Leptin and its influence in the pathophysiology of eating disorders

Abstract

Leptin, a protein secreted by adipocytes, has a regulatory function in several organism systems such as the immune, respiratory, and reproductive systems and in the energy balance via hypothalamic action. Its primary action occurs in the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus, where it begins a cascade of events that inhibits energy intake and enhances energy consumption. The concentration of leptin is influenced by adiposity and hormonal and nutritional factors. The scientific literature considers food restriction and binge episodes of anorexia nervosa and bulimia, respectively, as determining factors of leptin circulation. Leptin levels are also altered during the treatment of these food disturbances, which indicates a relation between neuroendocrine alterations and eventual modifications in hunger and satiety signals and pathogenesis or clinical state of patients. Studies have reported on the short and long-term impact of these alterations on health. Therefore, this review aims to explain the function of leptin in the central and peripheral nervous systems, the mechanisms that interfere with its concentrations in food disturbances, and how this reflects on the health of anorectic and bulimic patients.

anorexia nervosa; bulimia; eating; leptin