Biossegurança na aquicultura no Brasil: Avaliação de alevinos de tilápia incubatórios no Distrito Federal

Trombeta, Thiago Dias; Zarzar, Carlos Antônio; Raposo, Ricardo da Silva; Pellilo, Vitória; Silva, Matheus Santos

doi:10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2026.52.e1006

person Thiago Dias Trombeta *

Conceptualization · Methodology · Investigation · Project Administration · Supervision · Formal Analysis · Writing – First Draft · Final approval

schoolUniversidade de Brasília – Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária – Brasília (DF), Brazil.

0000-0001-5691-4141

person Carlos Antônio Zarzar

Methodology · Investigation · Writing – First Draft

schoolUniversidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – Monte Alegre (PA), Brazil.

0000-0002-7966-6993

person Ricardo da Silva Raposo

Investigation · Supervision · Writing – First Draft

schoolSecretaria de Agricultura, Abastecimento e Desenvolvimento Rural – Defesa Agropecuária – Brasília (DF), Brazil.

0000-0002-5946-100X

person Vitória Pellilo

Investigation · Writing – First Draft · Data Curation

schoolUniversidade de Brasília – Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária – Brasília (DF), Brazil.

0000-0002-2349-3173

person Matheus Santos Silva

Investigation · Formal Analysis · Writing – First Draft · Data Curation

schoolUniversidade de Brasília – Faculdade de Tecnologia – Brasília (DF), Brazil,

0009-0003-9849-1302

person*Corresponding author:
emailthiago.trombeta@unb.br

Section editor:

Leonardo Tachibana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5847-8723

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

Nothing to declare.

No.	Question	Yes (%)	No (%)
1	Has fish movement ever been restricted to contain diseases?	20	80
2	Is there oversight by a veterinarian or another qualified professional?	80	20
3	Are fish frequently monitored for disease signs?	100	0
4	Do staff recognize the symptoms of major diseases?	40	60
5	Are training sessions conducted on management, biosecurity, and welfare?	80	20
6	Are there standard operating procedures (SOPs) for farm activities?	60	40
7	If SOPs exist, are they easily accessible to workers?	100	0
8	Is contact between farmed and wild fish controlled?	80	20
9	If broodstock are present, are there control and traceability of batch movements?	100	0
10	Is the stocking date recorded?	100	0
11	Is there control of stocking frequency and number of fish introduced?	80	20
12	Are the health status and source of incoming fish known?	80	20
13	Are incoming fry evaluated (e.g., swimming, coloration, mucus)?	40	60
14	Do fish have traceability documents (animal transit guide)?	100	0
15	Are incoming animals inspected and tested for diseases?	75	25
16	Are treatment and vaccination records requested and stored?	60	40
17	Do newly arrived fish undergo a 15-day quarantine?	80	20
18	Is there a designated facility for quarantine of newly introduced fish?	75	25
19	Are quarantine facilities separated from other fish areas?	80	20
20	Is water/equipment sharing between new and resident fish avoided?	100	0
21	Does the transport vehicle follow cleaning and disinfection protocols?	75	25
22	Does the transport vehicle provide a disinfection certificate?	0	100
23	Are the surfaces of transport containers smooth and easy to clean?	100	0

No.	Question	Yes (%)	No (%)
24	Have strict biosecurity measures been implemented (water, vehicles, and people)?	60	40
25	Do visitors and vehicles follow the farm’s biosecurity guidelines?	60	40
26	Is there a record of visitors’ and vehicles’ entry to the farm?	20	80
27	Is traffic within or outside the farm monitored and recorded?	20	80
28	Are there signs instructing visitors not to enter without authorization?	20	80
29	Is the gate kept locked when not in use?	60	40
30	Is there a single, controlled entry point to the production area?	60	40
31	Is access to the farm restricted?	80	20
32	Are purchases of products and medicines officially registered by the competent authority?	100	0
33	Are equipment and materials not shared with other farms?	100	0
34	Is equipment cleaned and disinfected frequently?	100	0
35	Are tools and materials for routine use properly stored?	100	0
36	Does the farm have adequate, well-maintained, and sufficient equipment?	100	0

No.	Question	Yes (%)	No (%)
37	Is vehicle cleaning performed at the farm entrance using a sanitary arch or backpack sprayer?	40	60
38	Are there disinfection points for feet and hands before accessing production areas?	40	60
39	Do disinfection points have protective coverage?	0	100
40	Is soap available for hand hygiene before accessing production areas?	20	80
41	Is 70% alcohol available for hand hygiene before accessing production areas?	20	80
42	Are footbaths with water and disinfectant provided before accessing production areas?	40	60
43	Are no preventive measures applied?	20	80

No.	Question	Yes (%)	No (%)
44	Are there screens at the water inlet and outlet?	100	0
45	Are filters used for inflow water cleaning?	80	20
46	Is any method of water disinfection applied?	20	80
47	Is regular monitoring of water pH performed?	100	0
48	Is regular monitoring of water temperature performed?	80	20
49	Is regular monitoring of dissolved oxygen performed?	60	40
50	Is regular monitoring of total alkalinity performed?	80	20
51	Is regular monitoring of nitrogen compounds performed?	80	20
52	Is regular monitoring of water hardness performed?	80	20
53	Are water quality monitoring results systematically recorded?	80	20
54	Is water used for transportation obtained from a safe source?	100	0
55	Does each pond have an exclusive water source, preventing water mixing?	100	0

No.	Questions	Yes (%)	No (%)
56	Records suppliers or sales of fry for sanitary and genetic control?	60	40
57	Controls suppliers of feed, drugs, and other inputs?	100	0
58	Specific area for drug storage?	100	0
59	Use of feed specific to the production phase?	100	0
60	Control of feed quantity and frequency?	100	0
61	No live food offered in fish farming?	100	0
62	Strict control of feed and drug expiration dates?	100	0
63	Specific area for feed storage?	100	0
64	Feed storage area controlled for humidity, temperature, insects, and rodents?	100	0
65	Program for pest and vector control?	60	40
66	Pest control performed by specialized company?	0	100
67	Pest control records kept?	0	100
68	Periodic biometrics performed?	100	0
69	Size differences among fry respected to avoid competition?	100	0
70	Handling (harvest, biometrics, etc.) performed carefully to reduce stress?	100	0
71	Field logbook used for zootechnical records?	80	20
72	Workers use appropriate personal protective equipment?	40	60
73	Preventive maintenance of machines and equipment performed?	40	60
74	Adequate cleaning protocol for areas, equipment, and utensils?	40	60
75	Vaccines applied?	40	60
76	Dead fish removed daily?	100	0
77	Clinical signs of dead fish observed by a qualified professional?	80	20
78	Mortality recorded in tanks and/or ponds?	100	0
79	No atypical mortality > 0.4% per day for five consecutive days?	60	40
80	In atypical mortality, samples collected and lab tests performed?	60	40
81	Dead fish disposed of properly?	60	40
82	Periodic pest monitoring conducted and findings recorded?	80	20
83	Pest control in storage and production areas is effective?	60	40
84	No domestic animals present on the farm?	80	20
85	Control of wild animals such as invasive fish and piscivorous birds?	100	0
86	Sanitary fallowing practiced?	50	50
87	Ponds allowed to dry naturally under sunlight?	40	60
88	Removal of accumulated sediments from pond bottoms?	100	0
89	Elevated or lined tanks disinfected before new batches?	100	0