Bragantia is edited by the Instituto Agronômico of Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios of Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento of São Paulo state, aiming at publishing original scientific papers by experts in the Agricultural Sciences.

The journal has been published since 1941, becoming biannual from 1984 and quarterly from 2001. In 2021, aiming to facilitate the immediate dissemination of articles, Bragantia adopted a continuous publication model, with articles made available as soon as they are approved and compiled into a single annual volume.

The journal’s abbreviated title is Bragantia, which must be used in bibliographies, footnotes, references, and bibliographic captions.

Bragantia is affiliated with the Associação Brasileira de Editores Científicos (ABEC – the Brazilian Association of Scientific Editors).

Bragantia follows the open-access model, allowing access to all texts published without restrictions (including financial restrictions).

Bragantia offers immediate open access to its content, adhering to the principles of free access and the democratization of scientific knowledge. To maximize the dissemination and use of published material, Bragantia adopts the Creative Commons license with CC BY 4.0 attribution. Thus, the copyright belongs to the authors, granting free and immediate access to the work and allowing any user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search the full texts of the articles, or create links to them, crawl the articles for indexing, use them as data for software, or for any other lawful purpose, including commercial purposes, provided that proper credit is given.

Bragantia follows the Gold Open Access model. Bragantia is committed to open science initiatives and offers reviewers and corresponding authors the right to disclose their identities by using the Open Science Compliance Form, which must be submitted as a supplementary file with the manuscript. The journal also accepts articles previously published in preprint repositories such as SciELO Preprints.

Authors are permitted to deposit all versions of their work—Preprint (Submitted Version), Accepted Manuscript (Accepted Version of the Manuscript), Published Article (Record Version)—in an institutional or thematic repository, without embargo.

Bragantia encourages authors to share their data in trusted repositories such as Dryad, Figshare, Zenodo, Mendeley Data and OSF.

Bragantia is committed to high standards of ethical behavior in management and editorial practices, with an emphasis on relationships with authors and, mainly, in the evaluation of their manuscripts, under procedures established by international institutions, such as the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) (Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) (Transparency & Best Practice), Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association (OASPA) (Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) (Code of Good Scientific Practices), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) (Guidelines on Best Practices for Strengthening Ethics in Scientific Publication). 

The Editor-in-Chief, Associate Editors, and Editorial Board are committed to meeting the needs of readers and authors while ensuring the quality of published material. To maintain the integrity of the academic record and uphold intellectual standards, they strictly prohibit any form of plagiarism or data fraud. They are also prepared to publish corrections, clarifications, or retractions when necessary, in accordance with the Guidelines for Good Practices in Scientific Publishing.

Bragantia adheres to international guidelines for good practice, recommended principles for investigating cases of research misconduct, and texts suggested by the World Science Forum and the Council of Scientific Editors when conducting investigations into international misconduct.

Bragantia publishes original scientific papers in English on Agricultural Sciences. The following areas are accepted: Basic Area (Botany, Cytogenetics, Plant Physiology, Biotechnology, Molecular Biology, and Phytochemistry); Crop Breeding; Crop Production; Crop Protection; Soil and Plant Nutrition; Seed and Fiber Technology; Postharvest Technology; Irrigation; and Agrometeorology.

Bragantia adheres to the SciELO Program Digital Preservation Policy.

Bragantia utilizes the PKP Preservation Network system to establish a distributed archiving system among participating libraries, enabling them to create permanent journal archives for preservation and future access.

• CABI Abstracts
• Internet Archive
• Latindex
• National Library of Australia Catalogue
• SciELO
• Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science)
• Scopus (Elsevier)
• WorldCat

• Journal title: Bragantia 
• Abbreviated title: Bragantia
• Published by: Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
• Frequency: Annual
• Publication type: Continuous publication
• Year of journal creation: 1941

Bragantia Journal – https://www.iac.sp.gov.br/publicacoes/Bragantia.php

Bragantia recommends that authors deposit manuscripts as preprints to accelerate the circulation of article data before peer review. A preprint is a manuscript ready for submission to a journal and deposited on reliable servers before or in parallel with submission to a journal. Preprints are optional for authors, and it is assumed that, when submitting the manuscript, the name of the preprint server and the respective DOI are provided in the submission system. Articles submitted as preprints share with journals the originality of publication. Manuscripts submitted as preprints remain eligible for publication in Bragantia, provided that the content has not been previously published in a journal or simultaneously submitted elsewhere. The recommended preprint repositories are bioRxiv, AgriRxiv, EmeRI, and SciELO Preprints.

The use of preprints is at the author’s discretion. When submitting an article to the journal via the Open Science Compliance Form, authors must provide the name of the preprint server and the corresponding DOI. The review process will then proceed according to Bragantia’s standard workflow.

Bragantia is committed to Open Science communication practices and employs either a single-blind or double-blind peer review system. Under the single-blind model, the authors’ identities are disclosed to the reviewers, who may, at their discretion, reveal their own identities and engage in direct communication with the authors. Under the double-blind model, both authors and reviewers remain anonymized throughout the evaluation process. The name of the associate editor responsible for managing the manuscript is disclosed in the final published version of the article.

Manuscripts are selected for review based on their originality, quality, and scientific merit. Those deemed suitable are evaluated by at least two independent expert reviewers. The Editorial Board ensures that reviewers are affiliated with institutions other than those of the authors. The Editor-in-Chief holds the ultimate responsibility for the acceptance or rejection of manuscripts, and this decision is final. The Editorial Committee evaluates submitted manuscripts with respect to their scope, adherence to submission standards, originality, relevance, and technical quality. Manuscripts that do not meet these criteria will either be rejected or returned to the authors for revision. Following this initial assessment, the manuscripts are subjected to a similarity analysis using the Similarity Check/iThenticate system to detect potential instances of plagiarism or content overlap with other published sources. In cases where significant similarities are identified - whether at the time of submission or during later stages of the process - Bragantia will proceed in accordance with the Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors established by COPE.

The opinions expressed in the published articles are the sole responsibility of the authors. Bragantia reserves the right to make minor editorial adjustments to ensure consistency and uniformity of the publication, provided that such changes are communicated to and approved by the authors.

As described above, each manuscript is evaluated by at least two reviewers with recognized expertise in the subject area. Reviewers may recommend acceptance as submitted, request minor or major revisions, or recommend rejection. They are required to declare the absence of conflicts of interest, exercise impartial and fair judgment, and provide objective evaluations. Reviewers must identify relevant works not cited by the authors and must treat all manuscripts as strictly confidential.

A conflict of interest is understood to exist when an author (or the institution with which the author is affiliated), reviewer, or editor has financial or personal relationships that could inappropriately influence their actions or decisions. Not all relationships, however, constitute an actual conflict; this depends on whether the individual considers that such relationships may impair their capacity to make unbiased scientific judgments. Financial relationships - including employment, consulting, stock ownership, or paid expert testimony - are the most easily identifiable sources of conflict of interest. Conflicts may also arise from personal relationships, academic competition, or strong intellectual commitments.

Manuscripts requiring revision will be returned to the authors, who must submit a revised version accompanied by a response letter to the editor addressing each of the reviewers’ recommendations. All modifications and newly added text must be clearly highlighted in the manuscript. If the authors disagree with any of the reviewers’ suggestions, they must provide a reasoned justification. Once the revised version has been examined, the editor will decide whether the changes satisfactorily address the recommendations or, if necessary, forward the manuscript for an additional round of review.

Authors may track the entire editorial process at any time through the journal’s online management system. For each round of review, the deadline for submitting a revised version is 30 days. Failure to meet this deadline will result in the automatic cancellation of the process and the archiving of the manuscript. In exceptional circumstances, authors may request an extension, subject to approval by the journal. When reviewers’ recommendations are conflicting, the Editorial Committee may request an additional (third) review.

As described above, the name of the Section Associate Editor is published in the PDF version of the article. The identities of the reviewers may also be disclosed, provided that they have given their consent after consultation.

Bragantia recommends that authors, whenever applicable, deposit and share the data, codes and/or methods used in the production of the manuscript, with the corresponding author being responsible for informing, during the submission process, the chosen repository, enabling access to reviewers and editors, except for ethical, privacy, or confidentiality reasons.

To ensure complete transparency, Bragantia requires authors to declare the availability of their research data. For data not deposited in public repositories, authors must state that they are available upon request and explain the reasons why they are not publicly available. It must be noted that data sharing does not apply to any article where no dataset was generated or analyzed during the study. 

Research data includes, but is not limited to, raw data, processed data, spreadsheets, statistics, laboratory notebooks, field notebooks, questionnaires, photographs, methodologies, standards, and protocols. 

Authors may use their institution’s data repository or choose from the repositories recommended at re3data.org or SciELO List of repositories for depositing research data. Other options are Dryad, Figshare, Zenodo, Mendeley Data, and OSF.

For accepted manuscripts, the corresponding author must contribute to the Article Processing Fee for editorial services supporting the publication process, such as editing, reviewing, indexing, and dissemination.

The publication fee is R$ 90.00 (Brazilian Reais) per final PDF page. This fee is charged only for manuscripts that have been accepted for publication.

Bragantia is committed to the best practices on ethics in the management of manuscripts, involving authors, editors, and reviewers on ethical and responsible behavior:

Authors: By submitting manuscripts, authors undertake to respect scientific integrity practices, strictly observe the criteria for attribution of authorship, and report the individual contributions of each author. They must also declare all potential conflicts of interest concerning the submitted article and provide information on previous publications, presentation of the work, academic affiliations, and funding sources. Authors must undertake to cite and provide correct references to all articles, data, and other documents mentioned in the article. The submitting author assumes, on behalf of all coauthors, responsibility for the integrity of the research and the manuscript’s content, as well as for making corrections or retractions, if necessary. Whenever applicable, certificates from the ethics committees that approved the research must be presented at the time of submission.

Editors: Editors undertake to adopt and maintain editorial neutrality and impartiality and to ensure that published manuscripts comply with internationally established ethical recommendations. They must verify that the research has been approved by ethics committees, requiring certificates if these have not been presented. When assigned to manage the manuscript evaluation process, editors must take measures to identify and prevent the publication of papers that present research misconduct. They also deal appropriately with formal allegations of scientific misconduct and continually improve the journal and its content, including the publication of corrections, retractions, clarifications, and apologies whenever necessary. Editors must declare potential conflicts of interest in evaluating manuscripts and act to prevent those involving authors and reviewers that may compromise the ethical standards of the publication. The name of the editor responsible for managing the evaluation process will be published in the PDF version of the approved articles.

Reviewers: Only reviewers who are able and available to prepare a review with the highest scientific rigor within the defined deadline and who have no conflicts of interest that could influence their evaluation or recommendation should accept the invitation to review. Those who participate in the evaluation process must assess the work under the best academic and scientific integrity practices and point out any instances of scientific misconduct. They also undertake to maintain the confidentiality of the documents they receive and of the process itself. 

Published articles that contain seriously flawed data, such that their findings and conclusions cannot be trusted, may be retracted to correct the scientific record. After a discussion with the corresponding author, the author may request additions, corrections, and retractions or initiate them by the Editor-in-chief. Readers who identify material errors in third-party work should contact the corresponding author of the respective paper directly. All additions, corrections, and retractions are subject to approval by the Editor-in-Chief. Minor corrections and additions, however, will not be published. The corresponding author must obtain approval from all coauthors before requesting/submitting additions, corrections, and retractions or provide evidence that such approval was requested. The originally published article will remain on the web, except in extraordinary circumstances.

When a published article requires a retraction, errata or an addendum, the following guides will be used, respectively: Guide for the Publication of Retraction; Guide for the Publication of Erratum; and Guide for the Publication of Addendum.

If plagiarism is detected in a published article, after an internal investigation, a letter will be sent immediately to all authors, their affiliated institutions, and funding agencies, if applicable, and the article will subsequently be retracted.

Conflicts of interest can occur when authors, reviewers, or editors have interests that may influence the preparation or evaluation of manuscripts. Conflicts of interest can be personal, commercial, political, academic, or financial. 

When submitting a manuscript, authors are responsible for acknowledging and disclosing financial or other conflicts that may have influenced the work. If there is, even potentially, a conflict of interest, the author(s) must disclose it in a signed document attached to the submission platform. For more information, see the Disclosure of Financial and Non-Financial Relationships, Activities, and Conflicts of Interest.

Potential conflicts of interest include employment, consultancy, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. Authors may disclose any conflicts or declare their absence, which will be published if the article is accepted. Detailed disclosures will be included in the journal records.

For Bragantia the following relationships between editors and authors are considered conflicts and must be avoided: current colleagues, recent colleagues, recent coauthors, and master’s and doctoral students for whom the editor served as committee chair. After the assignment of articles, an editor must inform the Editor-in-Chief of any conflicts not listed here. If none of the editors pass all the conflict tests, the manuscript will be assigned to the coeditors with the fewest conflicts. Additionally, the least conflicting coeditors are assigned to all articles submitted for review by the handling editors. Submissions to the journal are also assigned to reviewers to minimize conflicts of interest. After the articles are assigned, reviewers are asked to inform the editor of any potential conflicts.

Bragantia uses the Similarity Check/iThenticate system to evaluate the content of all submitted manuscripts. Articles that show significant percentages of similarity with other texts on the web will be automatically rejected. As described above, Bragantia aims to publish high-quality original research; submission of a manuscript to this journal indicates that the study has not been published or submitted to another scientific publication. If the author(s) is(are) using any part of a published article (in English or another language), they must provide proper citation or, when necessary, obtain permission from the previous publisher or copyright holder (whichever is more appropriate).

Hiding the use of AI tools is an ethical failure that violates the transparency of scientific publishing. Therefore, Bragantia establishes the following recommendations for the actors involved in the process:

Authors: Authorship entails responsibilities and tasks that can only be assigned to and performed by human beings. Bragantia tolerates the use of AI by authors to improve the clarity and language of the work. The application of technology must be done with human supervision and control, and authors must carefully review and edit the results. Authors must disclose the use of AI and AI-assisted technologies in both the abstract and the methods section.

Authors must not list AI and AI-assisted technologies as authors or coauthors nor cite them in the text. Bragantia does not permit using generative AI or AI-assisted tools to create or alter images in submitted manuscripts unless AI or AI-assisted tools are part of the research design or research methods. 

Editors: Editors are called upon to address the effects of AI use and content on publication when employed/used to perform or generate analytical work or report results. Editors must be prepared and supported to conduct scientific scrutiny and ensure the quality and integrity of published scientific papers. In particular, editors are responsible for avoiding misinformation that could lead to adverse consequences and potential harm to individuals. At the same time, editors must adhere to established ethical and editorial standards and best practices, including documenting any assistance from AI tools or resources during the reception, review, and editing processes. For manuscripts that are not preprints, the editor should not submit them to services that could cause the identities and content to leak. Upon detecting any ethical flaws in the manuscript, the editor must follow the editorial office’s ethical standards of good practices.

Reviewers: When the manuscript received is not a preprint, the reviewer should not submit the manuscript to services that may cause the leaking of identities and content. Such as editors, reviewers are called upon to address the effects of AI use and content on the publication when employed/used to perform or generate analytical work or to report the results (which are expected to be indicated by the author in the Abstract and Methods). In particular, reviewers are called upon to avoid misinformation that may lead to adverse consequences and potential harm. Any use of AI applications and content must follow ethical standards and good practices and be documented in the reviews.

The editorial team of Bragantia, along with the authors who publish in the journal, follows the Guidelines on Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) for reporting information on sex and gender in study design, data analysis, and the results and interpretation of findings.

Bragantia is committed to the Principles of Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility (DEIA) in its practices, aiming to expand knowledge and improve the human condition. Bragantia aims to address systemic inequalities and biases, promote equitable opportunities for authors, and foster an inclusive environment for the development of all stakeholders involved in publishing. Thus, it contributes to the advancement of these principles within the scientific community in the field of agricultural sciences.

Section editors are guided and motivated to:

• Improve diversity in the selection of reviewers; 
• Encourage authors to adopt more inclusive citation practices in their decisions; 
• Promote inclusive language.

The Editor-in-Chief, mindful of the importance of diversity and aware of the barriers faced in publication by authors, editors, and reviewers from historically excluded populations - whether on the basis of race, geographic origin, gender, class, sexuality, disability, or other factors - seeks to: 

• Avoid discrepancies in article acceptance by fostering greater diversity among authors, reviewers, and editors;
• Mitigate the risk and impact of biases in the review process; 
• Explore alternative procedures to identify and interrupt biases; 
• Adopt standards that promote an inclusive culture.

Manuscripts reporting studies involving human or animal experimentation will not be considered for review and will be returned to the authors without evaluation.

By submitting a manuscript to Bragantia, authors take full responsibility for ensuring that their research has been approved by the appropriate institutional ethics committee and conducted in accordance with all applicable ethical standards.

All Bragantia content, except where identified, is licensed under a Creative Commons License CC BY 4.0.

The license provides free and immediate access to the work. It allows any user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search the full texts of the articles or create links to them, track the articles for indexing, use them as data for software or use them for any other legal purpose, including commercial purposes, as long as due credit is given.

Once the manuscript is approved, the authors automatically grant an exclusive license to publish the submitted article in electronic format, including photographs that can be used to promote the article through social media.

Authors of published articles retain copyright to their work and license it under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Bragantia encourages authors to self-archive their accepted manuscripts by posting them on personal blogs, institutional repositories, academic networking sites, or social media, provided that the complete citation to the journal’s official version is included.

Gabriel Constantino Blain, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/2764888655397639, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8832-7734, e-mail: gabriel.blain@sp.gov.br

Cristina Maria Pacheco Barbosa, Instituto de Zootecnia (IZ), Nova Odessa, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6513696915993097, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0386-6291, e-mail: cristina.barbosa@sp.gov.br

Lúcia Helena Signori Melo de Castro, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/8390113127900248, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5872-4813, e-mail: luciahsmc@gmail.com

Ana Victória Vieira Martins Monteiro, Instituto de Economia Agrícola (IEA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/4395986162929461, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4044-9585, e-mail: ana.monteiro@sp.gov.br

Fabiana Garcia Scaloppi, Instituto de Pesca (IP), Votuporanga, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. http://lattes.cnpq.br/6350159284811902, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2475-745X, e-mail: fabiana.scaloppi@sp.gov.br

Silvia Regina Galleti, Instituto Biológico (IB), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. http://lattes.cnpq.br/1652874165339954, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0745-5716, e-mail: silvia.galleti@sp.gov.br

Claire Isabel Grígoli de Luca Sarantópoulos, Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos (ITAL), Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1874179523031182, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8172-7177, e-mail: claire@ital.sp.gov.br

Patrícia Cia, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0981122362180131, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3499-7721, e-mail: pcia@sp.gov.br

Alberto Cargnelutti Filho, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0233728865094243, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8608-9960, e-mail: alberto.cargnelutti.filho@gmail.com 

Aline Renée Coscione, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1566386847094104, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8331-603X, e-mail: aline.coscione@sp.gov.br

Andrea Inés Irigoyen, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Balcarce, Argentina. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6358-0327 e-mail: airigoyenar@yahoo.com.ar

Bruce Topp, The University of Queensland (UWA), Nambour, Australia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5647-3737 e-mail: bruce.Topp@daf.qld.gov.au

Carlos Alberto Scapim, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná/PR, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/8273173254016872, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7047-9606, e-mail: cascapim@uem.br

Christian Cilas, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7658-1866, e-mail: christian.cilas@cirad.fr

Cláudia Sales Marinho, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1285405965070222, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6636-6468, e-mail: marinho@uenf.br

Daniel Alexandre Neuwald, Competence Center for Fruit Growing (KOB), Ravensburg, Germany. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7666-4271, e-mail: neuwald@kob-bavendorf.de

Fabrício de Ávila Rodrigues, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6811505291997911, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3091-0000, e-mail: fabricio@ufv.br

Fernando César Bachiega Zambrosi, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/4097579744637000, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9376-3346, e-mail: fernando.zambrosi@sp.gov.br

Freddy Mora, Universidad de Talca (UTALCA), Talca/Región del Maule, Chile. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4845-3549, e-mail: morapoblete@gmail.com

Juliana Sanches, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Jundiaí, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5175381364549830, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4139-1509, e-mail: juliana.sanches@sp.gov.br

Hector Valenzuela, University of Hawaii at Manoa (UHManoa), Honolulu/Hawaii, United States. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8415-5453, e-mail: hector@hawaii.edu

Ivo Zution Gonçalves, University of Nebraska (NU), Lincoln/NE, United States. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8070-9292, e-mail: ivo.zution@gmail.com

Luciana Aparecida Carlini Garcia, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1913614242849994, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8098-4227, e-mail:  luciana.garcia@sp.gov.br 

Luís Garrigós Leite, Instituto Biológico (IB), Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6302000240655920, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7947-5698 e-mail: lgleite@biologico.sp.gov.br

Montserrat Valcárcel-Armesto, Universidade de Santiago de Campostela (USC), Lugo, Spain. ORCID: https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-1388-6061, e-mail: monts.valcárcel@usc.es

Osvaldo Guedes Filho, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso/MT, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9177335062472972, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8550-8505, e-mail:  osvaldoguedes@ufpr.br

Rafael Vasconcelos Ribeiro, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3707634488541457, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1148-6777, e-mail: rvr@unicamp.br

Renan Santos Uhdre, Washington State University (WSU), Pullman/ Washington, United States, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3716695376269882, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2060-0241, e-mail: renan.uhdre@wsu.edu

Ricardo Fabiano Hettwer Giehl, Leibniz-Institute for Plant Genetics & Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben/Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1006-3163, e-mail: hetgiehl@yahoo.com.br

Robson Marcelo Di Piero, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC),  Florianópolis, Santa Catarina/SC, Brazil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7598014282202174, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3742-5582, e-mail: robson.piero@ufsc.br

Maria Regina de Oliveira Camargo, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. e-mail: revbrag@iac.gov.br

Ana Morais, Linceu Editorial, São José dos Campos, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Email: ana.morais@linceu.com.br

The manuscript must follow the journal’s standards described in the Preparation of Manuscripts and must be written in English. The content of a manuscript submitted to Bragantia is of exclusive responsibility of the author(s). The article types accepted for evaluation are:

Research articles and review articles must not exceed 30 double-spaced pages (A4 paper with 3 cm margins, Times New Roman font size 12, sequentially numbered pages and lines), including tables and figures. 

Short commu nications must report previous results of ongoing research. They must not exceed 15 double-spaced pages (A4 paper with 3 cm margins, Times New Roman font size 12, sequentially numbered pages and lines), including tables and figures.

The use of copyrighted material, such as figures, tables, drawings, etc., from other sources (including the Internet) requires written permission. Authors are solely responsible for obtaining the required permissions and presenting them at the time of submission.

Bragantia does not publish translated articles from other journals.

Bragantia accepts manuscripts already published in preprint, considered reliable by the editorial committee. As described above, this information must be provided in the Open Science Compliance Form, that must be submitted as a supplementary file to the manuscript.

The authors’ contribution statement must accurately reflect contributions of each author to the work according to: Conceptualization [Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims]; Data Curation [Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data and maintain research data (including software code, where it is necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later reuse]; Formal Analysis [Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyze or synthesize study data]; Funding Acquisition [Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication]; Investigation [Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection]; Methodology [Development or design of methodology; creation of models]; Project Administration [Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution]; Resources [Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools]; Software [Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components]; Supervision [Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team]; Validation [Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs]; Visualization [Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/data presentation]; Writing – Original Draft Preparation [Creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substantive translation)]; Writing – Review & Editing [Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary or revision – including pre- or post-publication stages].

Regardless of the contribution and the registration system, all authors are equally responsible for the article content.

The manuscript must be written in English, digitized as a Microsoft Office document (.docx), in 12-pt Times New Roman, double-spaced throughout, with justified paragraphs and one space after a period. Do not try to fit the manuscript in the final journal’s template. Top-level headings must be centered on the page, using upper and lowercase letters. Second-level headings must be flush left and italicized, using upper and lowercase letters, without numbering. Authors are also strongly advised to use abbreviations sparingly whenever possible to improve the manuscript’s readability. Do not include a list of symbols, nomenclature, and/or abbreviations. Instead, define them the first time they appear in the text. The editorial office can edit accepted manuscripts to comply with the journal’s format, remove redundancies, and improve clarity and understanding without altering meaning. The edited text will be presented to the authors for approval.

Authors must write a cover letter in the “Comments to the Editor” presenting the manuscript and explaining the main contribution to the Agricultural Sciences. The letter must indicate that the manuscript has not been submitted for publication elsewhere, except to preprint servers. In this case, authors must indicate the server’s name in the Open Science Compliance Form.

The names of the authors and coauthors must be included in the online system in the same order they appear in the final work.

If the open review process has been accepted, the authorship must be indicated in the manuscript to enable the reviewers to contact the authors during the review process. If the open review process has not been accepted by the authors, please do not indicate the authorship in the manuscript. This latter statement holds for “Acknowledgments,” which may be included if the manuscript is accepted for publication and for “Author Contributions,” which—as previously described—must be described only in the submission system.

Manuscripts must be submitted electronically at http://mc04.manuscriptcentral.com/brag-scielo.

If possible, manuscripts should include the following subsections (described below). Please do not number the sections. Use different styles to differentiate subsections:

Title: The title must reflect the content of the work and must not contain abbreviations, subtitles, formulas, equations, or symbols. The scientific name must be indicated in the title only if the species is unknown. 

Names of authors: All authors must be identified by their full name, ORCID, email, institution to which they are related (up to three instances), city, state, and country. One of them must be indicated as the corresponding author, and must provide an e-mail address.

Abstract: It is limited to 250 words. Citations or abbreviations (except for internationally recognized ones, such as weights, measures, and physical or chemical units) are not permitted. The abstract must clearly and concisely state the research goal, briefly describe the methods, and present the most relevant results and conclusions. It must not contain references.

Keywords: Authors must accurately select three to six keywords. The keywords must not repeat words from the title and must include the scientific name of species, when applicable. Keywords must be separated by commas and begin with lowercase letters, including the first term. A keyword may be composed of two or more words.

Introduction: It must set the purpose of the study, provide a summary (not a review) of previous relevant studies, and state the new advances in the current investigation. The introduction must not include data or conclusions from the work being reported. A final sentence summarizing the novel finding to be presented is permissible. The Introduction must not exceed two pages. It must include the rationale for conducting the work, placing the importance of the scientific problem. The information contained in the Introduction must be sufficient to clearly establish the hypothesis of the research. 

Material and Methods: This section must describe the experimental conditions and methods in sufficient detail for the work to be replicated. Formulas, expressions, or mathematical equations must be left-aligned. Include references to statistical analyses and report any data transformations. Indications of statistical significance must be formatted as follows: p <0.01 or p> 0.05 (“p” in lower case).

Results and Discussion: The authors must present the research results and discuss them in order to relate the variables examined to the objectives of the study. The mere comparison of results with data presented by other authors does not constitute a proper discussion. Authors must avoid excessive speculation and data must not be presented both in tables and figures.

Conclusion: This section must answer the question addressed in the research, confirming or refuting the hypothesis of the work, according to the objectives. Authors must be aware that the conclusion is not a summary of the main results.

References: Acceptable references include journal articles, numbered papers, books, and submitted articles if the journal is identified. References must be restricted to directly relevant papers or abstracts that have been accepted for publication. Self-citation must be limited to a minimum. Authors are responsible for the accuracy and completeness of their references.

Conflict of interest: Authors must indicate any conflicts of interest.

Declaration of use of artificial intelligence tools: Authors must mention the use of any AI tool in the preparation of the manuscript.

Availability of research data: One of the following options must be provided:

• “The data are available at:” (cite the repository and the DOI of the deposited data);
• “Data will be provided upon request.”;
• “All data were generated or analyzed in this study.”

Authors’ contribution: Bragantia endorses the CRediT taxonomy for contributor roles. To assume responsibility for the content of the research, all authors must have contributed significantly to at least one of the following roles: Conceptualization; Investigation; Methodology; Formal Analysis; Data Curation; Project Administration; Funding Acquisition; Resources; Writing; Validation and Supervision; Final Approval.

Funding: All sources of financial support for the preparation of the manuscript must be declared in this section. The funding agency should be written out in full, followed by its Research Organization Registry (ROR) identifier and the grant number. If multiple grant numbers from the same agency or from different agencies are involved, all should be listed. If the research did not receive a specific project grant, the following statement should be included: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Acknowledgments: They must include the collaboration of people, groups or institutions that deserve recognition but do not have their inclusion as authors justified.

Important recommendations: In case of work involving tillage, the history of the area must be informed. Work related to the chemical control of pests and diseases (both natural and synthetic) and studies involving micropropagation and tissue culture will not be considered for publication in Bragantia. In the case of plant growth regulators, biostimulants, and other chemicals, the work must necessarily establish a well-founded hypothesis, and the chemical agent must be used to test that hypothesis and answer the question raised in the article.

When absolutely necessary to the understanding of the work, tables and figures should be shown in the text. The table or figure and its respective caption must be self-explanatory. The titles of tables and figures must be clear and complete, including the name (common or scientific) of the species and the dependent variables, when applicable. The journal considers as figures: graphs, drawings, maps, and photographs used to illustrate the text. For composite figures, each graph must be marked with a lowercase letter, e.g., “(a)”.

Tables: Tables must be numbered in order of appearance in the text, using Arabic numerals. Each table must have a title and an explanatory note, if necessary. All tables must be referenced and mentioned in the text as “Table” and briefly described. Under no circumstances must a table repeat data that are presented in an illustration. Statistical measures of variation (i.e., standard deviation or standard error) must be identified, and decimal places in tabular data must be restricted to those with mathematical and statistical significance.

Tables must not have vertical lines and, like figures, must be placed after the reference list. Tables must be accompanied by their respective captions, with the units following the International System of Units and positioned at the top of the columns. In case of compound units, the magnitudes must be separated by centered dot and an indication of the denominators must be rated in superscript. Examples: (µmol·m-2 s-1), [mg (g·MS)-1].

Figures: All illustrations, line graphs, charts, schemes, photographs, and diagrams must be referred to as “Figure” and submitted with high definition (JPEG files with a minimum resolution of 300 dpi and a width of 12 cm). Otherwise, authors will be requested to withdraw them from the text. Number the figures consecutively using Arabic numerals in order of appearance. Each figure must be referenced in the text using the abbreviated form “Fig.” except if they are mentioned at the beginning of the sentences. Captions must be descriptive enough to allow the figures to be understood without reference to the text. Authors may paste images into a Microsoft Word document but must also send the images as separate JPEG files when required.

Equations: They must be typed on individual lines in 12-pt Times New Roman, with symbols in italics, and identified by Arabic numerals enclosed in parentheses. Each equation must be referenced in the text using the abbreviated form “Eq.” except at the beginning of the sentences, where the full word “Equation” must be used.

Bragantia uses the name-year system (CSE Style) for citations in the text, which must always be followed by the year of publication. When two authors are cited, indicate them by their surnames separated by the word “and”; for more than two authors, indicate the first author by the surname followed by the expression “et al.”; if more than one article of the same author(s) in the same year is cited, distinguish them by using lowercase letters after the year; e.g., Huber (1981) or (Huber 1981); Steel and Torrie (1980) or (Steel and Torrie 1980); Haag et al. (1992) or (Haag et al. 1992); and Haag et al. (1992 a, b).

Citations to theses, dissertations, personal communications, unpublished reports, and papers published in conference annals will not be accepted.

References must be ordered alphabetically by the first author’s surname, according to the CSE Style. After the authors’ names, insert the year of publication in parentheses followed by a period, the article title followed by a period, the journal title (without abbreviation) followed by a comma, the volume, the edition in parentheses followed by a comma, the page range followed by a period, and the DOI without a period. Books and book chapters may only be included when absolutely necessary.

The DOI number is mandatory for each reference listed and must be active. When this is impossible, provide the URL where the article is available. Only references that are strictly necessary for understanding the article must be cited. Bragantia recommends around 25 references to articles and scientific notes.

References must be standardized according to the examples: 

Journals 

Blain, G. C., Kayano, M. T., Sentelhas, P. C. and Lulu, J. (2009). Possible influences of Pacific Decadal Oscillation on the ten-day-based ratio between actual and potential evapotranspiration in the region of Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil. Bragantia, 68, 773-782. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0006-87052009000300029

Hayhoe, K., Wake, C. P., Huntington, T. G., Luo, L., Schwartz, M. D., Sheffield, J., Wood, E., Anderson, B., Bradbury, J., DeGaetano, A., Troy, T. J. and Wolfe, D. (2007). Past and future changes in climate and hydrological indicators in the U.S. Northeast. Climate Dynamics, 28, 381-407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-006-0187-8

Books and book chapters 

Conrad, V. and Pollak, C. (1950). Methods in Climatology (2nd ed.). London: Harvard University Press.

Miranda, J. C. C. (2008). Cerrado: micorriza arbuscular, ocorrência e manejo. Planaltina: Embrapa. 

Huber, D. M. (1981). The role of nutrients and chemicals. In M. J. C. Asher, and P. J. Shipton (Eds.), Biology and control of take-all (p. 317-341). London: Academic Press.

Research data

The citation of research data must follow the same general principles as journal references and must include: Authors; Year; Dataset title; Data repository or archive; Version (if any); Persistent identifier:

Ex: Salman, H. 2020, Synthetic-Aperture Radar (SAR) based Ice types/Ice edge dataset for deep learning analysis, DataverseNO, V, https://doi.org/10.18710/QAYI4O

The author, as the responsible party for the submission, plays a crucial role in maintaining the academic integrity of the manuscript. It is essential to inform whether the manuscript cites the data, software codes, and other materials underlying the articles. If so, the respective URLs must be provided; otherwise, the author must justify this. This can be done using the Open Science Compliance Form, a tool that ensures transparency and accountability in research.

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Phone: +55 19 2137-0653
E-mail: revbrag@iac.gov.br

Instituto Agronômico de Campinas
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Phone.: +55 19 2137-0653; 2137-0666
E-mail: bragantia@iac.sp.gov.br

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