Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Background: The degradation and loss of forest cover negatively impact different ecosystems, causing many socio-environmental challenges. This study aims to estimate carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, as well as carbon sequestration through natural forest recovery and reforestation in the North Pacific Basin of Mexico. The methodology follows the guidelines of the good practices of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, combining activity data with emission and sequestration factors. Results: The findings indicate a deforestation of 597,124 ha, a forest degradation of 491,285 ha, resulting in emissions of 9,685.28 Gg CO2e and 1,048.49 Gg CO2e, respectively, as well as reforestation of 5,328 ha and a natural forest recovery of 97,112 ha, which originated an absorption of 6.81 Gg CO2e and 413.38 Gg CO2e, consecutively. Conclusion: The highest emissions were associated with the conversion of primary and secondary deciduous forests into annual croplands. Furthermore, primary oak forests transitioned into secondary oak forests. The most affected municipalities include Badiraguato, Mezquital, Guadalupe y Calvo, Durango, Guachochi, Culiacán, and El Fuerte.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Background Optimal sampling designs are crucial for accurate ecological and forestry assessments, particularly for regeneration studies in Amazonian secondary forests, which play an important role in biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration. This study evaluated different sampling plot configurations for estimating regeneration diversity and structural attributes in a 30-year-old secondary forest in Belém, Brazil. Within a one-hectare permanent plot (100 × 100 m), all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≤ 10 cm were measured, identified, and geolocated, totaling 3,003 individuals. Trees were classified into two diameter classes: DBH < 5 cm and 5 cm ≤ DBH ≤ 10 cm. Resampling simulations using the bootstrap method subdivided the one-hectare plot into four sampling plot sizes (4 m², 25 m², 50 m², and 100 m²) with rectangular and square shapes. Simulations tested sample sizes ranging from four to (N − 1) units, with 1,000 iterations per configuration. Results Accuracy and precision for diversity metrics (species richness and Shannon–Weaver index) and structural attributes (tree density, stem density, and basal area) were evaluated using Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Relative Sampling Error (RSE). Results indicated that 4 m² sampling plots were the most suitable for estimating diversity metrics across both diameter classes, regardless of plot shape. For structural variables, square 4 m² plots performed best for trees with DBH < 5 cm, whereas rectangular 50 m² plots were optimal for trees with 5 cm ≤ DBH ≤ 10 cm. The influence of plot shape varied depending on the variable analyzed and the sampling plot size. Conclusion Overall, sampling plots of 4 m² and 50 m² are recommended for efficient regeneration sampling in Amazonian secondary forests, as they provide better accuracy and precision for diversity and structural estimates across different diameter classes.

Resumo em Inglês:

HIGHLIGHTS Moderate heritability indicates potential for genetic selection in C. torelliana. Accuracy of estimates was satisfactory despite experimental heterogeneity. Correlations across ages indicated limitations for early indirect selection. Findings support silvicultural diversification and strengthen breeding programs.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Background Land use plays a critical role in shaping human societies and environmental sustainability. This study investigates strategies influencing land use dynamics and their potential implications for territorial management and public policy development. We propose a new approach to identify three different land use strategies, and to quantify and analyze their spatial relevance. The study area, located in a Brazilian Biosphere Reserve, covers two watersheds with distinct ecosystems and socioeconomic contexts. We implemented the following steps: mapping land use, computing the potential for agricultural use, mapping restricted zones, and computing the strategies. We accessed public databases and performed spatial analyses using Google Earth Engine, Google Colab and QGIS software. Results One of the watersheds exhibits less anthropization and better environmental preservation. Consequently, it presents greater potential for implementing Payment for Environmental Services (PES) programs. The other watershed, with higher anthropization and agricultural intensity, requires more extensive restoration, especially in restricted areas. Conclusion These differences underscore the importance of tailoring land management strategies to specific socioeconomic and environmental characteristics, ensuring effective conservation and territorial management. The primary scientific novelty of this work lies in the methodological integration that transitions from traditional land-use diagnostics to a prescriptive spatial planning framework. Our study contributes to the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities), SDG 15 (Life on Land), and SDG 13 (Climate Action).

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Background: Contrasting edaphoclimatic differences will influence the development of Eucalyptus forests, resulting in varying responses according to the clone. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of clone x site interaction on the wood density (WD) of Eucalyptus planted in tropical environments in Brazil. Eucalyptus clones (R9: E. urophylla, B2: E. urophylla x E. grandis, H8, and D4: E. grandis x E. urophylla) were analyzed 4 years after planting at 10 sites. A total of 120 trees were sampled, and the WD was determined. The relationship between WD, mean annual increment, and climate variables (temperature, precipitation, vapor pressure deficit and soil water deficit) was assessed for each clone. Results: The site effect and clone x site interaction were significant. Clones H8 and R9 showed the most consistent WD across sites, with density differences of 18 % and 14 %, respectively, and H8 exhibited a similar mean in 80 % of the sites. B2 and D4 were the most influenced by local growth with density variations of 28 and 22 %, respectively, indicating that WD is affected by the interaction of genotype and growth environment. Only B2 showed significant correlations between density and all environmental variables, while density in R9 did not correlate with any variable. Conclusion: Clones are similarly affected by climate across the tropical gradient of Brazil. However, the magnitude of responses differs among clones at a single site. The effects of climate conditions on density are more evident when contrasting situations are compared.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Background: Plant essential oils have been tested as strategy to increase wood durability and to optimize its use. The aim of the present study is to assess the efficiency of Chrysopogon zizanioides essential oil produced in Brazil and in China to increase Pinus wood resistance against the wood-destroying fungus Rhodonia placenta. Wood specimens were exposed to fungus Rhodonia placenta and treated with these oils at concentrations 10%, 25%, 50% and 100%. Gas chromatography in combination to mass spectrometer was performed to feature the oil components. Results: The Brazilian oil turned Pinus wood highly resistant to R. placenta and the Chinese one made it partially resistant to this fungus. Brazilian sample presented compounds typical of C. zizanioides, namely: khusimol, β-vetivone, vetiselinenol and β-vetisperene. The Chinese oil only presented few sesquiterpenes, among them, cis-thujopsene, cedrol and pachoulol. Isopropyl myristate was its major component, but it does not have plant origin. Conclusion: Therefore, Pinus wood is highly susceptible to fungus R. placenta, but it gets resistant to it after being treated with typical C. zizanioides essential oil at concentrations of 25%, 50% and 100%. C. zizanioides essential oil added with additives, such as isopropyl myristate, loses efficiency in making Pinuswood resistant to fungus R. placenta.