Overweight and associated factors in Basic Education teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic: gender differentials

SILVA, Nayra Suze Souza e; SANTOS, Bruna Nathália; BARBOSA, Rose Elizabeth Cabral; PINHO, Lucinéia de; SILVA, Rosângela Ramos Veloso; HAIKAL, Desirée Sant’Ana

doi:10.1590/1678-9865202235e210203

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ORIGINAL • Rev Nutr 35 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202235e210203 linkcopy

Overweight and associated factors in Basic Education teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic: gender differentials

Excesso de peso e fatores associados entre professores da Educação Básica durante a pandemia de Covid-19: diferenciais de sexo

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective To estimate the prevalence of overweight among teachers in Minas Gerais during the Covid-19 pandemic and to review relevant gender associated factors.

Methods Cross-sectional and analytical study, websurvey type, carried out with 15,641 teachers of public Basic Education in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data collection took place from August to September 2020 with the use of a digital form. The dependent variable was overweight, calculated by the body mass index using the teachers’ self-reported weight and height. Poisson regression was used, with robust variance.

Results Among the participating teachers, 52.4% were overweight. When stratified by gender, 51.1% women and 58.2% men were considered overweight, with a significant difference between them (p<0.001). There was a higher prevalence of overweight among women in the age group of 30 to 59 years (PR=1.39) and in women 60 years or older (PR=1.45) living in the metropolitan region of the state (PR=1.06) who had children (PR=1.19), who were not exercising (PR=1.09) and with a worse dietary pattern during the pandemic (PR=1.12), much afraid of Covid-19 (PR=1.04) and with anxiety and/or depression during the pandemic (PR=1.14). Among men, there was a higher prevalence of overweight among those individuals aged 30 to 59 years (PR=1.19), who lived with a spouse (PR=1.15) working more than 40 hours per week (PR=1.12) and those with the worst dietary pattern during the pandemic (PR=1.10).

Conclusion The results showed a 52.4% prevalence of overweight teachers and different associated factors between the genders.

Keywords
Body mass index; Coronavirus; Health surveys; Overweight; School teachers

Variables		Overweight*				PR _Crude (95% CI)	p-value
		No		Yes
		n	%	n	%
Demographic characteristics
	Age*						<0.001
	Less than 30 years	490	66.1	251	33.9	1.00
	30 to 59 years	5,461	47.9	5,944	52.1	1.53 (1.38;1.70)
	60 years or older	195	46.7	223	53.3	1.57 (1.37;1.80)
Metropolitan region of the state							0.003
	No	4,823	49.6	4,893	50.4	1.00
	Yes	1,328	46.4	1,531	53.6	1.06 (1.02;1.10)
Lives with spouse							<0.001
	No	2,085	51.3	1,983	48.7	1.00
	Yes	4,066	47.8	4,441	52.2	1.07 (1.03;1.11)
Has children							<0.001
	No	1,672	57.5	1,236	42.5	1.00
	Yes	4,479	46.3	5,188	53.7	1.26 (1.20;1.32)
Work conditions
Weekly teaching hours*							0.081
	Less than 40 hours	5,263	49.2	5,429	50.8	1.00
	40 hours or more	871	47.0	981	53.0	1.04 (0.99;1.09)
Dissatisfaction with teaching work DP							0.060
	No	4,176	49.5	4,260	50.5	1.00
	Yes	1,975	47.7	2,164	52.3	1.03 (0.99;1.07)
Had a lot of difficulty with teaching work DP							<0.001
	No	4,963	49.7	5,018	50.3	1.00
	Yes	1,188	45.8	1,406	54.2	1.07 (1.03;1.12)
Lifestyle and health
Physical exercise DP							<0.001
	Yes	3,584	51.7	3,346	48.3	1.00
	No	2,567	45.5	3,078	54.5	1.12 (1.09;1.16)
Computer use per day DP							0.361
	Less than 4 hours	603	50.2	599	49.8	1.00
	4 hours or more	5,548	48.8	5,825	51.2	1.02 (0.96;1.09)
Food DP							<0.001
	Best eating pattern	3,373	52.0	3,109	48.0	1.00
	Worst eating pattern	2,778	45.6	3,315	54.4	1.13 (1.09;1.17)
Adherence to social distancing							0.323
	Totally	5,042	48.7	5,309	51.3	1.00
	Partially / None	1,109	49.9	1,115	50.1	0.97 (0.93;1.02)
Tested positive for Covid-19							0.165
	No	6,081	49.0	6,333	51.0	1.00
	Yes	70	43.5	91	56.5	1.10 (0.96;1.27)
Showed a lot of fear of Covid-19							<0.001
	No	3,451	50.9	3,327	49.1	1.00
	Yes	2,700	46.6	3,097	53.4	1.08 (1.05;1.12)
Anxiety and/or depression DP							<0.001
	No	4,634	51.2	4,408	48.8	1.00
	Yes	1,517	42.9	2,016	57.1	1.17 (1.13;1.21)
Pandemic has affected sleep quality							<0.001
	No	2,670	51.6	2,500	48.4	1.00
	Yes	3,481	47.0	3,924	53.0	1.09 (1.05;1.13)

Variables		Overweight*				PR _Crude (95% CI)	p-value
		No		Yes
		n	%	n	%
Demographic characteristics
Age*							<0.001
	Less than 30 years	203	52.6	183	47.4	1.00
	30 to 59 years	917	39.7	1,392	60.3	1.27 (1.13;1.42)
	60 years or older	52	47.3	58	52.7	1.11 (0.90;1.36)
Metropolitan region of the state							<0.734
	No	894	41.6	1,253	58.4	1.00
	Yes	281	42.4	382	57.6	0.98 (0.91;1.06)
Lives with spouse							<0.001
	No	518	47.8	566	52.2	1.00
	Yes	657	38.1	1,069	61.9	1.18 (1.10;1.27)
Has children							<0.001
	No	594	45.8	704	54.2	1.00
	Yes	581	38.4	931	61.6	1.13 (1.06;1.21)
Work conditions
Weekly teaching hours*							<0.001
	Less than 40 hours	984	43.6	1,272	56.4	1.00
	40 hours or more	190	35.0	353	65.0	1.15 (1.07;1.23)
Dissatisfaction with teaching work DP							<0.135
	No	759	42.9	1,011	57.1	1.00
	Yes	416	40.0	624	60.0	1.05 (0.98;1.12)
Had a lot of difficulty with teaching work DP							<0.458
	No	949	42.2	1,302	57.8	1.00
	Yes	226	40.4	333	59.6	1.03 (0.95;1.11)
Lifestyle and health
Physical exercise DP							<0.042
	Yes	758	43.3	993	56.7	1.00
	No	417	39.4	642	60.6	1.06 (1.01;1.13)
Computer use per day DP							<0.324
	Less than 4 hours	145	44.3	182	55.7	1.00
	4 hours or more	1,030	41.5	1,453	58.5	1.05 (0.94;1.16)
Food DP							<0.002
	Best eating pattern	503	45.4	606	54.6	1.00
	Worst eating pattern	672	39.5	1,029	60.4	1.10 (1.03;1.18)
Adherence to social distancing							<0.259
	Totally	787	41.1	1,128	58.9	1.00
	Partially / None	388	43.4	507	56.6	0.96 (0.89;1.03)
Tested positive for Covid-19							<0.093
	No	1,170	42.0	1,619	58.0	1.00
	Yes	5	23.8	16	76.2	1.31 (1.03;1.67)
Showed much fear of Covid-19							<0.571
	No	801	42.2	1,098	57.8	1.00
	Yes	374	41.1	537	58.9	1.01 (0.95;1.09)
Anxiety and/or depression DP							<0.150
	No	997	42.4	1,354	57.6	1.00
	Yes	178	38.8	281	61.2	1.06 (0.98;1.15)
Pandemic has affected sleep quality							<0.046
	No	614	43.7	792	56.3	1.00
	Yes	561	40.0	843	60.0	1.06 (1.01;1.13)

Variables		Overweight*
		Women		Men
		PR (95% CI)	p-value	PR (95% CI)	p-value
Demographic characteristics
Age*			<0.001		<0.004
	Less than 30 years	1.00		1,00
	30 to 59 years	1.39 (1.25;1.54)		1.19 (1.06;1.33)
	60 years or older	1.45 (1.27;1.67)		1.05 (0.86;1.30)
Metropolitan region of the state			<0.001		-
	No	1.00		-
	Yes	1.06 (1.02;1.10)		-
Lives with spouse			-		<0.001
	No	-		1.00
	Yes	-		1.15 (1.07;1.23)
Has children			<0.001		-
	No	1.00		-
	Yes	1.19 (1.14;1.25)		-
Work conditions
Weekly teaching hours*			-		<0.001
	Less than 40 hours	-		1.00
	40 hours or more	-		1.12 (1.05;1.21)
Lifestyle and health
Physical exercise DP			<0.001		-
	Yes	1.00		-
	No	1.09 (1.05;1.12)		-
Food DP			<0.001		<0.002
	Best eating pattern	1.00		1.00
	Worst eating pattern	1.12 (1.08;1.16)		1.10 (1.03;1.18)
Showed a lot of fear of Covid-19			<0.015		-
	No	1.00		-
	Yes	1.04 (1.01;1.08)		-
Anxiety or depression DP			<0.001		-
	No	1.00		-
	Yes	1.14 (1.10;1.18)		-

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[1] Note:

[TFN01] ^*
Variation in n due to loss of information. Pregnant women were excluded from the analyzes (n=246). p-value: Pearson’s chi-square. CI: Confidence Interval; DP: During the Pandemic; Prevalence Ratio.