Impacto dos métodos de processamento e suplementação de aminoácidos da farinha de raiz e folhas de mandioca no desempenho e na microflora dos cecos de frangos de corte

Olayemi, Wasiu Ajani; Williams, Gabriel Adedotun; Oso, Abimbola Oladele; Omofunmilola, Eunice Opeoluwa

doi:10.1590/1809-6891v26e-80893E

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Animal science | Research article • Ciênc. anim. bras. 26 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v26e-80893E linkcopiar

Impacto dos métodos de processamento e suplementação de aminoácidos da farinha de raiz e folhas de mandioca no desempenho e na microflora dos cecos de frangos de corte

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Este estudo investigou os efeitos da farinha de raiz e das folhas de mandioca processada (FRFM) no desempenho de frangos de corte e na microflora cecal. Um total de 240 frangos de corte Ross foram distribuídos aleatoriamente por 10 tratamentos alimentares em um desenho fatorial 5×2, composto por cinco fontes de energia: milho, FRFM seco ao sol (FRFMSS), FRFM fermentado (FRFMf), FRFM com levedura (FRFMl) e FRFM com filtrado ruminal (FRFMfr) e dois níveis de aminoácidos (Ideal e National Research Council (NRC) 1994). As dietas NRC incluíam metionina e lisina, enquanto as dietas Ideais foram suplementadas com treonina e arginina. Cada tratamento foi replicado três vezes com oito aves por repetição, e o ensaio teve a duração de 28 dias. Os parâmetros de desempenho foram registados semanalmente e, no dia 28, as aves selecionadas foram abatidas para análise da microflora intestinal. Os resultados indicaram que as dietas formuladas com níveis ótimos de aminoácidos melhoraram significativamente (P<0,05) o ganho de peso (GP) e a taxa de conversão alimentar (TCA). As aves alimentadas com dietas à base de FRFMfr apresentaram uma ingestão de ração (IR) significativamente mais baixa (P<0,05) e uma melhor conversão alimentar, comparável às alimentadas com dietas à base de milho. Notavelmente, a combinação de aminoácidos FRFMfr e Ideal resultou no menor (P<0,05) IR e no melhor TCA global. A análise microbiana revelou que as dietas à base de milho resultaram em contagens mais elevadas (P<0,05) de Bacillus subtilis e Proteus mirabilis, enquanto a dieta à base de FRFM, independentemente do nível de aminoácidos, resultou em contagens bacterianas totais (CBTs) significativamente mais baixas (P<0,05). Concluindo, a suplementação de dietas para frangos de corte com aminoácidos ideais melhorou o desempenho do crescimento, e o FRFMfr reduziu de maneira eficaz a ingestão de ração sem comprometer a conversão alimentar. Além disso, o FRFM processado mostrou ser benéfico na redução da carga microbiana quando utilizado como alternativa ao milho em dietas de frangos de corte.

Palavras-chave
Alimentos alternativos; fermentação; aminoácidos; micróbios intestinais

			Ideal					NRC
Diets	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6	T7	T8	T9	T10
Ingredients
Maize	56.00	28.00	28.00	28.00	28.00	56.00	28.00	28.00	28.00	28.00
SCRLM	0.00	28.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	28.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
FCRLM	0.00	0.00	28.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	28.00	0.00	0.00
YFCRLM	0.00	0.00	0.00	28.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	28.00	0.00
RFCRLM	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	28.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	28.00
Soybean meal	35.20	34.70	34.70	34.70	34.70	35.40	34.90	34.90	34.90	34.90
Palm oil	2.00	2.50	2.50	2.50	2.50	2.00	2.50	2.50	2.50	2.50
Fish meal	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00
Limestone	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.20	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
DCP-Dicalcium phosphate	1.75	1.75	1.75	1.75	1.75	1.85	1.85	1.85	1.85	1.85
Salt	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35
L-Lysine	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.50	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40
DL-Methionine	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.45	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35
Premix	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
L-Threonine	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.00	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40
L-Arginine	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Total	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Calculated nutrients (%)
Metabolisable Energy (Kcal/kg)	2991.36	3000.40	2998.40	3010.20	2993.26	2991.36	2998.42	2990.40	3080.40	3080.40
Crude protein	23.53	22.64	23.07	21.93	22.01	23.42	22.10	21.30	21.93	22.51
Crude fiber	3.42	3.56	3.40	3.00	3.01	3.42	3.56	3.40	3.00	3.01
Ether extract	3.60	3.21	3.12	3.10	3.15	3.60	3.21	3.12	3.10	3.15
Calcium	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00

			Ideal					NRC
Diets	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6	T7	T8	T9	T10
Ingredients
Maize	58.00	29.00	29.00	29.00	29.00	58.00	29.00	29.00	29.00	29.00
SCRLM	0.00	29.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	29.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
FCRLM	0.00	0.00	29.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	29.00	0.00	0.00
YFCRLM	0.00	0.00	0.00	29.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	29.00	0.00
RFCRLM	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	29.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	29.00
Soybean meal	35.00	34.30	34.30	34.30	34.30	35.15	34.45	34.45	34.45	34.45
Palm oil	2.00	2.70	2.70	2.70	2.70	2.00	2.70	2.70	2.70	2.70
Fish meal	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Limestone	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.10	1.10	1.10	1.10	1.10
DCP-Dicalcium phosphate	1.75	1.75	1.75	1.75	1.75	1.85	1.85	1.85	1.85	1.85
Salt	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35
L-Lysine	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10
DL-Methionine	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
Premix	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
L-Threonine	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
L-Arginine	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Total	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Calculated nutrients (%)
Metabolisable Energy (Kcal/kg)	3160.10	3152.20	3152.12	3152.22	3152.22	3160.20	3152.22	3152.22	3152.22	3152.22
Crude protein	22.01	22.37	22.29	22.10	22.19	22.01	21.57	22.49	22.10	22.19
Crude fiber	3.46	3.69	3.52	3.01	3.12	3.46	3.69	3.52	3.01	3.12
Ether extract	3.68	3.27	3.18	3.16	3.21	3.68	3.27	3.18	3.16	3.21
Calcium	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00

Parameters (%)	SCRLM	FCRLM	YFCRLM	RFCRLM
Moisture	8.73	6.38	6.26	6.06
Crude protein	15.66	11.92	7.84	8.13
Crude fat	2.59	2.29	2.20	2.38
Crude fiber	10.74	10.15	8.36	8.75
Ash	7.33	7.02	6.23	6.81
Carbohydrate	54.95	62.24	69.11	67.87
Cyanide (mg/kg)	9.351	5.809	4.47	3.82
Amino acid (g/100g)
*Essential*
Lysine	3.12	3.19	3.66	3.39
Methionine	1.02	0.47	0.61	0.55
Arginine	4.25	4.72	5.28	4.55
Isoleucine	2.18	2.14	2.85	2.58
Leucine	5.66	7.31	6.65	6.22
Threonine	1.97	1.64	1.69	1.46
Valine	2.31	2.86	3.25	3.03
Histidine	1.03	1.71	1.93	1.55
Phenylalanine	2.95	3.47	4.03	3.66
*Non-essential*
Cysteine	0.56	0.36	0.48	0.41
Glutamine	0.98	0.89	1.16	0.76
Glycine	2.07	2.41	2.75	2.66
Alanine	2.78	3.36	4.27	3.98
Serine	2.93	2.82	3.48	3.10
Aspartate	6.12	5.08	4.93	4.52
Tyrosine	2.14	2.48	2.65	2.48
Proline	2.69	3.51	3.93	3.12

Amino acid			P value	SEM	Processing					P value	SEM
Parameters	*IDEAL*	*NRC*			*Maize*	*SCRLM*	*FCRLM*	*YFCRLM*	*RFCRLM*
IW (g/bird)	42.67	42.62	0.740	0.10	42.45	42.63	42.81	42.53	42.79	0.417	0.16
FLW (g/bird)	441.86^a	403.9^b	0.006	8.63	410.61	441.65	426.56	417.67	417.92	0.562	13.65
WG (g/bird)	399.14^a	361.28^b	0.006	8.64	368.16	398.88	383.75	375.13	375.13	0.571	13.65
DFI (g/bird)	23.98	23.49	0.308	0.33	21.41^b	25.04^a	24.71^a	25.04^a	22.48^b	0.000	0.52
TFI (g/bird)	671.39	657.71	0.309	9.27	599.58^b	700.98^a	691.88^a	700.98^a	629.32^b	0.000	14.65
FCR	1.69^b	1.83^a	0.002	0.03	1.64^c	1.76abc	1.81^ab	1.88^a	1.70^bc	0.014	0.05

	IDEAL					NRC					SEM	P-value
Parameters	*Maize*	*SCRLM*	*FCRLM*	*YFCRLM*	*RFCRLM*	*Maize*	*SCRLM*	*FCRLM*	*YFCRLM*	*RFCRLM*
IW (g/bird)	42.22	42.68	43.14	42.53	42.76	42.68	42.58	42.47	42.54	42.83	0.22	0.181
FLW (g/bird)	431.78	445.15	447.08	443.66	441.64	389.43	438.16	406.03	391.67	394.2	19.3	0.787
WG (g/bird)	389.57	402.17	403.94	401.13	398.88	346.75	395.59	363.56	349.13	351.37	19.31	0.781
DFI (g/bird)	21.88^cd	26.72^a	25.68ab	24.72^b	20.88^d	20.94^d	23.35^c	23.74^bc	25.35ab	24.07^b	0.74	0.003
TFI (g/bird)	612.84^cd	748.20^a	719.04ab	692.24^b	584.62^d	586.31^d	653.77^c	664.73^bc	709.72ab	674.02^b	20.72	0.003
FCR	1.58^d	1.87^b	1.78^bc	1.73^bc	1.47^e	1.71^c	1.65^cd	1.83^b	2.03^a	1.93ab	0.07	0.001

Amino acid			P-value	SEM						P-value	SEM
Parameters (x 10⁶ cfu/ml)	IDEAL	NRC			*Maize*	*SCRLM*	*FCRLM*	*YFCRLM*	*RFCRLM*
Escherichia coli	0.55	0.63	0.105	0.03	0.60	0.47	0.67	0.57	0.65	0.059	0.05
Staphylococcus	0.31	0.36	0.081	0.02	0.00^c	0.20^b	0.97^a	0.30^b	0.20^b	0.000	0.03
Klebsiella oxytoca	0.21	0.17	0.105	0.02	0.25^b	0.35^a	0.00^c	0.18^b	0.17^b	0.000	0.03
PF	0.25^a	0.17^b	0.012	0.02	0.18^c	0.00^d	0.42^a	0.30^b	0.15^c	0.000	0.04
PA	0.21^b	0.27^a	0.029	0.02	0.38^a	0.25^b	0.25^b	0.17^b	0.15^b	0.000	0.03
Citrobacter spp.	0.17^a	0.11^b	0.021	0.02	0.15	0.12	0.17	0.13	0.12	0.631	0.03
Bacillus subtilus	0.25^a	0.15^b	0.002	0.02	0.40^a	0.00^d	0.17^c	0.27^b	0.15^c	0.000	0.03
Proteus mirabilis	0.12^b	0.21^a	0.002	0.02	0.43^a	0.13^bc	0.00^d	0.07^cd	0.18^b	0.000	0.03
Enterobacter cloaca	0.19^a	0.11^b	0.012	0.02	0.08^b	0.13^b	0.27^a	0.13^b	0.15^b	0.010	0.03
Total bacteria count	2.26	2.17	0.158	0.05	2.48^b	1.65^d	2.90^a	2.12^c	1.92^c	0.000	0.07

			IDEAL					NRC			SEM	P value
Parameters (x 10⁶ CFU/mL)	*Maize*	*SCRLM*	*FCRLM*	*YFCRLM*	*RFCRLM*	*Maize*	*SCRLM*	*FCRLM*	*YFCRLM*	*RFCRLM*
Escherichia coli	0.80^a	0.40^b	0.53^b	0.53^b	0.50^b	0.78^a	0.53^b	0.56^b	0.60^ab	0.45^b	0.07	0.000
Staphylococcus	0.00^e	0.00^e	1.13^a	0.00^e	0.40^d	0.00^e	0.40^d	0.80^b	0.60^c	0.00^e	0.05	0.000
Klebsiella oxytoca	0.20^c	0.50^a	0.00^d	0.37^b	0.00^d	0.30^bc	0.20^c	0.00^d	0.00^d	0.33^bc	0.04	0.000
PF	0.37^ab	0.00^c	0.33^b	0.27^b	0.30^b	0.00^c	0.00^c	0.50^a	0.33^b	0.00^c	0.05	0.000
PA	0.53^a	0.50^a	0.00^c	0.00^c	0.00^c	0.23^b	0.00^c	0.50^a	0.33^b	0.30^b	0.05	0.000
Citrobacter spp.	0.00^b	0.00^b	0.33^a	0.27^a	0.23^a	0.30^a	0.23^a	0.00^b	0.00^b	0.00^b	0.04	0.000
Bacillus subtilus	0.80^a	0.00^c	0.00^c	0.13^c	0.30^b	0.00^c	0.00^c	0.33^b	0.40^b	0.00^c	0.04	0.000
Proteus mirabilis	0.60^a	0.00^d	0.00^d	0.00^d	0.00^d	0.27^b	0.27^b	0.00^d	0.13^c	0.37^b	0.04	0.000
Enterobacter cloaca	0.00^e	0.27^abc	0.13^cd	0.27^abc	0.30^ab	0.17^bc	0.00^e	0.40^a	0.00^e	0.00^e	0.05	0.000
Total bacteria count	3.30^a	1.67^d	2.47^b	1.83^cd	2.03^c	3.05^a	1.63^d	2.33^b	2.40^b	1.80^cd	0.10	0.000

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[TFN1] ^abc
Means in the same row with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05), SEM: Pooled standard error of the mean, IW: Initial weight, WG: Weight gain, FLW: Final live weight, DFI: Daily feed intake, TFI: Total feed intake, FCR: Feed conversion ratio, SCRLM- Sundried cassava root-leaf meal, FCRLM- Fermented cassava root-leaf meal, YFCRLM--Yeast fermented cassava root-leaf meal, RFCRLM-- Rumen fermented cassava root-leaf meal, FCR= Feed conversion ratio.