| Cranial base |
| Cranial base angle (NS.Ba) (degrees) |
The angle formed by nasion (N), sella (S) and basion (Ba) |
| Anterior cranial base (S-N) (mm) |
The distance measured between points S and N |
| Posterior cranial base (S-Ba) (mm) |
The distance measured between points S and Ba |
| Maxilla |
| SNA (degrees) |
The angle formed between the NA line and the SN plane |
| Angle of convexity (NA-APg) (degrees) |
The angle formed by the intersection of the NA line and the APg line |
| N-A//HP (mm) |
N perpendicular to A, parallel to HP. A perpendicular to HP is dropped from N, and the horizontal distance parallel to HP is measured from point A |
| A to N perp (FH) (mm) |
The distance measured from point A to the nasion-perpendicular line to the FH plane |
| Maxillary unit length (Co-ANS) (mm) |
The distance between the mid-condylar point and the anterior nasal spine (ANS) |
| Maxillary length (PNS-ANS) (mm) |
The distance measured from the posterior nasal spine (PNS) and the anterior nasal spine (ANS) |
| Mandible |
| SNB (degrees) |
The angle formed between the NB line and the SN plane |
| Facial angle (FH-NPg) (degrees) |
The angle formed by facial line [N-Pog] intersecting the FH |
| Gonial/mandibular angle (Co-Go-Me) (degrees) |
The angle formed by line connecting condylion, gonion, and gnathion |
| Chin angle (Id-Pg-MP) (degrees) |
The angle formed by infradental, pogonion, and the mandibular plane |
| Facial taper (N-Gn-Go) (degrees) |
The angle formed by nasion, gnathion, and gonion |
| Mandibular unit length (Co-Gn) (mm) |
The distance measured from the gnathion to condylion |
| Length of mandibular base (Go-Pg) (mm) |
The distance measured from the gonion and the pogonion |
| Mandibular base length (Go- Gn) (mm) |
The distance measured from the gonion and the gnathion |
| Ramus height (Co-Go) (mm) |
The distance measured from the condylion and the gonion |
| N-B//HP (mm) |
(N perpendicular to Pg, parallel to HP) Pg perpendicular to HP is dropped from N, and the horizontal distance parallel to HP is measured from point Pg |
| B to N perp (FH) (mm) |
The distance measured from point B to the nasion-perpendicular line to the FH plane |
| Pg to N perp (FH) (mm) |
The distance measured from pogonion (Pog) to the nasion-perpendicular line to the FH plane |
| Pg to NB (mm) |
The distance measured perpendicular from pogonion to NB line |
| Post-facial Ht (Co-Gn) (mm) |
The distance measured from condylion to gnathion |
| Intermaxillary |
| ANB (degrees) |
The angle formed by the intersection of the NA and NB lines |
| Facial plane to AB (AB-NPg) (degrees) |
The angle formed between the AB line and the N-Pg line |
| Facial plane to SN (SN-NPg) (degrees) |
The angle formed between the N-Pg line and the SN plane |
| Y growth-axis (S-Gn-FH) (degrees) |
The angle formed by the intersection of a line from the sella turcica to gnathion with the FH |
| Y-axis (N-S-Gn) (degrees) |
The angle is formed by the intersection between the S-Gn line and the SN plane |
| Frankfort mandibular plane (FMA) (FH-MP) (degrees) |
The angle formed between Frankfort horizontal line and the mandibular plane |
| SN-GoGn (degrees) |
The angle formed between GoGn and SN lines |
| Occlusal plane to SN (Op-SN) (degrees) |
The angle formed between occlusal plane and SN line |
| Occlusal plane to FH (degrees) |
The angle formed by the slope of the occlusal plane to the FH plane |
| FH-SN (degrees) |
The angle formed by the Frankfort horizontal plane to SN line |
| Wits appraisal (AO-BO) (mm) |
The distance measured along the occlusal plane from perpendicular points to A and B |
| Midface length (Co-A) (mm |
The distance between the mid-condylar point and point A |
| Upper face height (N-ANS) (mm) |
The distance measured from nasion (N) to anterior nasal spine (ANS) |
| Lower anterior facial height (LAFH) (ANS-Me) (mm) |
The distance measured from the anterior nasal spine (ANS) to the menton (Me) |
| Anterior facial height (N-Me) (mm) |
The distance measured from the nasion (N) to the menton (Me) |
| Posterior facial height (S-Go) (mm) |
The distance between the mid-gonion point and the sella (S) |
| Maxillomandibular difference (Co-Gn-Co-A) (mm) |
Effective mandibular length (Co-Gn) minus effective midface length (Co-A) |
| Face height (N-ANS/ANS-Me) (%) |
The ratio of the upper anterior facial height (N-ANS) and lower anterior facial height (ANS-Me) |
| PFH: AFH (Co-Go/N-Me) (%) |
The ratio of the posterior facial height (Co-Go) and anterior facial height (N-Me) |
| Dental |
| U1-SN (degrees) |
The angle formed between the long axis of upper incisor and SN line |
| U1-NA (degrees) |
The angle formed between the axial inclination of maxillary incisors and NA lines |
| U1-NA (mm) |
The distance measured between incisal tip of maxillary incisors and NA line |
| U1-FH (degrees) |
The angle formed between long axis of upper incisor line and FH plane |
| U1-PP (degrees) |
The angle formed between axial inclination of maxillary central incisor line and the palatal plane |
| L1-NB (degrees) |
The angle formed between axial inclination of mandibular incisors and NB line |
| L1-NB (mm) |
The distance measured between incisal tip of mandibular incisors and NB line |
| L1 protrusion (L1-APg) (degrees) |
The angle formed between the long axis of the mandibular incisor and the A-Pg plane |
| L1 protrusion (L1-APg) (mm) |
The distance measured from the incisal edge of the lower central incisor to A-Pg line |
| IMPA (L1-MP) (degrees) |
The angle formed between axial inclination of mandibular incisor and the mandibular plane |
| Frankfort mandibular incisor angle (FMIA) (L1-FH) (degrees) |
The angle formed between the Frankfort horizontal plane and the long axis of the mandibular incisor |
| Interincisal angle (U1-L1) (degrees) |
The angle formed between axial inclination of maxillary and mandibular incisors |
| Upper anterior dental height (UADH) (U1-PP) (mm) |
The perpendicular distance from the upper incisal edge projected to the palatal plane |
| Lower anterior dental height (LADH) (L1-MP) (mm) |
The perpendicular distance from the lower incisal edge to the mandibular plane |
| Upper posterior dental height (UPDH) (U6-PP) (mm) |
The perpendicular distance from the mesiobuccally cusp tip of the first upper molar to palatal plane |
| Lower posterior dental height (LPDH) (L6-MP) (mm) |
The perpendicular distance from the mesiobuccally cusp tip of the first lower molar to the mandibular plane |
| Overjet (mm) |
The distance measured the horizontal overlapping between labial surfaces of the upper and lower incisors |
| Overbite (mm) |
The distance measured the vertical overlapping between the upper and lower incisor margins |
| Soft tissue |
| Angle of facial convexity (degrees) |
The angle formed by line connected nasion to subnasale to soft tissue Pogonion |
| Steiner’s S-line |
The S-Shaped curved formed by the lower border of the nose and the soft tissue pogonion |
| Upper lip to S-plane (mm) |
The distance from upper lip to Steiner’s S-line |
| Lower lip to S-plane (mm) |
The distance from lower lip to Steiner’s S-line |
| Upper lip to ST. N perp (FH) (mm) |
The distance measured from upper labrale superius to ST N-perpendicular FH |
| Lower lip to ST. N perp (FH) (mm) |
The distance measured from lower labrale inferius to ST N-perpendicular FH |
| ST Pg to ST N perp (FH) (mm) |
The distance measured from ST pogonion to ST N-perpendicular FH |
| Upper lip length (Sn-ULs) (mm) |
The distance measured from subnasale (Sn) to the upper labrale superius (Uls) |
| Lower lip length (Me-LLi) (mm) |
The distance measured from menton (Me) to the lower labrale inferius (LLi) |
| Upper lip anterior (ULA-TVL) (mm) |
The horizontal distance from TVL to upper lip anterior point |
| Lower lip anterior (LLA-TVL) (mm) |
The horizontal distance from TVL to lower lip anterior point |