Growth and senescence of mavuno, marandu, ipyporã and mulato II grasses subjected to stockpiling

Carvalho, Bruno Humberto Rezende; Borges, Gustavo Segatto; Oliveira, Dallety Haloma Alves Miler de; Nascimento, Geovana Lopes; Machado, Khazuê Ubagai; Santos, Manoel Eduardo Rozalino

doi:10.1590/1809-6891v26e-79129E

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Animal Science / Research article • Cienc. anim. bras. 26 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v26e-79129E linkcopy

Growth and senescence of mavuno, marandu, ipyporã and mulato II grasses subjected to stockpiling

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The objective of this study was to evaluate, during the stockpiling period, the growth and senescence of marandu, mavuno, ipyporã and mulato II grasses. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. The experiment was repeated in 2 years (2020 and 2021). The leaf appearance (LApR) and elongation rate (LElR), stem elongation rate, tiller population density, growth rates at canopy level, as well as canopy leaf senescence rate showed higher values at the beginning in relation to the end of the stockpiling period. The leaf life span showed an inverse response pattern. Among the cultivars, mavuno grass presented the highest LApR and total canopy growth rate. The LElR and canopy leaf growth rate were higher in mavuno and marandu grasses than in mulato II and ipyporã grasses. The stem elongation rate was higher in mavuno and ipyporã grasses compared to mulatto II and marandu grasses. In general, the growth rate of individual tillers and canopy during the stockpiling period decreased in the following sequence: mavuno grass > marandu grass > ipyporã grass > mulatto II grass.

Keywords:
leaf growth; morphogenesis; stem elongation; tiller; Urochloa

Variable¹	Grass²	Year	Grass x Year	Period³	Year x Period	Grass x Period	Grass x Year x Period
At individual tiller level
LApR	0.0039	<0.0001	0.3044	<0.0001	0.4047	0.4859	0.2964
LEIR	<0.0001	0.0005	0.2562	<0.0001	0.5686	0.0124	0.9037
5EIR	<0.0001	0.1992	0.7049	<0.0001	0.0835	0.0042	0.3214
LSeR	0.0330	0.9738	0.1872	0.1987	0.0108	0.2495	0.5105
LLS	0.4874	0.4552	0.7196	<0.0001	0.1032	0.4655	0.9974
At forage canopy level
TDP	0.0122	<0.0001	0.2108	<0.0001	0.0003	0.9259	0.9024
LGR	0.0207	<0.0001	0.6261	<0.0001	0.1935	0.3605	0.9051
5GR	0.0118	<0.0001	0.4407	<0.0001	0.1433	0.2980	0.8744
TGR	0.0110	0.08701	0.1235	<0.0001	0.2720	0.1194	0.7625
LSR	0.3011	<0.0001	0.2209	<0.0001	0.4847	0.8017	0.5711

Variable	Grass				Year		Stockpiling period
Variable	Mavuno	Ipyporã	Marandu	Mulato II	2020	2021	Beginning	End
At individual tiller level
LApR	0.05a	0.04b	0.04b	0.04b	0.05a	0.04b	0.07a	0.02b
LEIR	0.76a	0.39b	0.75a	0.45b	0.70a	0.57b	0.94a	0.23b
SEIR	0.19a	0.14a	0.08b	0.07b	0.13	0.11	0.17a	0.06b
LSeR	0.61ab	0.52b	0.70a	0.54ab	0.59	0.59	0.62	0.56
LLS	82.78	99.27	93.06	99.73	96.98	90.43	70.53b	116.88a
At forage canopy level
TDP	1337b	1479ab	1414ab	1752a	2150a	841b	1719a	1272b
LGR	81.4a	49.5c	75.3a	62.6b	107.0a	27.4b	115.9a	18.5b
SGR	71.7a	50.1b	37.5bc	29.4c	72.9a	21.4b	82.4a	12.0b
TGR	153.1a	99.6c	112.8b	92.0c	179.9a	48.8b	198.2a	30.5b
LSR	58.5	50.4	57.3	57.5	79.8a	32.0b	71.4a	40.4b

Variable1	Year	Stockpiling period	Grass
Variable1	Year	Stockpiling period	Mavuno	Ipyporã	Marandu	Mulato II
LEIR	-	Beginning	1.19Aa	0.63Ab	1.24Aa	0.71Ab
LEIR	-	End	0.33Ba	0.14Ba	0.27Ba	0.19Ba
SEIR	-	Beginning	0.29Aa	0.18Ab	0.12Ab	0.09Ab
SEIR	-	End	0.08Ba	0.09Aa	0.04Aa	0.04Aa

Variable1	Stockpiling period	Year
Variable1	Stockpiling period	2020	2021
LSeR	Beginning	0.56Aa	0.68Aa
LSeR	End	0.62Aa	0.50Ba
TPD	Beginning	2549Aa	890Ab
TPD	End	1751Ba	792Ab

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[TFN1] LApR: leaf appearance rate (leaf tiller^-1.day^-1); LEIR: leaf elongation rate (cm tiller^-1.day^-1); SEIR: stem elongation rate (cm tiller^-1.day^-1); LSeR: leaf senescence rate (cm tiller^-1.day^-1); LLS: leaf lifespan (day); TPD: tiller population density (tiller m^-2); LGR: leaf growth rate (kg ha^-1 day^-1 of DM); SGR: stem growth rate (kg ha^-1 day^-1 of DM); TGR: total growth rate (kg ha^-1 day^-1 of DM); LSR: leaf senescence rate (kg ha^-1 day^-1 of DM). Values in bold differ by the Tukey test (P<0.05).