Secular trend in height and associated factors among adolescents in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, between 2007 and 2017/2018

Miranda, Clair Costa; Marco, Jean Carlos Parmigiani De; Pinto, André de Araújo; Pelegrini, Andreia

doi:10.1590/1984-0462/2025/43/2024159

Tabla de contenido Anterior Actual Siguiente

Tabla de contenido

Original Article • Rev. paul. pediatr. 43 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/2025/43/2024159 linkcopy

Secular trend in height and associated factors among adolescents in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, between 2007 and 2017/2018

Tendência secular da estatura e fatores associados entre adolescentes de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil, entre 2007 e 2017/2018

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective To assess the secular trend in height among adolescents in Florianópolis between 2007 and 2017/2018, and identify factors associated with height by sex.

Methods The sample included 664 adolescents from public schools in 2007 and 1,008 in 2017/2018. Height was the dependent variable, with age, economic status, sexual maturity, physical activity, body fat (skinfold thickness), and fat-free mass as independent variables. Analysis of covariance evaluated the secular trend, and multiple linear regression identified associated factors.

Results There was a positive secular trend in height in both sexes when comparing the two surveys, with average increases of 3.5 cm in both sexes. Fat-free mass was a positive predictor and body fat was a negative predictor of height in both sexes. Additionally, physical activity emerged as a negative predictor of height specifically in boys.

Conclusions The research revealed a positive secular trend in the height of adolescents in Florianópolis. Fat-free mass contributes positively to gains in height, whereas body fat provides a negative contribution.

Keywords:
Growth and development; Obesity; Public health; Pediatric

Male		2007 (n=238) Mean±SD	2017/18 (n=513) Mean±SD	p-value*
Age (years)		16.2±1.2	16.6±1.1	<0.001
Economic status (score)		18.8±3.4	40.1±11.1	<0.001‡
Height (cm)		173.0±7.0	177.1±7.1	<0.001
Body weight (kg)		63.8±11.2	66.7±12.9	0.005
Body fat (%)		16.7±5.7	17.8±6.7	0.210
Body fat (kg)		11.1±5.7	12.5±7.0	0.049
FFM (kg)		52.8±7.1	54.3±7.8	0.006
Physical activity (min/day)		115.7±141.6	85.6±103.9	<0.001
Sexual maturation, n (%)
	Pre-pubescent	0 (0.0)	2 (0.4)	<0.001†
	Pubescent	48 (20.2)	216 (42.1)
	Post-pubescent	190 (79.8)	295 (57.5)
Female		2007 (n=426) Mean±SD	2017/18 (n=492) Mean±SD	p-value*
Age (years)		16.1±1.1	16.4±1.1	<0.001
Economic status (score)		17.7±3.7	38.1±10.6	<0.001‡
Height (m)		161,3±6.2	165.6± 6.2	<0.001
Body weight (kg)		55.0±10.8	58.0±11.5	<0.001
Body fat (%)		26.5±5.5	26.6±5.7	0.711
Body fat (kg)		14.9±5.3	15.8±5.9	0.035
FFM (kg)		40.1±6.8	42.2±7.0	<0.001
Physical activity (min/day)		77.5±85.6	49.2±78.3	<0.001
Sexual maturation, n (%)
	Pre-pubescent	0 (0.0)	10 (2.0)	<0.001†
	Pubescent	229 (53.8)	324 (65.9)
	Post-pubescent	197 (46.2)	158 (32.1)

		2007		2017/18		Δ	f	η²	p-value
		n	adjusted mean (95%CI)	n	adjusted mean (95%CI)	Δ	f	η²	p-value
Height
	Male	238	173.4 (172.70–174.15)	513	176.9 (176.40–177.38)	3.5	57.52	0.07	<0.001
	Female	426	161.8 (161.23–162.27)	492	165.2 (164.72–165.68)	3.5	87.01	0.09	<0.001

	Male
	B±SE	95%CI	β	R²	p-value
Constant	145.53±3.25	139.10–151.91		43.4%	<0.001
Survey	3.46± 0.46	2.57–4.36	0.22		<0.001
Age	-0.29±0.19	-0.66–0.09	-0.04		0.131
Economic level	0.20±025	-0.30–0.70	0.02		0.426
Sexual maturation	0.16±0.44	-0.70–1.01	0.01		0.722
Physical activity	-0.01± 0.00	-0.01–-0.00	-0.09		0.002
Body fat (%)	-0.25±0.03	-0.32–-0.20	-0.22		<0.001
FFM	0.62±0.03	0.56–0.68	0.64		<0.001
	Female
	B±SE	95%CI	β	R²	p-value
Constant	143.32±2.90	137.63–149.02		34.6%	<0.001
Survey	3.45±0.37	2.73–4.18	0.26		<0.001
Age	-0.08±0.17	-0.40–0.24	-0.01		0.629
Economic level	0.18±0.22	-0.24–0.60	0.02		0.355
Sexual maturation	0.22±0.37	-0.49–0.94	0.02		0.536
Physical activity,	0.00±0.00	-0.00–0.01	0.03		0.275
Body fat (%)	-0.15±0.03	-0.21–-0.09	-0.13		<0.001
FFM	0.47±0.03	0.42–0.52	0.50		<0.001

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[TFN1] ^*
Mann-Whitney's U-test;

[TFN2] ^†
χ².

[TFN2a] SD: standard deviation; FFM: fat-free mass.

[TFN3] ^‡
Differences may not reflect actual economic disparities due to varying measurement scales.