Unraveling the complex web of acute kidney injury: pathways, biomarkers, and future directions

Acute kidney injury (AKI), a widespread severe acute condition caused by several factors and characterized by a rapid decline in renal function over a short time, is associated with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Investigating AKI signaling pathways is crucial for elucidating its pathogenesis, optimizing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and developing novel therapeutic agents. This article comprehensively examines AKI pathophysiological mechanisms, apoptosis-related signaling pathways, and inflammatory response pathways. It analyzes clinical signaling pathways associated with epidemiology, diagnostic technologies, and therapeutic strategies, explores advancements in novel biomarker applications, drug development, and gene editing technologies, and discusses current hot topics and controversies. The study further outlines future research trends, personalized treatment prospects, and potential challenges and opportunities, aiming to provide comprehensive insights into AKI signaling pathway research and lay the foundation for further exploration in related fields.

Keywords:
Acute Kidney Injury; Signal Transduction; Early Diagnosis; Personalized Treatment.