Navigating the Competitive Landscape: A Comprehensive Model to Evaluate Competitiveness for Enterprises in Electromechanical Systems Engineerings

Amer, Abdallah D.A.; Korshunova, Elena; Saady, Wesam Al; Wang, Heru

doi:10.15728/bbr.2023.1674.en

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Article • BBR, Braz. Bus. Rev. 22 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2023.1674.en linkcopy

Navigating the Competitive Landscape: A Comprehensive Model to Evaluate Competitiveness for Enterprises in Electromechanical Systems Engineerings

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

The competitiveness of enterprises in the electromechanical systems engineering sector plays a crucial role in driving economic growth and innovation. This study aims to design a comprehensive index for evaluating enterprise competitiveness, focusing on operational efficiency, strategic positioning, and the international environment. Employing an exploratory factor analysis, data was collected through a questionnaire administered to 280 enterprises in Moscow, Russia. The proposed index allows for a dynamic assessment of competitiveness, enabling the analysis of key indicators over time and predicting changes in competitiveness. The findings reveal critical factors contributing to competitiveness in the sector, enabling decision-makers to formulate strategies for improving their competitive position. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, industry practitioners, and academic researchers in enhancing the competitiveness of electromechanical systems engineering enterprises and fostering sustainable economic development. The study's contributions to the literature and its practical relevance make it a valuable resource for academic and industry audiences alike.

Keywords:
competitiveness; electromechanical systems engineerings; comprehensive index; operational efficiency; international environment; strategic positioning

Feature	Description
Size	50 - 500 employees
Age	5 - 15 years since establishment
Ownership Structure	Private companies and joint ventures
Annual Revenue	$10 million - $100 million
Offerings	Manufacturing of electromechanical components and systems, engineering services
Manufacturing Technology	Advanced automation and lean practices
End-user Industries	Automotive, aerospace, energy, infrastructure, healthcare, etc.
Geographic Presence	Based in Moscow, sales, and distribution across Russia
Exports	20% - 40% of production
R&D Focus	Product innovation and new product development
Strategic Priorities	Operational efficiency, product quality, market reach

Feature	Mean	Standard Deviation	Minimum	Maximum
Age (years)	15.2	5.3	5	25
Number of employees	235	125	12	502
Revenue (million USD)	48	19.2	12	92
Market share (%)	7.3	3.1	1.2	12
R&D spending (million USD)	1.8	1.2	0.1	5.2
Patents held	73	46	3	283

	Features	Number	Percentage
Gender	Male	184.8	66%
Gender	Female	123.2	44%
Age Range	20-30	61.6	22%
	30-40	103.6	37%
	40-50	61.6	22%
	over 50	53.2	19%
Educational Level	Bachelor	58.8	21%
	Master	187.6	67%
	PhD	33.6	12%
Years of Experience	0-5	39.2	14%
	5-10	70	25%
	10-15	95.2	34%
	Over 15	75.6	27%
Job Position	Manager	103.6	37%
	Engineer	72.8	26%
	Technician	61.6	22%
	Intern	42	15%

Variables	Question Items	Loading Factors	Mean	SD	P-Value
Operational Efficiency	Q1	0.727	3.660	1.560	0.032
	Q2	0.831	3.040	1.720	0.022
	Q3	0.795	4.800	1.780	0.030
	Q4	0.877	3.680	1.260	0.029
	Q5	0.873	4.250	1.440	0.033
Strategic Positioning	Q6	0.812	2.480	0.830	0.023
	Q7	0.782	4.490	1.210	0.007
	Q8	0.859	2.520	1.070	0.008
International Environment	Q9	0.870	3.230	0.940	0.008
	Q10	0.584	2.910	1.410	0.029
	Q11	0.851	3.810	1.300	0.017
	Q12	0.869	4.670	1.250	0.017
	Q13	0.764	2.330	0.960	0.040
	Q14	0.800	4.080	1.260	0.019
	Q15	0.882	4.070	1.270	0.023
	Q16	0.597	3.590	1.740	0.039
	Q17	0.887	2.440	0.860	0.025
	Q18	0.819	2.800	1.080	0.037
	Q19	0.669	4.110	1.210	0.041
	Q20	0.755	2.120	1.610	0.003

	Cronbach's Alpha	Composite Reliability	AVE
Operational Efficiency	0.886	0.912	0.715
Strategic Positioning	0.742	0.783	0.593
International Environment	0.870	0.904	0.844

Tests		Values
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.		.763
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity	Approx. Chi-Square	472.272
	df	6
	Sig.	.000

Component*	Initial Eigenvalues			Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings
Component*	Total	% of Variance	Cumulative %	Total	% of Variance	Cumulative %
1	2.131	89.381	89.381	2.131	89.381	89.381
2	0.289	9.065	98.446
3	0.58	1.554	100.000

Variables	Component*
Variables	1^a
Operational Efficiency	0.912
Strategic Positioning	0.815
International Environment	0.906

The level of competitiveness of the company in comparison with a sample of competitors	The significance of the level of competitiveness of an enterprise
Pretty high	If K is higher than 1.4
High	If K is in the range 1.16-1.4
Above average	If K is in the range 1.00-1.15
Meets the competition	If K is 1.00
Below average	If K is between 0.85 and 1.00
Low	If K is between 0.61 and 0.84
Pretty low	If K is below 0.6

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[TFN1] Source: Authors’ own construction

[TFN2] Table 2 reports descriptive statistics of critical numerical features for the sample of enterprises analyzed. As shown, there is variation across the firms regarding age, size factors like number of employees and revenue, market share, R&D spending, and number of patents held. The minimum and maximum values demonstrate the range present for metrics like workforce numbers (12 to 502 employees) and patents (3 to 283) among the group of companies examined, while large standard deviations confirm heterogeneity in the sample.