The impacts of family farming cooperatives on the sustainability of their cooperatives in the municipalities of Umuarama and Dois Vizinhos, PR

Oliveira, Willer Carlos; Bertolini, Geysler Rogis Flor

doi:10.20435/inter.v25i3.4087

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ARTICLES • Interações (Campo Grande) 25 (3) • Jul-Sep 2024 • https://doi.org/10.20435/inter.v25i3.4087 linkcopy

The impacts of family farming cooperatives on the sustainability of their cooperatives in the municipalities of Umuarama and Dois Vizinhos, PR

Os impactos das cooperativas de agricultura familiar na sustentabilidade dos seus cooperados nos municípios de Umuarama e Dois Vizinhos, PR

Los impactos de las cooperativas de agricultura familiar en la sostenibilidad de sus cooperativas en los municipios de Umuarama y Dois Vizinhos, PR

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

The process of globalization, which acts through its webs, permeates world trends, demanding new forms and alternatives of the organization from societies. The reality of the market and its economic and educational links also present new perspectives, potentialities and challenges, which require the effective participation of people in the search for viable economic and environmentally correct alternatives. In this context, family farming cooperatives present forms of mutual help in solving common concerns, creating opportunities from influencing their activities with cooperative members. Thus, this article aims to analyze the impacts of the actions of family farming cooperatives on the sustainability of rural producers in the municipalities of Umuarama and Dois Vizinhos, in Paraná state. To meet the aims, exploratory-descriptive research was used in the Web of Science database. The results move between four main focuses in the analyzed articles: farmers' perception, cooperative practices, quality of life, and management and satisfaction, which directly impact the sustainability of its members. According to the perception of the cooperative members of the two municipalities, cooperative practices are indifferent to their sustainability. Regarding the quality of life and management, cooperatives contribute to social involvement, interaction, integration, and solidarity among members, improve the quality of life and well-being of farmers, and involve members in decision-making in meetings and assemblies, generating sustainability over the quality of life and management. As for the indicator of the satisfaction of its members, the actions of cooperatives have a direct impact on sustainability since these actions are generating profitability and partnership with their members.

Keywords:
cooperativism; management; sustainable rural development

Variables	Authors and Year
Farmers` perceptions	Baccar et al. (2020), Bisht, Rana and Ahlawat (2020), Castro, Rodríguez and Giagnocavo (2019), Nascimento, Collado and Benito (2019), Constanty and Zonin (2016)
Cooperative practices	Silva and Torres (2020), Reyes et al. (2020), Galdeano-Gomez et al. (2017)
Quality of life and management	Roos, Tidaker and Kallstrom (2019), Fuentes-Acuña and Marchant (2016), Wojewódzka-Wiewiórska, Kłoczko-Gajewska and Sulewski (2019)
Satisfaction	Hooks et al. (2017), Medeiros et al. (2012), Riedner et al. (2018)

01 - Genre	Umuarama	%	Dois Vizinhos	%	Total	% Total
Men	10	20	28	55	38	75
Woman	11	21	2	4	13	25
02 - Idade	Umuarama	%	Dois Vizinhos	%	Total	% Total
Up to 30	0	0	1	2	1	2
From 31 to 40	5	10	4	8	9	18
From 41 to 50	13	25	4	8	17	33
From 51 to 60	2	4	12	23	14	27
From 61 to 70	1	2	9	18	10	20
03 - Income	Umuarama	%	Dois Vizinhos	%	Total	% Total
Up to 03 salaries	7	14	14	27	21	41
De 04 to 06 salaries	8	16	4	8	12	24
De 07 to 09 salaries	6	12	7	13	13	25
More than 10 salaries	0	0	5	10	5	10
04 - Level of education	Umuarama	%	Dois Vizinhos	%	Total	% Total
Never Studied	0	0	5	10	5	10
Up to elementary scholl	7	15	11	20	18	35
Up to high scholl	12	24	7	13	19	37
Higher Education	2	4	4	8	6	12
Master's/PhD	0	0	3	6	3	6
05 - Marital status	Umuarama	%	Dois Vizinhos	%	Total	% Total
Single	0	0	1	2	1	2
Married	15	29	27	53	42	82
Widowed	2	4	2	4	4	8
Stable Union	4	8	0	0	4	8
06 - Municipality	Umuarama	%	Dois Vizinhos	%	Total	% Total
Dois Vizinhos	0	0	30	59	30	59
Umuarama	21	41	0	0	21	41

07 - Property Size (in hectares)	Umuarama	%	Dois Vizinhos	%	Total	% Total
Up to 05	14	27	11	21	25	48
06 to 10	4	8	6	12	10	20
11 to 15	3	6	5	10	8	16
16 ato 20	0	0	6	12	6	12
Over 20	0	0	2	4	2	4
08 - Produces in Greenhouse	Umuarama	%	Dois Vizinhos	%	Total	% Total
Yes	15	30	20	39	35	69
No	6	12	10	19	16	31
09 - Do you use irrigation?	Umuarama	%	Dois Vizinhos	%	Total	% Total
Drip	10	20	10	20	20	40
Sprinkling	3	6	4	8	7	14
Central Pivot	2	4	6	12	8	16
Surface	0	0	5	10	5	10
Do not have	6	11	5	9	11	20
I do not supply	0	0	4	2	4	2
10 - Do you supply to Institutional Programs and other markets? You can select more than one option.	Umuarama	%	Dois Vizinhos	%	Total	% Total
Street Markets	40	19	11	5	51	24
PAA	12	6	18	8	30	14
PNAE	12	6	18	8	30	14
Direct Purchase	12	6	18	8	30	14
10 - Do you supply to Institutional Programs and other markets? You can select more than one option.	Umuarama	%	Dois Vizinhos	%	Total	% Total
Restaurants, Bars and Snack Bars	14	7	11	5	25	12
Hotels	9	4	11	6	20	10
Supermarkets and Markets	9	4	11	6	20	10
11 - Types of products sold (you can select more than one option)	Umuarama	%	Dois Vizinhos	%	Total	% Total
Vegetables, greens and legumes	21	7	30	11	51	18
Seasonal/harvest fruits	13	4	20	7	33	11
Tubers, cassava and roots	14	4	15	6	29	10
Cereals/grains (corn, soy, wheat)	9	3	20	7	29	10
Dairy products: milk and derivatives	15	5	15	5	30	10
Eggs	14	4	15	6	29	10
Bakery, sweet and savory products	9	3	10	4	19	7
Pigs	9	3	10	4	19	7
Honey	5	2	10	3	15	5
Poultry/chickens	4	1,5	4	1,5	8	3
Canes and derivatives	4	1	5	2	9	3
Sugar cane and derivatives	3	1	5	2	8	3
Juices, pulps and liqueurs	3	1	3	1	6	2
Pasture, silage and hay	0	0	3	1	3	1

12 - Which Cooperative are you a member of?	Interviewees/Researchers/Partners			%
COAFAR - Dois Vizinhos	12			24
CLAF - Dois Vizinhos	5			10
COAFAR E CLAF - Dois Vizinhos	13			25
COOPERU - Umuarama	21			41
13 - Membership Time	Umuarama	%	Dois Vizinhos	%	Total	%
Up to 03 years	0	0	6	12	6	12
From 04 to 05 years	3	6		0	3	6
From 06 to 07 years	17	33		0	17	33
Over 08 years	1	2	24	47	25	49

Variable	Authors and Years	Umuarama	Dois Vizinhos
Farmers' Perceptions	Baccar et al. (2020), Bisht, Rana and Ahlawat (2020), Castro, Rodríguez and Giagnocavo (2019), Nascimento, Collado and Benito (2019), and Constanty and Zonin (2016).	Does not contribute to sustainability	Contributes to sustainability
Research/Theory Relationship
The results of the survey of farmers in the northwest region meet the data presented in the studies of Castro, Rodríguez and Giagnocavo (2019), Bischt (2020) & Nascimento, Collado and Benito (2019) because, according to the results presented, farmers do not realize the actions of cooperatives in their region. The data collected from farmers in the southwest region, on the other hand, are in line with the studies of Constanty and Zonin (2016) & Baccar et al. (2020) because these family farmers realize the support of cooperatives as an offer of opportunity for sustainability, quality of life, and organization in the management process, but as long as it favors them.
Variable	Authors and Years	Umuarama	Dois Vizinhos
Cooperative Practices	Silva and Torres (2020), Reyes et al. (2020), and Galdeano-Gomez et al. (2017).	Does not contribute to sustainability	Does not contribute to sustainability
Research/Theory Relationship
The studies of the variables by Reyes et al. (2020), Galdeano-Gomez et al. (2017) and Silva and Torres (2020) have the same perception regarding the cooperative practices found in this research, which should be taken into consideration and reference for the development and decision-making of its members. The farmers in this study presented evidence about the influence of cooperatives on family farming behavior, but this can be considered if there is a perception of farmers regarding the cooperative practices of the cooperative. Thus, it is observed that in both regions there are lags in cooperative practices, according to their members.
Variable	Authors and Years	Umuarama	Dois Vizinhos
Quality of Life and Management	Roos, Tidaker and Kallstrom (2019), Fuentes-Acuña and Marchant (2016), and Wojewódzka-Wiewiórska, Kłoczko-Gajewska and Sulewski (2019).	Indifferent	Contributes to sustainability
Research/Theory Relationship
Through this research, it can be noticed that the cooperative farmer in the southwest region has a better quality of life than the private one, who must seek the resolution of their problems in an isolated way. The farmer in the northwest region, on the other hand, shows indifference toward the cooperative, since he/she does not understand the importance of the association, which agrees with the studies of Wojewódzka-Wiewiórska, Kłoczko-Gajewska and Sulewski (2019), Fuentes-Acuña and Marchant (2016) and Roos, Tidaker and Kallstrom (2019).
Variable	Authors and Years	Umuarama	Dois Vizinhos
Satisfaction	Medeiros et al. (2012), Riedner et al. (2018), and Hooks et al. (2017).	Indifferent	Contributes to sustainability
Research/Theory Relationship
It can be observed from the data collected that the members of COOPERU are more dissatisfied/indifferent with the cooperative than those of the CLAF and COAFAR cooperatives; this is due to COOPERU's lack of investments, as well as the lack of cooperativism among its members because as the farmers themselves reported, the cooperative exists, but it does not involve its members. Such a situation is reflected and ratified in the studies by Hooks et al. (2017), Medeiros et al. (2012) and Riedner et al. (2018).

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