Prevalence, temporal trend and associated factors with excess body weight in mothers of children under five years

NAKANO, Ricardo Paulino; CAMINHA, Tainá Cardoso da Silva; CARVALHO, Renata Elyonara de Sousa; XAVIER JÚNIOR, Antônio Fernando Silva; ASSUNÇÃO, Monica Lopes de; FERREIRA, Haroldo da Silva

doi:10.1590/1678-98652018000200003

Tabla de contenido Anterior Actual Siguiente

Tabla de contenido

ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev Nutr 31 (2) • Mar-Apr 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652018000200003 linkcopy

Prevalence, temporal trend and associated factors with excess body weight in mothers of children under five years

Prevalência, tendência temporal e fatores associados ao excesso de peso em mães de crianças menores de cinco anos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, temporal trends and associated factors with excess weight in mothers of children under five years of age.

Methods This is a time-series study using data from two household surveys conducted in 2005 and 2015. A total of 1,436 mothers were evaluated in 2005, and 690 were evaluated in 2015. The dependent variables were excess body weight (Body Mass Index [BMI] ≥25.0kg/m²), high percentage of Body Fat (%BF ≥33%) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference >80cm). The independent variables were the socioeconomic and demographic factors. The changes that occurred between the two surveys were expressed in percentages, and the measure of association was the Prevalence Ratio, calculated by Poisson regression, in both the crude and multivariate analyses.

Results There were increases of 33.2%, 59.2% and 31.0%, respectively, for the prevalence of excess weight (PR=1.33, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]:1.21-1.46), abdominal obesity (PR=1.59, 95% CI:1.43-1.77) and high %BF (PR=1.31, 95% CI:1.07-1.60). The factors independently associated with excess weight and abdominal obesity were the highest age group (>30 years), menarche ≤12 years and higher parity (>2 children). The same was observed for high %BF, except for the loss of significance in the adjusted analysis for the variable menarche ≤12 years.

Conclusion The prevalence of high body adiposity is a problem of relevant importance in the studied population and has presented an upward trend in the last 10 years. Women over 30 years and with more than two children should be given priority in prevention and control.

Keywords
Health surveys; Mothers; Nutritional transition; Obesity; Overweight

Variables	2005		2015
Variables	n	Median (P25; P75)	n	Median (P25; P75)	p
Age (years)	1,311	26.0 (22.0; 31.0)	661	28.0 (24.0; 33.0)	<0.001*
Weight (kg)	1,158	58.4 (51.5; 67.1)	653	64.3 (56.2; 74.0)	<0.001*
Height (cm)	1,153	155.5 (152.2;159.6)	653	158.0 (153.6; 161.5)	<0.001*
Body Mass Index (kg/m²)	1,150	24.1 (21.3; 27.4)	653	25.9 (22.7; 29.5)	<0.001*
Waist circumference (cm)	1,156	76.0 (70.0; 83.3)	651	81.0 (74.0; 89.6)	<0.001*
Body fat percentagea	499	27.0 (21.8; 32.4)	629	29.3 (23.9; 34.3)	<0.001*

Variables		2005 (n=1,436)	2015 (n=690)	p	Variation % [P2-P1/P1].100	PR (95% CI)
Variables		%	%	p	Variation % [P2-P1/P1].100	PR (95% CI)
Household location
	Urban	71.9	71.1	<0.697*	-1.1	0.99 (0.93-1.05)
	Rural	28.1	28.9	<0.697*	2.8	1.02 (0.89-1.19)
Per capital income (minimum wages)a
	>1/2	16.4	24.2	<0.001*	47.6	1.48 (1.23-1.78)
	≤1/2	83.6	75.8	<0.001*	-9.3	0.91 (0.86-0.95)
Consumer goods (TV, automobile, washing machine and refrigerator)
	>2	13.8	35.9	<0.001*	160.1	2.60 (2.20-3.07)
	≤2	86.2	64.1	<0.001*	-25.6	0.74 (0.70-0.79)
Number of people in the household
	≤4	44.0	69.8	<0.001*	58.6	1.57 (1.47-1.71)
	>4	56.0	30.2	<0.001*	-46.1	0.54 (0.48-0.61)
Education level (years)
	≤8	75.8	53.0	<0.001*	-30.1	0.70 (0.65-0.76)
	>8	24.2	47.0	<0.001*	94.2	1.94 (1.71-2.20)
Member of the Family Grant Program
	Yes	19.3	61.0	<0.001*	216.1	3.16 (2.80-3.57)
	No	80.7	39.0	<0.001*	-51.7	0.48 (0.44-053)
BMI (kg/m²)
	≥25	42.8	57.0	<0.001*	33.2	1.33 (1.21-1.46)
	<25	57.2	43.0	<0.001*	-24.8	0.75 (0.68-0.83)
Waist circumference (cm)
	>80	33.6	53.5	<0.001*	59.2	1.59 (1.43-1.77)
	≤80	66.4	46.5	<0.001*	-30.0	0.70 (0.64-0.77)
Body fat percentage (%)
	≥33	22.9	30.0	<0.007*	31.0	1.31 (1.07-1.60)
	<33	77.1	70.0	<0.007*	-9.2	0.91 (0.85-0.97)
Age at menarche (years)
	<12	18.1	20.9	<0.155*	15.5	1.15 (0.95-1.40)
	≥12	81.9	79.1	<0.155*	-3.4	0.97 (0.92-1.01)
Number of children
	>2	31.1	37.1	<0.011*	19.3	1.19 (1.04-1.37)
	≤2	68.9	62.9	<0.011*	-8.7	0.91 (0.85-0.98)

Variables		Excess weight (%)		Variation %a	pb (2005 vs. 2015)	PR (95% CI) (2005 vs. 2015)	PR (95% CI)* 2015	Adjusted PR (95% CI)**
Variables		2005	2015	Variation %a	pb (2005 vs. 2015)	PR (95% CI) (2005 vs. 2015)	PR (95% CI)* 2015	Adjusted PR (95% CI)**
Household condition
	Urbana	44.5	56.2	26.3	<0.001	1.26 (1.13-1.41)	0.96 (0.83-1.11)	-
	Rural	38.9	58.6	50.6	<0.001	1.51(1.26-1.81)	1	-
Per capital income (minimum wages)c
	>1/2	46.6	50.0	7.3	<0.547	1.07 (0.85-1.35)	0.83 (0.70-1.00)	-
	≤1/2	42.4	59.9	41.3	<0.001	1.41 (1.27-1.57)	1	-
Consumer goodsd
	>2	51.7	57.7	11.6	<0.252	1.12 (0.92-1.35)	1.02 (0.88-1.17)	-
	≤2	41.5	56.8	36.9	<0.001	1.37 (1.22-1.53)	1	-
People in the household
	≤4	42.1	52.3	24.2	<0.001	1.24 (1.09-1.42)	0.78 (0.68-0.89)	-
	>4	43.7	67.2	54.8	<0.001	1.59 (1.36-1.77)	1	-
Education levele
	≤8	42.7	59.8	40.0	<0.001	1.40 (1.25-1.57)	1.11 (0.97-1.26)	-
	>8	41.7	54.1	29.7	<0.003	1.30 (1.09-1.55)	1	-
Member of the PBFf
	Yes	45.6	57.8	26.8	<0.003	1.27 (1.08-1.50)	1.04 (0.91-1.20)	-
	No	42.1	55.5	31.8	<0.001	1.32 (1.15-1.51)	1	-
Age
	>30	53.4	65.7	23.0	<0.004	1.23 (1.07-1.41)	1.26 (1.11-1.43)	1.24 (1.11-1.38)
	≤30	38.7	52.1	34.6	<0.001	1.35 (1.19-1.53)	1	1
Age at menarcheg
	<12	49.2	69.2	40.7	<0.001	1.40 (1.17-1.69)	1.29 (1.12-1.48)	1.26 (1.12-1.41)
	≥12	41.5	53.7	29.4	<0.001	1.29 (1.16-1.45)	1	1
Number of children
	>2	50.5	64.9	28.5	<0.001	1.28 (1.11-1.49)	1.24 (1.09-1.42)	1.20 (1.07-1.33)
	≤2	37.7	52.3	38.7	<0.001	1.39 (1.21-1.59)	1	1

Variables		Abdominal obesity (%)		Variation %a	pb (2005 vs. 2015)	PR (95% CI) (2005 vs. 2015)	PR (95% CI)* 2015	Adjusted PR (95% CI)**
Variables		2005	2015	Variation %a	pb (2005 vs. 2015)	PR (95% CI) (2005 vs. 2015)	PR (95% CI)* 2015	Adjusted PR (95% CI)**
Household condition
	Urbana	35.6	51.5	44.7	<0.001	1.45 (1.27-1.65)	0.89 (0.76-1.03)	-
	Rural	29.2	58.1	99.0	<0.001	1.99 (1.62-2.44)	1	-
Per capital income (minimum wages)c
	>1/2	40.7	43.3	6.4	0.643	1.06 (0.82-1.38)	0.76 (0.62-0.92)	-
	≤1/2	32.1	57.4	78.8	<0.001	1.78 (1.58-2.02)	1	-
Consumer goodsd
	>2	39.0	52.1	33.6	0.013	1.34 (1.05-1.69)	0.96 (0.83-1.12)	-
	≤2	32.8	54.2	65.2	<0.001	1.65 (1.46-1.87)	1	-
People in the household
	≤4	31.9	49.0	53.6	<0.001	1.54 (1.31-1.80)	0.77 (0.67-0.89)	-
	>4	34.9	63.2	81.1	<0.001	1.81 (1.56-2.10)	1	-
Education levele
	≤8	32.6	58.2	78.5	<0.001	1.80 (1.58-2.06)	1.20 (1.04-1.39)	-
	>8	36.4	48.4	33.0	0.004	1.33 (1.09-1.62)	1	-
Member of the PBFf
	Yes	34.2	54.4	59.1	<0.001	1.59 (1.30-1.94)	1.05 (0.90-1.22)	-
	No	33.4	51.9	55.4	<0.001	1.55 (1.33-1.81)	1	-
	Age
	>30	46.8	63.5	35.7	<0.001	1.36 (1.17-1.58)	1.33 (1.15-1.53)	1.41 (1.24-1.59)
	≤30	28.3	47.9	69.3	<0.001	1.69 (1.46-1.96)	1	1
Age at menarchee
	<12	38.6	62.3	61.4	<0.001	1.61 (1.29-2.02)	1.22 (1.04-1.44)	1.24 (1.09-1.42)
	≥12	32.1	50.9	58.6	<0.001	1.58 (1.39-1.80)	1	1
Number of children
	>2	42.1	61.5	46.1	0.001	1.46 (1.23-1.73)	1.27 (1.10-1.46)	1.22 (1.08-1.38)
	≤2	28.3	48.5	71.4	<0.001	1.71 (1.46-2.01)	1	1

Variables		High body fat (%)		Variation %a	pb (2005 vs. 2015)	PR (95% CI) (2005 vs. 2015)	PR (95% CI)* 2015	Adjusted PR (95% CI)**
Variables		2005	2015	Variation %a	pb (2005 vs. 2015)	PR (95% CI) (2005 vs. 2015)	PR (95% CI)* 2015	Adjusted PR (95% CI)**
Household location
	Urban	24.2	30.3	25.2	0.047	1.25 (1.00-1.57)	1.03 (0.78-1.34)	-
	Rural	21.5	29.6	37.7	0.157	1.37 (0.87-2.16)	1	-
Per capital income (minimum wages)c
	>1/2	30.0	22.8	-24.0	0.232	0.76 (0.48-1.19)	0.71 (0.51-0.98)	-
	≤1/2	21.9	32.2	47.0	0.001	1.47 (1.17-1.85)	1	-
Consumer goodsd
	>2	26.9	31.6	17.5	0.461	1.18 (0.76-1.82)	1.08 (0.85-1.38)	-
	≤2	22.3	29.2	30.9	0.023	1.31 (1.04-1.66)	1	-
People in the household
	≤4	22.5	27.4	21.8	0.168	1.21 (0.92-1.60)	0.76 (0.60-0.97)	-
	>4	23.3	36.1	54.9	0.003	1.55 (1.16-2.07)	1	-
Education level
	≤8	22.7	32.6	43.6	0.004	1.44 (1.12-1.84)	1.20 (0.94-1.53)	-
	>8	25.4	27.1	6.7	0.714	1.07 (0.75-1.52)	1	-
Member of the PBFf
	Yes	27.4	31.2	13.9	0.443	1.14 (0.81-1.59)	1.11 (0.86-1.42)	-
	No	21.6	28.1	30.1	0.061	1.31 (0.99-1.73)	1	-
Age
	>30	40.9	45.7	11.7	0.380	1.12 (0.87-1.44)	2.12 (1.68-2.68)	2.12 (1.71-2.63)
	≤30	16.4	21.6	31.7	0.070	1.31 (0.98-1.76)	1	1
Age at menarcheg
	<12	18.4	36.3	97.3	0.005	1.97 (1.20-3.26)	1.31 (1.00-1.72)	-
	≥12	24.1	27.7	14.9	0.236	1.15 (0.91-1.45)	1	-
Number of children
	>2	29.1	40.7	39.9	0.044	1.40 (0.99-1.96)	1.72 (1.36-2.18)	1.35 (1.10-1.67)
	≤2	17.6	23.7	34.7	0.055	1.34 (0.99-1.83)	1	1

location_on

Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas Editora Splendet | Campus I, Rua Prof. Dr. Euryclides de Jesus Zerbini, 1516, Pq. Rural Fazenda Santa Cândida, Tel./Fax: +55 19 3343-6875 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: sbi.submissionrn@puc-campinas.edu.br

rss_feed Acompañe los números de esta revista en su lector de RSS

[1] Note:

[TFN01] ^*
Significant difference according to the Mann-Whitney test.

[TFN02] ^a
Estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis.