest scientific agricultural Jornal in the country.

Initially, it published both original scientific articles and technical texts. Gradually, it became more and more scientific, and the last technical articles were published in 1959.

From 2008 onwards, articles published on the www.ceres.ufv.br  website began to be made available in an open and unrestricted access system, and it was no longer necessary to subscribe to the journal annually in order to have access to its content.

Until 2016, articles were only published in Portuguese.  In 2017, the journal began accepting submissions in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Gradually, the number of articles published in foreign languages increased until, in 2019, Revista Ceres began accepting submissions only in English and, thus, it will remain.

This journal follows the Open Access model, providing unrestricted online access (including financial freedom) to all scientific articles published by the journal.

Open access refers to a condition in which the copyright holder of an academic work grants usage rights to third parties through an open license (Creative Commons Attribution, CC-BY ). This allows immediate and free access to the work and permits any user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, as well as to crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose.

Open science is a movement that encompasses various practices aimed at making scientific knowledge openly and accessibly available, with the goal of promoting scientific collaboration and information sharing for the benefit of science and society. Among the open science practices adopted by Revista Ceres are:

a) The publication of all articles in open access, using the CC-BY open access license for all articles, with copyright retained by the authors;

b) Adoption of a continuous publication model to accelerate research communication (articles are edited and published as soon as they are approved, without the need to wait for a complete issue), along with encouragement for authors to deposit their manuscripts in trusted preprint servers, such as SciELO Preprints, either prior to or simultaneously with submission to the journal;

c) Adoption of a transparent peer review process: the names of the associate editors involved in the evaluation of the manuscript are published in the final version. In addition, Revista Ceres offers authors and reviewers the option to disclose their identities. Authors are encouraged to include their authorship and institutional affiliation on the first page of the article, and reviewers are encouraged to make the review process more transparent by signing their reviewer's comments;

d) Requirement for all authors to accurately indicate their specific contributions to the research and to the writing of the manuscript, using the standardized terminology of the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy);

e) Request for the deposition of the underlying research data (numerical data, photographs, codes, methods, and other research materials) in reliable, open-access data repositories.

Submission of the Open Science Compliance Form, duly completed, is required at the time of article submission.

All articles published by Revista Ceres are assigned a DOI (Digital Object Identifier). This unique and permanent identifier ensures proper citation and facilitates the tracking of articles in academic databases, guaranteeing visibility and accessibility in the digital environment.

In addition, the journal follows the SciELO Brazil Criteria to ensure that all articles are properly indexed and can be accessed transparently by researchers and readers worldwide.

Revista Ceres adheres to strict ethical standards in the management of manuscripts with regard to authors, reviewers, and editors. In order to ensure integrity in the manuscript evaluation process, the journal adopts and follows the guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) concerning ethical standards and responsibilities in scientific research. Authors are encouraged to consult the original COPE documents to fully understand their ethical responsibilities and commitments when submitting a manuscript.

Revista Ceres requires that all manuscripts be original and unpublished, meaning they must not have been previously published in other journals. In addition, all texts, tables, and figures must be original and not partially or fully reproduced from previously published material, except with proper citation and authorization when required. Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be ensured, and references must be correctly cited in order to place the study within the broader academic context.

Revista Ceres is a continuous-publication journal edited by the Universidade Federal de Viçosa. It is dedicated to publishing original scientific articles of technical and scientific relevance, resulting from research focused on innovations and solutions to challenges in agriculture and livestock production, with an emphasis on studies related to tropical regions.

The journal accepts manuscripts in the following areas: Plant Biotechnology, Molecular Biology and Genomics; Agricultural Engineering; Plant Physiology and Morphology Applied to Agriculture; Plant Health; Plant Breeding Applied to Agriculture; Vegetative and Seed Propagation; Crop Production; and Soil and Plant Nutrition.

Revista Ceres follows the standards established in the SciELO Program Digital Preservation Policy.

• AGRIS
• CABI
• DOAJ
• Latindex
• SCIELO

• Journal title: Revista Ceres
• Abbreviated title: Rev. Ceres
• Published by: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Publication frequency: Annual
• Publication model: Continuous Publication
• Year of establishment: 1939

• www.ceres.ufv.br
• www.scielo.br/j/rceres/

• Qualis capes: B1
• SJR: 0,237
• Cite Score: 1.0
• SNIP: 0.365

A preprint is a complete manuscript that has not yet undergone formal peer review or been published in an academic journal. Preprints allow for early dissemination of research, increasing its visibility, enabling the rapid circulation of information, receiving feedback from other researchers, and enhancing the potential for academic collaboration. These aspects promote new ways of producing, sharing, and discussing science in a transparent and collaborative manner, contributing to a culture aligned with the principles of open science.

In support of Open Science, Revista Ceres encourages authors to make their manuscripts available on a trusted preprint platform, such as SciELO Preprints.

In accordance with Open Science practices, Revista Ceres encourages transparency in the editorial process and allows authors to define the review model for their manuscript. The journal adopts open peer review as its preferred practice, in which authors include their names and institutional affiliations directly in the main article file, allowing for identification from the beginning of the process.

However, if authors prefer not to reveal their identity and opt for the double-blind peer review system, they must submit the manuscript without any authorship identification, providing their details and affiliations exclusively on a separate title page. In line with this policy, reviewers may also choose to sign their reports or remain anonymous, whereas the identification of associate editors (name and ORCID) is mandatorily disclosed during the editorial process and in the final published version.

Preliminary and Technical Evaluation

Articles submitted to Revista Ceres undergo a pre-evaluation by a Technical Editor regarding scope, compliance with the journal's guidelines and similarity checks with other published works (to detect plagiarism or self-plagiarism).

Manuscripts that fall outside the scope of the journal will be rejected. Submissions that require adjustments to meet the guidelines or need rewrites due to plagiarism issues will be returned to the authors (unsubmitted) for corrections and resubmission.

After passing the technical analysis, the manuscript will be assigned to an editor from the Editorial Board, who will perform a preliminary screening based on the article's scientific contribution, originality, clarity, and the quality of both the writing and figures. Articles approved in this stage will be forwarded to an Associate Editor.

Evaluation and Decision Process

The Associate Editor may issue an immediate decision or select reviewers to conduct a more thorough analysis of the document – the latter being the most common approach. In this process, the article will be forwarded to two or more reviewers from educational and/or research institutions different from those of the authors.

Upon receiving at least two review reports, the Associate Editor will arbitrate on the reviewers' feedback and decide whether the manuscript should be accepted or rejected.

Manuscripts approved in the first round are sent back to the authors for revisions according to the reviewers' requests. Once corrected, the manuscript will be re-evaluated by the Associate Editor.
Once recommended for publication by the Associate Editor, the manuscript will proceed to a final review by the Editorial Board, which, in all cases, serves as the ultimate deciding authority for the acceptance or rejection of manuscripts.

Finally, if authors disagree with the review reports received, they may submit justifications and counterarguments, which will be carefully evaluated and arbitrated by the Editorial Board.

In accordance with the Guide to promoting the opening, transparency and reproducibility of research published by SciELO journals, Revista Ceres requires that all data generated during the execution of the research underlying the manuscript be made available in a research data repository that ensures accessibility, preservation, and integrity of scientific information.

Research data refers to sets of information collected, recorded, or generated during the course of a scientific study that can be shared to enable reuse by other researchers. In the context of repositories such as  SciELO Data, authors are expected to deposit complementary data—that is, data that were not directly used in the published article but still hold scientific value and may contribute to future research. This may include raw tables from experiments, full interview transcripts, images, programming code, analysis scripts, spreadsheets with numerical data, data generated by computational systems and equipment, photographs, maps, diagrams, supplementary texts, and other materials that supported the research but were not included in the final publication. This avoids duplication of content already present in the article and promotes transparency and scientific reproducibility.

If there is any restriction preventing the availability of the data, authors must provide a justification explaining why the data cannot be shared.

Revista Ceres suggests that data be deposited in  SciELO Data, but authors are free to choose other equally reliable platforms. [Click here to access a tutorial on how to deposit data in SciELO Data.]

How to cite research data?

Authors must explicitly cite the research data used in their articles, both in the main text and in the reference list, ensuring traceability and proper acknowledgment of the data.

Example of in-text citation:

The data used in this study were retrieved from the SciELO Data repository¹.

¹ indicates the position of this citation in the text.

Example of how to include the citation in the REFERENCES section:

Authors. [dataset]. Year. Repository. DOI or link.
Silva M, Souza H, Oliveira J. [dataset]. 2018. SciELO Data. https://doi.org/10.71252/2177-34912025000000

Authors are encouraged to consult the Guidelines for research data citation for more details on best practices for citing and referencing data.

A publication fee of R$500.00 (five hundred Brazilian reais) will be charged upon acceptance of the manuscript.

After the proofreading stage, the corresponding author will receive, via email, instructions for generating the payment slip (boleto bancário), which can be paid by any of the authors. Once the payment has been made, the payment receipt must be sent by email so that the transaction can be recorded in the system.

Revista Ceres is committed to academic and scientific integrity, ensuring that any allegation of misconduct is handled with rigor and impartiality. To this end, the journal follows the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) when addressing ethical issues that may compromise the reputation of the journal and the published research.

Identification of Misconduct

The journal considers as misconduct any practice such as plagiarism, self-plagiarism, unethical research, undisclosed conflicts of interest, authorship issues, or any other action that compromises the integrity of the academic record. If misconduct is identified either before or after the article’s publication, the Editorial Board will conduct a detailed investigation based on COPE guidelines.

Retractions, Errata, and Addenda

Revista Ceres follows the guidelines established by SciELO to ensure integrity and transparency in scientific publishing. In line with the Guidelines on Best Practices for Strengthening Ethics in Scientific Publication, the journal is committed to correcting the article whenever necessary through the publication of errata, retractions, or addenda, depending on the nature of the correction.

Errata are published when significant errors are identified in already published articles that do not compromise the integrity of the data or the study's conclusions. According to the Guide to recording, marking and publishing Correction, the erratum should be published as soon as possible, detailing the corrections and keeping the original article accessible, with the erratum clearly linked to it.

Retractions are issued when there is evidence that the results of an article are invalid due to misconduct or honest error. As outlined in the Guide for registering, marking and publishing a retraction, the retraction must be clearly identified and linked to the original article, which will remain available and marked as “RETRACTED ARTICLE” to preserve the scientific record.

Addenda are used to include relevant information in a previously published article that does not alter its conclusions. According to the Guide for registering, tagging and publishing Addendum, the addendum must be published separately, with a clear reference to the original article, ensuring transparency and the continuity of scientific communication.

Revista Ceres is committed to following these guidelines to maintain trust in the scientific literature and to ensure that all corrections are carried out in a transparent and ethical manner.

A conflict of interest arises when any factor (financial, personal, commercial, academic, political, among others) affects a researcher’s professional judgment in conducting or reporting research. It refers to a set of circumstances in which genuine interest in the research may be influenced by a secondary interest, potentially compromising the investigation’s results. In scientific publishing, conflicts of interest may occur when authors, reviewers, or editors have interests that could influence the preparation or evaluation of manuscripts.

Therefore, Revista Ceres requires that, upon submission of a manuscript, authors must explicitly disclose any financial or other types of conflicts of interest that may have influenced the work. This information should be included in the section “Acknowledgments, Financial Support and Full Disclosure.” Studies that received financial support must include this information in a footnote linked to the article title. If no conflicts of interest exist, authors must clearly state the absence of potential conflicts in the conduct of the research and the publication of the article.

Reviewers and editors who identify any conflict of interest between themselves and the authors — such as having served as an advisor to the author, having collaborated on the research, or having a financial interest in the project that led to the manuscript — must decline the invitation to review in order to keep the evaluation process as impartial as possible.

In cases where associate editors or reviewers identify conflicts of interest in manuscripts that include a declaration of no conflict, these must be reported to the Editorial Board. The board will investigate the situation and, if the conflict is confirmed, will decide whether the article should be published.

Revista Ceres uses CrossRef Similatiry Check to ensure the originality of submitted manuscripts by identifying similarities with previously published texts. Plagiarism can take many forms, ranging from the full or partial copying of works without proper credit to paraphrasing without citing the source. Additionally, self-plagiarism occurs when an author reuses portions of their own work without referencing the original source. Any form of plagiarism is considered unethical and unacceptable behavior.

Similarity checking is performed at the time of submission, before peer review. If plagiarism or self-plagiarism is detected in parts of the text, the manuscript will be returned to the corresponding author for revision. If substantial similarity is found or if the entire article is affected, the manuscript will be rejected.

The deposit of manuscripts in preprint platforms does not constitute prior publication and is not considered plagiarism. Authors are encouraged to submit their manuscripts to trusted preprint repositories before or during the peer review process. Likewise, articles derived from doctoral theses, master's dissertations, or undergraduate monographs are not considered plagiarism in relation to the original academic text.

Revista Ceres acknowledges the advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools and their impact on scientific communication. The use of such tools must be aligned with editorial best practices and ethical principles, ensuring transparency and academic integrity.

Authors may use AI tools to support the preparation, writing, revision, and translation of their manuscripts, provided that such use is explicitly disclosed in the section Declaration of Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools in Scientific Writing. However, only humans may be recognized as authors. The use of AI to generate analytical or textual content without proper attribution is considered an ethical violation.

Reviewers are encouraged to use AI tools to support their evaluations, but they must ensure that any use is clearly mentioned in their review report and does not compromise a fair and objective assessment.

Concealing the use of AI — by authors, editors, or reviewers — violates the principles of transparency and ethics in scientific communication.

The editorial team of Revista Ceres, as well as the authors who publish in the journal, must always observe the guidelines of Sex and Gender Equity in Research (Sex and Gender Equity in Research – SAGER). The SAGER guidelines provide a framework for reporting sex and gender information in the study design, data analysis, results, and interpretation of findings.

Authors must include, in the Materials and Methods section, a statement confirming ethics committee approval from the institution responsible for the research, when applicable. This requirement applies to studies involving humans, animals, or biological materials that require ethical approval, in accordance with institutional guidelines and current regulations. Research that does not fall into these categories—such as laboratory-only studies, field studies with plants, statistical analyses, or literature reviews—does not require such approval.

Scientific knowledge is a public good. For this reason, one of the goals of Revista Ceres is to increase the visibility of research findings. In alignment with the Open Science model, Revista Ceres does not retain the copyright of published articles. Authors maintain the copyright of their manuscripts, while the journal retains the right of first publication.

Responsabilidade do site:

Revista Ceres follows the Open Science model, aiming to increase the visibility of research without claiming copyright ownership of the published articles. All published content, except where explicitly stated, is licensed under the Licença Creative Commons (CC-BY) . This license allows unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Revista Ceres retains the right of first publication, ensuring transparency and unrestricted access to scientific output.

Responsabilidade do autor:

Authors are responsible for the content published in Revista Ceres and retain copyright over their work, licensing it under the Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 (CC-BY) International License. This license allows articles to be freely reused and distributed, as long as the original work is properly cited. By submitting an article to Revista Ceres, authors agree to the journal’s terms of publication, including respect for copyright and proper attribution of the work.

Open Access Policy

Revista Ceres provides free and secure digital access to its content. In line with our values, we believe that offering free access to scientific knowledge to the national and international community fosters broader dissemination and democratization of information, resulting in faster and more consistent technological advances.

Privacy Policy

Revista Ceres is committed to protecting the privacy and security of the personal data of its authors, reviewers, and editors. In compliance with Brazilian Law No. 13.853/2019 (General Data Protection Law – LGPD), we ensure that all personal information collected during the editorial process — such as identification data, communication records, and submission history — is handled in a transparent, secure, and responsible manner.

Our commitment is to use the data exclusively for publication-related purposes, including manuscript management, communication with authors and reviewers, and the fulfillment of legal and academic obligations. At any time, data subjects may exercise their rights, including access, correction, deletion, and portability of their personal data, as provided by the LGPD.

Universidade Federal de Viçosa – www.ufv.br

• Teogenes Senna de Oliveira, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil.  Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3516356640355770, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9904-6708, e-mail: teo@ufv.br

• Danielle Fabíola Pereira da Silva, Universidade Federal de Jataí (UFJ), Jataí, Goiás/GO, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6972754692724026, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7366-5650, e-mail: daniellefpsilva@gmail.com
• Marcos Gervasio Pereira – Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil. Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/3657759682534978, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1402-3612, e-mail: gervasio@ufrrj.br
• Marihus Altoé Baldotto, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Florestal, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil. Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/3927892593585823, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3239-9082, e-mail:marihus@ufv.br

• Elaine Luzia da Silva Leite, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/8257086708211063, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8653-6453, e-mail: elaine.silva@ufv.br

Plant Biotechnology, Molecular Biology and Genomics

• Marcos Aparecido Gimenes, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Distrito Federal/DF, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/4016118532405626, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8190-6212

• Marcos Vinicius Bohrer Monteiro Siqueira, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Frutal, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7913322560877767, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6541-0903

• Ricardo Antônio Ayub, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Paraná/PR, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1389825754483128, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3240-8417

Agricultural Engineering

• Abdul Momin, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN, USA. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-5274

• Demetrius David da Silva, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3676842528299362, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9666-7421

• Eduardo Leonel Bottega, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/2754758384879917, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4035-6880

• Fernando França da Cunha, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil. Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/3298521301507257, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1671-1021

• Gabriel Henrique Horta de Oliveira, Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais (IFSUDESTEMG), Manhuaçu, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7158057432437916, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6066-9262

• Lucas de Paula Corrêdo, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6663688940710477, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8175-5461

• Uilson Ricardo Venâncio Aires, Mississippi State University (MSU), Starkville, Mississipi/MS, The United States of America.
  Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0911756713926089
  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6745-2787

Plant Physiology and Morphology Applied to Agriculture

• Ricardo Antônio Marenco, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas/AM, Brazil. Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/1355483895230525, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9490-2624

• Wagner Luiz Araújo, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/8790852022120851, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-2616

Plant Health

• Ailton Reis, Embrapa Hortaliças Brasília, Distrito Federal/DF, Brazil. Lattes: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5705-3002, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5705-3002

• Christiana de Fátima Bruce da Silva, Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Fortaleza, Ceará/CE, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0676269867143696, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1794-8581

• Eugênio Eduardo de Oliveira, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil. Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/0098564066936024, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1174-6564

• Marcus Alvarenga Soares, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6705125228904432, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8725-3697

• Renato de Almeida Sarmento, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, Tocantins/TO, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0247448637517208, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5379-9595

• Ricardo de La Cruz, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1201160961785416, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6302-0947

• Valdir Lourenço Júnior, Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília, Distrito Federal/DF, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0872810566335213, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5546-5671

Plant Breeding Applied to Agriculture

• Elizanilda Ramalho do Rego, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPB), Campina Grande, Paraíba/PB, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3808074316221768, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7376-7569

• Maicon Nardino, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil. Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/7811009170361239, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4177-4921

Vegetative and Seminiferous Propagation

• Americo Wagner Júnior, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Dois Vizinhos, Paraná/PR, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7301494352809698, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5081-5281

• Diego Ismael Rocha, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil. Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/4605133416300475, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6683-0961

 Crop Production

• Alejandro Hurtado Salazar, Universidade de Caldas, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3870012839924510, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1251-125X

• Dilier Olivera Viciedo, Universidad O'Higgins, Rancagua, O'Higgins, Chile. Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/6349344576632547, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7975-9508

• José Luis da Silva Nunes, Badesul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brazil, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3589606547408014, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2601-7153

• Mateus Pereira Gonzatto, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/4757020233262210, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6394-2802

• Rogério Faria Vieira, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (Epamig), Viçosa, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/2025555802523934, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5286-8392

• Thiago de Oliveira Vargas, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Pato Branco, Paraná/PR, Brazil. Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/5187448260422379, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3665-5917

• Uilson Ricardo Venâncio Aires, Mississippi State University (MSU), Starkville, Mississipi/MS, The United States of America. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0911756713926089, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6745-2787
• Wendy Vance, Murdoch University (MU), Perth, Western Australia, Australia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7015-0835

Soils and Plant Nutrition

• Fábio Ribeiro Pires, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), São Mateus, Espírito Santo/ES, Brazil, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5930035056050041, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6534-3475

• Francisco Alisson da Silva Xavier, Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas, Bahia/BA, Brazil. Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/4983486732657101, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8141-2343

• Gilberto de Oliveira Mendes, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3243787153047116, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3900-719X
• Henrique Antunes de Souza, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Teresina, Piauí/PI, Brazil. Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/1542888683453935, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2209-4285
• Lucas de Carvalho Gomes, Aarhus University (AU), Viborg, Central Denmark Region, Denmark. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7428456156832711,
  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2105-2470
• Maribela Pestana, Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Faro, Algarve, Portugal. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4319-1682

• Wendy Vance, Murdoch University (MU), Perth, Western Australia, Australia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7015-0835

• Yuri Jacques Agra Bezerra da Silva, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco/PE, Brazil. Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/7452583175531534, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6865-7146

Estagiária

Anna Carolina de Oliveira Marcolino – Undergraduate Student in Trilingual Executive Secretariat – UFV 

Composition and Layout

IR Publicações

Manuscripts must be submitted exclusively online via the website: https://mc04.manuscriptcentral.com/rceres-scielo

Revista Ceres publishes Articles, Communications, Reviews (by invitation), Letters to the Editor, and Preprints.

Article: Must report a complete original work, in which the reproducibility of the results is clearly established.

Communication: Must report conclusive results and not preliminary data. It is an alternative format to describe, more concisely, partial results of a broader work or to report conclusive results based on a smaller amount of data.

Review: Must provide an in-depth report on the state of the art of a given topic, upon invitation by the Editorial Board. There is no page limit.

Letter to the Editor: Should address, in an informal way, a technical-scientific topic of interest to the agricultural or biological sciences community. Its publication is at the discretion of the Editorial Board.

Preprint: Must follow the same guidelines as for articles.

Revista Ceres accepts article submissions only in English. Proficiency in standard English is a key criterion for article evaluation. Authors who are not fluent in English are encouraged to have their manuscript reviewed by a qualified language editor. Authors who wish to receive suggestions for translators/reviewers may send an email to: ceres@ufv.br.

If a language revision is required by an associate editor or the editorial board, the authors must have the manuscript revised by a qualified person or company and submit a certificate confirming the revision.

To be considered an author of an article, a researcher must have made a significant contribution to the conception and/or development of the research and/or manuscript writing, and must have revised and approved the final version. In addition, all authors must have an ORCID ID, which must be provided in ScholarOne at the time of submission and will be included in the publication.

Following Open Science recommendations and promoting greater transparency, Revista Ceres encourages authors to include their names and institutional affiliations in the manuscript itself. However, if they prefer to remain anonymous during peer review, authorship may be submitted in a separate cover page.

If there is a need to modify the authorship during the peer review stage (add/remove an author or change the order of authors), the corresponding author must submit a formal request by email, justifying the change. The document must be signed by all authors – including those being added, removed, or repositioned – and sent to ceres@ufv.br.

Only under exceptional circumstances will the Editor consider authorship changes after the manuscript has been accepted. While the Editor reviews the request, publication of the manuscript will be suspended. If the manuscript has already been published, any approved request will result in a correction notice.

Manuscripts must be typed using Microsoft Word, justified alignment, double-spaced, in Times New Roman font, size 12. The paper size must be A4, with 3 cm margins. Lines must be continuously numbered.

Full articles must not exceed 25 pages, including references, figures, and tables. Communications must not exceed 15 pages, also including references, figures, and tables.

a. Title

The title must have a maximum of 20 words, centered and in boldface. Only the first word should be capitalized, except in relevant cases (e.g., scientific names such as Phaseolus vulgaris). If necessary, include a footnote using a superscript Arabic numeral (see footnotes section).

b. Authorship

To comply with Open Science recommendations and enhance transparency in the peer review process, authors must include their names immediately after the manuscript title, followed by their ORCID ID. However, if anonymity is preferred during peer review, authorship may be submitted separately as a cover page.

Each author’s name must be followed by a superscript Arabic numeral that corresponds to a footnote with their institutional affiliation.

The first footnote must be linked to the title and contain information about the origin of the work (e.g., derived from a thesis or dissertation) and funding sources. The following footnotes must indicate the authors' affiliations in this order: institution, department (if applicable), city, state (abbreviation), country, and email. Authors affiliated with the same institution and department should be grouped in the same footnote.

The corresponding author must be marked with an asterisk (*) following their name in the author list. In the footnote, on the last line, an asterisk must be followed by the corresponding author’s email address.

Example:
Corresponding author: maria@ufv.br

c. Abstract

The title of this section must be written in uppercase, left-aligned, and bold. The abstract must not exceed 200 words and should consist of a single paragraph. It should broadly include the hypothesis, objectives, materials and methods, major results, and the conclusion. The text must begin on the line following the section title.

d. Keywords

The keyword section must contain a minimum of three and a maximum of six keywords, listed in a paragraph following the abstract. Keywords must be written in lowercase (except scientific names) and separated by semicolons. Words already appearing in the title must not be repeated.

e. Highlights

A minimum of three and a maximum of five highlights must be presented as short statements indicating the main contributions of the article, without replicating the conclusions. Each highlight must not exceed 85 characters, including spaces.

f. Introduction

The title of this section must be written in uppercase and left-aligned. This section must clearly present the research problem, its importance, the research hypothesis, and the objectives — clearly stated at the end of the section.

g. Materials and Methods

The title of this section must be written in uppercase and left-aligned. This section must provide enough detail for the work to be replicated. The Revista Ceres requires statistical procedures to be clearly described, including the experimental design, number of replications, and statistical techniques used. If no formal design is applicable, authors must clearly describe how the research was conducted and how the data were analyzed.

Note: The MATERIALS AND METHODS section may contain subsections, indicated by italicized and bolded subtitles, with initial capital letters, and centered alignment.

h. Results and Discussion

The title of this section must be written in uppercase and left-aligned. The text must be clear and concise, supported by relevant literature.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION may be presented in the same section or in separate sections. Subsections are allowed and must be indicated by bold italicized subtitles, with initial capital letters, and centered.

i. Conclusions
The title of this section must be written in uppercase and left-aligned. Conclusions must be concise and derived from the data presented and discussed. Each conclusion must be written in a new paragraph.

j. Supplementary Material

Supplementary material refers to additional content relevant to the published research but not essential to the main understanding of the article. These materials are provided to support, detail, or expand the analysis presented in the main article. Supplementary material must not be cited within the article text. It will be referred to in a separate section with a link for access.

Supplementary material must have clear titles and may include tables, graphs, photographs, spreadsheets, or additional text that supports the article.

This section is not mandatory. When provided, the files must be attached as a supplemental file and will be published exactly as submitted by the author, without formatting.

The SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL section must appear after the conclusions and include the following statement: “Supplementary data are available at: ...” The journal will insert the access link once the article is approved. Supplementary material must follow the same formatting guidelines as the article (font, font size, spacing, margins, etc.).

k. Acknowledgments, financial Support, and full disclosure

The title of this section must be written in uppercase and left-aligned. Authors must indicate whether they received funding or support from research funding agencies.

They must also declare whether there is any conflict of interest related to the research and publication of the article, in accordance with the guidelines under Conflicts of Interest, in EDITORIAL POLICIES.

l. Data Availability Statement

The title of this section must be written in uppercase and left-aligned. This section must comply with the guidelines provided under OPEN DATA in the EDITORIAL POLICIES.

The content of this section must follow one of the options below, according to the specific context of the research:

1. Declare that all data resulting from the research that originated the manuscript have been deposited in a data repository, specifying the repository’s name and providing the access links for each dataset;
2. Declare that all data are contained within the article (when no additional data beyond those in the manuscript are available);
3. Declare the reason why the data cannot be made available.

Examples of statements:

i.  “All datasets supporting the findings of this study have been deposited in SciELO Data and are available at [URL or DOI].”

ii.  “All datasets supporting the findings of this study are included in this article.”

iii.  “All datasets supporting the findings of this study are available upon request from the corresponding author [name of corresponding author]. The datasets are not publicly available due to [explain reason, e.g., participant privacy concerns].”

Data made available in repositories may be accessed by editors/reviewers during peer review and by anyone interested in reusing the data. Files must be released under the CC-BY license and comply with the FAIR principles: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable.

m. Declaration of Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools in Scientific Writing

The title of this section must be written in uppercase and left-aligned. This statement must comply with the guidance in the Adoption of software using Artificial Intelligence resources section in EDITORIAL POLICIES.

Template for Declaration of Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools in Scientific Writing

This declaration does not apply to the use of basic tools for grammar and spelling checks, references, etc. If there is nothing to declare, this section does not need to be included.

n. Author Contributions / Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT)

To promote transparency in the publication process and ensure proper recognition of each author’s contributions, Revista Ceres requires a description of the individual contributions of each author to the research and manuscript. Authors must use the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) system. The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that the contributions are accurate and agreed upon by all authors. A model document is available here.

If the authors choose anonymity during peer review, this section must be submitted in a separate Word file and uploaded as a “supplemental file not for review.” In this case, the journal’s technical team will incorporate this section into the final version of the article prior to publication.

o. References

The title of the REFERENCES section must be written in uppercase and left-aligned. Revista Ceres follows the Vancouver style for references, using the numerical citation system. Click here to access a reference formatting guide and here to view a published article model from Revista Ceres.

The graphical abstract is not a section of the article and must be submitted as a separate file, attached as a “supplemental file” during the submission process.

The graphical abstract is a visual representation of the main findings of the article. It is intended to clearly and concisely convey the core idea and the key results of the study. This figure should allow readers to quickly grasp the article’s main message without reading the entire text, and help them identify which articles are most relevant to their research interests.

The file must be submitted in TIFF, JPG, or JPEG format, with a minimum resolution of 300 dpi. It must be uploaded as a separate document, attached as a supplemental file during submission.

At the time of submission, authors must upload the following files:

a. The manuscript (with or without authorship identification)

b. The cover page (only required if authorship is not included in the main file)

c. Author Contribuition (only if this section is not included in the main file)

d. Graphical abstract

e. Open Science Compliance Form

f. Supplementary material (optional)

The manuscript must be submitted as the “main document”; the title page and author contributions must be uploaded as a “supplemental file not for review”; and the graphical abstract and supplementary material must be uploaded as “supplemental file”.

Figures and tables must be placed after they are cited in the text. They must be numbered using Arabic numerals, with captions placed below the figures and above the tables.

Figures and tables must not contain redundant data. Figures must have a minimum resolution of 300 dpi and be submitted in JPG format. Any illustration previously published must include source information (author, date) below the caption.

The complete bibliographic reference for the source must be listed in the REFERENCES section.

a. Tables

The term refers to a set of alphanumeric data arranged in rows and columns. Tables must use only horizontal lines: one separating the column headers and one at the end of the table. The table caption must begin with the word “Table X”, where X is the table number (in Arabic numerals), followed by a colon and the table description. In the text, tables must be referred to as “Table X”. Decimal numbers must be aligned by the comma.

b. Figures

The term refers to any visual element composed of or displaying lines and points: drawings, photographs, graphs, flowcharts, diagrams, etc. Figure captions must begin with “Figure X”, where X is the number (in Arabic numerals) indicating the order of appearance in the manuscript. This is followed by a colon and the figure caption. In the text, refer to it as “Figure X”.

c. Equations

Equations must be created using Microsoft Word’s equation editor (Microsoft Equation). Manuscripts containing equations as images will not be accepted.

Revista Ceres adopts the International System of Units (SI), and the table below presents the correct way to use these units in the article:

1. Omics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture

01.1 - Structural, functional, and comparative genomics
Genome sequencing, assembly, and annotation; comparative genomics; pangenomes; structural and functional variation.
01.2 - Transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics
Gene expression, protein and metabolic profiles, epigenetic regulation, and molecular responses of organisms of agricultural interest.
01.3 - Bioinformatics, computational biology, and multi-omics integration
Development and application of computational tools, sequence analysis, biological networks, and omics data integration.
01.4 - Genotyping, molecular markers, and molecular diagnostics
Development and application of markers, molecular identification, DNA barcoding, high-density genotyping, and diagnostics of agriculture-associated organisms.
01.5 - Genetic engineering, gene editing, and synthetic biology
Genetic transformation, CRISPR systems, genome editing, biological circuit construction, and development of genetically modified organisms.
01.6 - Plant biotechnology and tissue culture
In vitro culture, somatic embryogenesis, organogenesis, regeneration, in vitro conservation, and metabolite production.
01.7 - Microbial biotechnology and agricultural bioprocesses
Growth-promoting microorganisms, production of inoculants, enzymes, metabolites, biodegradation, and fermentation processes applied to agriculture.
01.8 - Microbiomes and plant-microorganism molecular interactions
Plant and soil microbiomes, endophytes, rhizosphere, molecular signaling, and beneficial or pathogenic interactions investigated through omics approaches.
01.9 - Bioprospecting and bioinput development
Prospecting of genes, microorganisms, molecules, natural compounds, and processes with agronomic potential.
01.10 - Biosafety, bioethics, and biotechnological risk assessment
Environmental risk assessment, gene flow, biosafety of modified organisms, and ethical or regulatory aspects associated with agricultural biotechnologies.

2. Agricultural Engineering, Digital Agriculture, and Agricultural Technologies

02.1 - Machinery, mechanization, and operational performance
Design, evaluation, adjustment, and performance of agricultural machinery, implements, and operations.
02.2 - Automation, robotics, and autonomous systems
Agricultural robots, autonomous vehicles, automatic control, actuators, navigation, and automation of operations.
02.3 - Precision agriculture and site-specific management
Management zones, variable rate application, yield maps, spatial sampling, and site-specific interventions.
02.4 - Sensors, instrumentation, and Internet of Things
Soil, plant, climate, and machinery sensors; telemetry; sensor networks; embedded systems, and real-time monitoring.
02.5 - Remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicles, and photogrammetry
Satellite, aerial, and proximal imagery; drones; multispectral, hyperspectral, thermal, and LiDAR sensors.
02.6 - Geomatics, geoprocessment, and spatial variability
Geographic Information Systems (GIS), digital cartography, positioning, applied geostatistics, and spatial analysis of agricultural areas.
02.7 - Irrigation and drainage engineering
Design and evaluation of irrigation and drainage systems, agricultural hydraulics, application uniformity, and equipment performance.
02.8 - Soil and water conservation engineering
Conservation structures, erosion control, runoff management, terracing, surface drainage, and mechanical conservation practices.
02.9 - Ambience, structures, and protected cultivation
Greenhouses, screenhouses, environmental control, climate control, rural structures, and protected plant production systems.
02.10 - Agricultural product application technology
Nozzles and sprayers, droplet spectrum, deposition, drift, site-specific application, and physical-operational performance of applications.
02.11 - Post-harvest, storage, and processing engineering
Drying, processing, storage, refrigeration, transport, primary processing, and conservation of agricultural products.
02.12 - Energy, electrification, and sustainability of agricultural operations
Energy efficiency, renewable sources, machinery electrification, biofuels, and energy assessment of production systems.

3. Physiology, Ecophysiology, and Development of Cultivated Plants

03.1 - Photosynthesis, respiration, and carbon metabolism
Carbon assimilation, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, respiration, and source-sink relationships.
03.2 - Water relations and plant hydraulics
Water absorption and transport, hydraulic conductance, transpiration, water potential, cavitation, and water use efficiency.
03.3 - Mineral nutrition and physiology of nutrient acquisition
Absorption, transport, redistribution, and utilization of nutrients; nutritional efficiency and physiological responses to deficiencies or toxicities (excesses).
03.4 - Growth, phenology, and plant development
Germination, vegetative growth, differentiation, flowering, fruiting, maturation, and senescence.
03.5 - Hormones, signaling, and developmental regulation
Phytohormones, cellular messengers, chemical and molecular signaling, and regulation of developmental processes.
03.6 - Ecophysiology of annual and perennial crops
Interactions between cultivated plants and the environment, acclimation, phenotypic plasticity, and crop performance under field conditions.
03.7 - Abiotic stresses and tolerance mechanisms
Water deficit, heat, cold, salinity, waterlogging, toxicity, radiation, and oxidative stress.
03.8 - Anatomy, morphology, and functional plant architecture
Anatomical, morphological, root, and canopy architecture characteristics related to agronomic performance.
03.9 - Seed physiology and seedling establishment
Dormancy, germination, vigor, longevity, deterioration, and environmental responses during establishment.
03.10 - Post-harvest physiology
Maturation, ripening, respiration, senescence, conservation, and physiological disorders of plant products.

4. Plant Health, Plant Protection, Integrated Management, and Biological Control

04.1 - Plant pathology and plant diseases
Etiology, pathogenicity, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, viroids, and other agents.
04.2 - Agricultural entomology and acarology
Biology, ecology, behavior, damage, and management of insect pests and mites associated with crops.
04.3 - Agricultural nematology
Taxonomy, biology, diagnosis, epidemiology, and management of plant-parasitic nematodes.
04.4 - Weed science and management
Biology, ecology, interference, population dynamics, and weed management.
04.5 - Integrated management of pests, diseases, and weeds
Integration of cultural, genetic, physical, biological, and chemical methods for plant protection.
04.6 - Biological control and natural enemies
Predators, parasitoids, antagonists, entomopathogens, microbiological agents, and conservative or applied biological control strategies.
04.7 - Plant protection products, selectivity, and resistance
Efficacy, mechanisms of action, target-organism resistance, selectivity to non-target organisms, and anti-resistance management.
04.8 - Epidemiology, monitoring, and plant health forecasting
Spatiotemporal dynamics, warning systems, sampling, monitoring, and modeling of epidemics or infestations.
04.9 - Diagnosis and detection of plant protection agents
Morphological, serological, molecular, spectral, and digital methods for identification and quantification.
04.10 - Plant-pathogen-environment interactions and induced resistance
Defense mechanisms, elicitors, systemic resistance, and environmental influence on biotic interactions.
04.11 - Toxicology, residues, and environmental safety of plant protection products
Environmental fate, residues, ecotoxicology, exposure, and risks associated with the use of plant protection products.
04.12 - Quarantine, biosafety, and invasive species
Quarantine pests, risk analysis, plant health surveillance, and invasive organisms of agricultural importance.

5. Plant Genetics, Breeding, Genetic Resources, and Plant Propagation

05.1 - Quantitative, biometric, and population genetics
Genetic parameters, heritability, diversity, population structure, and analysis of quantitative traits.
05.2 - Plant breeding methods and selection
Selection, hybridization, inbreeding, heterosis, population breeding, recurrent selection, and cultivar development.
05.3 - Molecular, genomic, and marker-assisted breeding
Marker-assisted selection, genomic selection, QTL, GWAS, and integration of phenotypic and genotypic information.
05.4 - Genotype x environment interaction, adaptability, and stability
Environmental stratification, performance across multiple environments, yield stability, and cultivar recommendation.
05.5 - Phenotyping and germplasm evaluation
Morphological, agronomic, physiological, chemical, digital, and spectral characterization of genotypes and accessions.
05.6 - Genetic resources, germplasm, and conservation
Collection, documentation, characterization, ex situ or in situ conservation, and use of germplasm banks.
05.7 - Pre-breeding, domestication, and genetic introgression
Use of wild relatives, allele incorporation, genetic base broadening, and domestication of new species.
05.8 - Breeding for yield, quality, and adaptation
Cultivar development for yield, quality, resource-use efficiency, and stress tolerance.
05.9 - Breeding for pest and disease resistance
Identification and incorporation of resistance sources and evaluation of resistance durability.
05.10 - Seed production, technology, and quality
Production, processing, storage, physiological, sanitary, and genetic quality of seeds.
05.11 - Seed propagation and seedling production
Germination, substrates, containers, production environments, acclimation, and seedling quality.
05.12 - Vegetative propagation, grafting, and cloning
Cutting, mini-cutting, layering, grafting, rootstocks, clonal gardens, and multiplication of superior materials.

6. Plant Production, Cropping Systems, and Ecological Intensification

06.1 - Crop science and management
Agronomic practices, establishment, crop management, harvesting, and yield performance of crops.
06.2 - Crop rotation, succession, and intercropping systems
Temporal and spatial arrangements, cover crops, diversification, and cropping systems planning.
06.3 - Conservation systems and no-tillage
No-tillage, reduced tillage, permanent cover, residue management, and resource conservation.
06.4 - Integrated production systems
Integrated crop-livestock, crop-forestry, crop-livestock-forestry, and other forms of integrated production.
06.5 - Ecological and sustainable production intensification
Yield increases associated with diversification, resource-use efficiency, and reduction of environmental impacts.
06.6 - Plant arrangement, population, timing, and cultivation methods
Density, spacing, sowing or planting date, crop canopy architecture, and intra- and inter-specific competition.
06.7 - Fertilization and water management in cropping systems
Yield responses to fertilization, fertigation, irrigation, water deficit management, and water-nutrient interaction.
06.8 - Annual, perennial, horticultural, and specialty crops
Grains, fibers, fruit trees, coffee, sugarcane, vegetables, ornamental, medicinal, aromatic, and bioenergy plants.
06.9 - Pastures and forage plants in agricultural systems
Establishment, management, yield, persistence, and integration of pastures with other production components.
06.10 - Production in protected, urban, and peri-urban environments
Protected crops, urban agriculture, vertical systems, and intensive forms of plant production.
06.11 - Harvest, quality, and utilization of plant products
Agronomic quality, composition, conservation, post-harvest losses, and utilization of plant co-products.
06.12 - Agronomic evaluation and sustainability of production systemsYield, stability, efficiency, input use, environmental indicators, and integrated performance of systems.

7. Agroecology, Organic Agriculture, and Sustainable Agrifood Systems

07.1 - Fundamentals and agroecological transition
Agroecological principles, redesign of agroecosystems, sociotechnical transitions, and reduction of reliance on external inputs.
07.2 - Organic agriculture and ecologically-based systems
Management, certification, performance, and sustainability of organic, biodynamic, and ecologically-based systems.
07.3 - Agroforestry systems and biodiverse systems
Design, management, yield, succession, and ecological functioning of agroforestry systems and polycultures.
07.4 - Agrobiodiversity, landrace seeds, and local resources
On-farm conservation, traditional varieties, local breeds, community seed banks, and agricultural diversity management.
07.5 - Functional biodiversity and ecosystem services
Pollination, natural biological control, nutrient cycling, water regulation, and other services associated with agroecosystems.
07.6 - Traditional knowledge and ethnoagronomy
Local knowledge, traditional practices, ethnobotany, and relationships between communities and agricultural resources.
07.7 - Agrifood systems, food security, and food sovereignty
Production, distribution, access, consumption, quality, food security, and territorial sovereignty.
07.8 - Circular economy and agricultural waste utilization
Nutrient recycling, composting, biomass utilization, loss reduction, and closing of loops.
07.9 - Environmental footprints and sustainability assessment
Life cycle assessment, carbon, water, and nutrient footprints, and multidimensional sustainability indicators.
07.10 - Ecological restoration of agricultural landscapes
Productive restoration, ecological corridors, reclamation of degraded areas, and integration between production and conservation.
07.11 - Participatory research and experimentation with farmers
Action research, shared knowledge construction, and participatory evaluation of technologies or systems.
07.12 - Socio-ecological resilience of agroecosystems
Adaptive capacity, functional diversity, stability, and system response to environmental or socioeconomic disturbances.

8. Soils, Plant Nutrition, and Soil Health

08.1 - Soil genesis, classification, survey, and mapping
Pedogenesis, classification, soil-landscape relationships, conventional or digital surveys, and mapping.
08.2 - Soil physics and mechanics
Structure, aggregation, porosity, compaction, mechanical resistance, water retention, and movement.
08.3 - Soil chemistry, mineralogy, and electrochemistry
Surface reactions, acidity, salinity, minerals, organic matter, and element availability.
08.4 - Soil biology, microbiology, and ecology
Microbial communities, soil fauna, biological processes, biodiversity, and soil ecological functions.
08.5 - Organic matter, soil carbon, and biogeochemical cycles
Organic matter dynamics, carbon stabilization, and cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and other elements.
08.6 - Soil fertility, liming, and fertilizers
Fertility diagnosis, liming, gypsuming, mineral or organic fertilization, specialty fertilizers, and agronomic efficiency.
08.7 - Plant nutrition and nutritional diagnosis
Absorption, transport, nutrient balance, foliar analysis, visual diagnosis, nutritional indices, and use efficiency.
08.8 - Soil health, quality, and functioning
Physical, chemical, and biological indicators; integrated assessment; suppressiveness; multifunctionality; and soil ecosystem services.
08.9 - Conservation, erosion, and soil management
Water or wind erosion, conservation practices, tillage systems, cover crops, and land-use planning.
08.10 - Soil degradation, reclamation, and remediation
Compaction, salinization, acidification, contamination, degraded areas, reclamation, and phytoremediation.
08.11 - Soil-root-rhizosphere relationships
Root architecture, exudates, mycorrhizae, rhizobacteria, and processes at the root-soil interface.
08.12 - Pedometrics, spatial variability, and digital mapping
Spatial modeling, proximal sensors, environmental covariates, property prediction, and cartographic uncertainty.
08.13 - Waste, by-products, and soil inputs
Agricultural use of waste, composts, biochar, remineralizers, conditioners, and organomineral fertilizers.

9. Climate, Water, and Resilience of Agricultural Systems

09.1 - Agrometeorology and climate-crop relationships
Influence of meteorological elements on crop development, yield, and quality.
09.2 - Climate variability and climate change
Trends, scenarios, teleconnections, and impacts of climate variability or change on agriculture.
09.3 - Agroclimatic zoning and agricultural suitability
Risk zoning, soil-climate suitability, agricultural calendars, and delineation of production environments.
09.4 - Water balance, evapotranspiration, and water use efficiency
Atmospheric demand, crop water consumption, crop coefficients, water balances, and water productivity.
09.5 - Agricultural and watershed hydrology
Runoff, infiltration, recharge, streamflow, water quality, and relationships between land use and hydrological processes.
09.6 - Irrigation management and water use strategies
Irrigation scheduling, controlled deficit, water efficiency, fertigation, and decision-making.
09.7 - Droughts, floods, and extreme events
Characterization, monitoring, forecasting, impacts, and risk reduction strategies associated with climate extremes.
09.8 - Adaptation and resilience of agricultural systems
Diversification, calendar adjustment, adapted cultivars, soil and water management, and adaptation strategies.
09.9 - Climate change mitigation in agriculture
Emission reductions, carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas management, and nature-based solutions.
09.10 - Carbon, water, and energy fluxes in agroecosystems
Exchanges between soil, vegetation, and atmosphere; energy balance, and flux monitoring.
09.11 - Climate services and agricultural warning systems
Seasonal forecasts, climate information for farmers, risk warnings, and decision support.
09.12 - Water security and sustainable water management
Availability, quality, use conflicts, conservation, and planning of water resources for agriculture.

10. Rural Extension, Innovation, and Territorial Development

10.1 - Rural extension and technical assistance
Methods, approaches, institutional models, and evaluation of extension and technical assistance programs.
10.2 - Rural communication and knowledge dissemination
Scientific and technological communication, rural media, non-formal education, and information sharing.
10.3 - Adoption, diffusion, and appropriation of technologies
Determinants of adoption, risk perception, barriers, learning processes, and impacts of technologies.
10.4 - Agricultural innovation systems and knowledge networks
Interactions between research, extension, farmers, companies, cooperatives, governments, and social organizations.
10.5 - Social innovation, co-innovation, and participatory research
Collective building of solutions, living labs, innovation platforms, and social learning.
10.6 - Territorial development and rural dynamics
Territorial organization, identity, social capital, spatial inequalities, and rural development strategies.
10.7 - Family farming, cooperativism, and collective action
Farmers' organization, associations, cooperatives, local networks, and strengthening of family farming.
10.8 - Rural economics and socioeconomic evaluation of technologies
Costs, profitability, efficiency, economic viability, distributive impacts, and socioeconomic evaluation.
10.9 - Production chains, markets, and marketing circuits
Governance of value chains, value addition, institutional markets, short supply chains, and fair trade.
10.10 - Rural entrepreneurship, bioeconomy, and sociobiodiversity
New businesses, sociobiodiversity products, value addition, and development of territorial economies.
10.11 - Public policies, institutions, and rural governance
Formulation, implementation, and evaluation of agricultural, environmental, territorial, and rural development policies.
10.12 - Digital inclusion, digital agriculture, and inequalities in access
Access to technologies, rural connectivity, digital skills, and social impacts of digitalization.
10.13 - Gender, youth, succession, and social inclusion in rural areas
Social participation, generational succession, labor, equity, and inclusion of historically underrepresented groups.

11. Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, and Agroenvironmental Modeling

11.1 - Machine learning and deep learning
Supervised and unsupervised models, neural networks, and learning methods applied to agricultural problems.
11.2 - Computer vision and automated image analysis
Detection, segmentation, classification, and quantification of plants, pests, diseases, soils, and agricultural products.
11.3 - Data science, data mining, and agricultural big data
Integration, processing, exploration, and pattern discovery in large agroenvironmental databases.
11.4 - Statistical modeling and predictive analysis
Predictive models, inference, time series, spatial statistics, Bayesian methods, and uncertainty quantification.
11.5 - Crop and production systems modeling
Process-based models, simulation of growth, yield, management, and responses to different environments.
11.6 - Soil and biogeochemical cycles modeling
Simulation of water, carbon, nutrients, organic matter, emissions, and transformations in the soil-plant system.
11.7 - Hydrological, climatic, and environmental modeling
Watershed, climate, water balance, erosion, sediment transport, and environmental dynamics models.
11.8 - Hybrid models and data assimilation
Integration of mechanistic models, machine learning, sensor data, and remote observations.
11.9 - Decision support systems, optimization, and recommendation
Management optimization, resource allocation, expert systems, recommenders, and decision support tools.
11.10 - Digital twins and simulation of agricultural scenarios
Dynamic digital representations, real-time simulation, scenario evaluation, and predictive agriculture.
11.11 - Geospatial and spatiotemporal modeling
Spatial prediction, mapping, image time series, landscape analysis, and integration of geographic data.
11.12 - Artificial intelligence applied to phenotyping and breeding
Digital phenotyping, performance prediction, genomic selection, germplasm classification, and trait identification.
11.13 - Explainable, responsible, and reproducible artificial intelligence Interpretability, biases, transparency, external validation, reproducibility, governance, and ethical use of algorithms.
11.14 - Databases, ontologies, and interoperability
Standardization, curation, metadata, platform integration, open data, and FAIR principles.
11.15 - Systemic modeling and analysis of agroenvironmental systems
System dynamics, agent-based models, network analysis, integrated scenarios, and relationships between biophysical and socioeconomic components.

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