Association between work stress and dietary variety and diversity scores in ELSA-Brasil baseline participants

Loureiro, Beatriz Vidon Garcia; Fonseca, Maria de Jesus Mendes da; Barreto, Sandhi Maria; Alvim, Sheila Maria; Griep, Rosane Harter; Aguiar, Odaleia Barbosa de

doi:10.1590/1678-9865202538e240025

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ORIGINAL | Collective Health • Rev Nutr 38 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202538e240025 linkcopy

Association between work stress and dietary variety and diversity scores in ELSA-Brasil baseline participants

Associação entre o estresse psicossocial no trabalho e os escores de variedade e de diversidade da dieta em participantes da linha de base do ELSA-Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective To analyze the association between work-related stress and dietary variety and diversity scores in ELSA-Brasil participants.

Methods Cross-sectional study using data from ELSA-Brasil (2008-2010). Food frequency questionnaires were used to compile dietary variety and diversity scores. Psychological demand, work control and social support at work were assessed. Each dimension of the outcome variable was scored as the sum of all the items and categorized as adequate and inadequate, using the median (≥18) for variety and the highest number of items consumed (≥9) for diversity. For high psychological demand, high control and high social support, the medians were >14, >18 and >20, respectively. A logistic regression model was used, controlled for sociodemographic, lifestyle and health variables.

Results Individuals with high demand had higher odds of inadequate diet variety compared to those with low demand (OR 1.05, CI: 0.96-1.14) and those with high control (OR 1.21, CI: 1.11-1.32) compared to those with low control, which was statistically significant.

Conclusion The results show a positive and significant association between work control and diet variety.

Keywords
Occupational stress; Diet, Food, and Nutrition; Work; Feeding behavior; Index

No Groups DVS	Food Group DVS	Score DVS	No Groups DDS	Food Group DDS	Score DDS	Micro nutrients	Dietary References Intake
1	Cereals	Any food (0 and 1 point)	1	Cereals	Minimum consumption 15g of the groups	Vit. A	M: 900UI F: 700UI
2	Dairy products		2	Milk (whole/skim)		Vit. C	M: 90mg F: 75mg
3	Red meat		3	Meat (red/white)		Vit. E	M/F: 15UI
4	Fruits		4	Fruits		Thiamine	M/F: 1.2mg
5	Vegetables		5	Vegetables		Riboflavin	M/F: 1.3 mg
6	Eggs		6	Eggs		Calcium	M/F: 1000mg/ 1200mg
7	Fish		7	Fish		Iron	M: 8mg *F: 18mg/ 8mg
8	Roots		8	Roots		Zinc	M: 11mg F: 8mg
9	Legumes		9	Legumes		Selenium	M/F: 55mg
10	Seafood					Niacin	M: 16mg F: 14mg
11	Poultry					Phosphorus	M/F 700mg
12	Nuts and seeds					Sodium	*M/F: 1.5mg/1.3mg
13	Breads					Magnesium	M/F: 420mg
14	Tubers					Potassium	M/F: 4.7mg
15	Leafy greens
16	Rice
17	Pasta
18	Coffee/tea
19	Fresh juice with/without sugar
20	Fermented beverages
21	Fats and oils

Variable	DVS Inadequate <18		p-value	DDS Inadequate <9		p-value	Total
Variable	n	%	p-value	n	%	p-value	Total
Psychological Demand			0.001			0.001
High	2823	38.6		2285	31.2		7314
Low	1454	34.2		1305	30.7		4250
Control at Work			0.001			0.001
High	2689	42.9		1975	31.5		6269
Low	1588	30.0		1616	30.5		5299
Social Support at Work			0.001			0.001
High	2166	34.4		1630	31.1		6291
Low	2100	40.0		1951	31.0		5249
Sex			<0.001			<0.001
Male	2145	39.7		1477	27.3		5404
Female	2143	34.6		2121	34.3		6191
Age Range (years)			<0.001
35 to 44	1074	33.7		916	28.7	0.008	3191
45 to 54	2053	37.2		1731	31.4		5520
55 to 64	1052	40.0		863	32.8		2630
65 to 72	109	42.9		88	34.6		254
Education			<0.001			<0.001
Incomplete Primary Education	377	69.3		227	41.7		544
Complete Primary Education	389	57.5		207	30.6		677
Complete Secondary Education	1843	44.8		1271	30.9		4118
Higher Education	1679	26.8		1893	30.3		6256
Marital Status			<0.001			0.054
Married/Partnered	2953	36.2		2403	29.4		8168
Separated/Widowed	857	38.3		761	34.0		2240
Single	478	40.3		818	36.6		1186
Skin Color/Race			<0.001			<0.001
White	2036	34.3		1832	30.9		5938
Black/Mixed	2037	39.7		1567	30.5		5131
Indigenous/Asian	166	41.6		151	37.8		399
Smoking Status			<0.001			<0.001
Never Smoked	2296	33.9		2007	29.7		6764
Former Smoker	1289	39.2		1038	31.6		3285
Smoker	703	45.5		553	35.8		1546
Alcohol Use			<0.001			0.217
Never Used	524	45.7		410	35.8		1146
Former User	1047	46.2		756	33.4		2264
User	2717	33.2		2432	29.7		8184
Body mass index			<0.001			0.003
Thin/Eutrophic	1495	34.1		1371	31.3		4384
Overweight	1706	36.8		1409	30.4		4637
Obesity	1087	42.3		818	31.8		2569
Leisure-Time Physical Activity			<0.001			<0.001
Low	241	29.8		2741	30.6		8947
Moderate	544	32.9		529	31.9		1656
High	3443	38.5		272	33.6		810
Common Mental Disorders			0.001			0.001
No	3041	36.1		2580	30.7		8413
Yes	1246	39.2		1017	32.0		3181

DDS	DVS
DDS	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21
5	0.85	0.85	0.86	0.88	0.91	0.93
6	0.87	0.88	0.90	0.91	0.92	0.93	0.91	0.93
7	0.91	0.91	0.91	0.93	0.93	0.94	0.94	0.94
8	0.91	0.93	0.93	0.99	0.95	0.96	0.96	0.97
9	0.95	0.94	0.96	0.96	0.96	0.97	0.97	0.98

Variable	DVS		DDS
Variable	Crude OR (CI 95%)	Adjusted OR (CI 95%)	Crude OR (CI 95%)	Adjusted OR (CI 95%)
High Psychological	1	1	1	1
Demand	1,21 (1.11-1.30)	1.05 (0.96-1.14)	0.97 (0.89-1.05)	0.96 (0.88-1.05)
High Job	1	1	1	1
Control	1.75 (1.62-1.89)	1.21 (1.11-1.32)	0,95 (0.88-1.03)	1.04 (0.95-1.14)
High Social Support	1	1	1	1
at Work	0.78 (0.72-0.84)	0.93 (0.85-1.01)	1.00 (0.92-1.08)	0.98 (0.90-1.07)

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[1] M: Male. F: Female. Skim: Skimmed.