<b>Social Capital and Selectivity in Academic Co-Authorship Networks</b>: the Case of Accounting Sciences in Brazil

Barbosa Neto, João Estevão; Higgins, Silvio Segundo Salej; Cunha, Jacqueline Veneroso Alves da; Ribeiro, Antônio Carlos

doi:10.15728/bbr.2016.13.6.4

person João Estevão Barbosa Neto

schoolMaster. Vínculo: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Endereço: Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte – MG - Brazil. Cep. 31270-901. E-mail: joaoestevaobarbosaneto@gmail.com

person Silvio Segundo Salej Higgins

schoolDoctor. Vínculo: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Endereço: Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte – MG - Brazil. Cep. 31270-901. E-mail: sisahi@yahoo.com

person Jacqueline Veneroso Alves da Cunha

schoolDoctor. Vínculo: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Endereço: Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte – MG - Brazil. Cep. 31270-901. E-mail: jvacbr@yahoo.com.br

person Antônio Carlos Ribeiro

schoolDoctor. Vínculo: Universidade Federal de Alfenas. Endereço: Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 Centro - Alfenas/MG. CEP: 37130-000. E-mail: antonilos@gmail.com

CONTRIBUTIONS BY THE AUTHORS

João Estevão Barbosa Neto contributed to the construction of the work as a whole, as well as the literature review, for data collection and data analysis.

Silvio Segundo Salej Higgins contributed to the construction of the work as a whole, the literature review and data analysis.

Jacqueline Veneroso Alves da Cunha contributed to the construction of the work as a whole, the literature review and data analysis.

Antônio Carlos Ribeiro contributed to the construction of the work as a whole, the literature review and data analysis.

		Constraint
Size	Big	Small (-)
Size	Small	Big (-)
Density	Big	Big (+)
Density	Small	Small (+)
Hierarchy	Muita	Big (+)
Hierarchy	Pouca	Small (+)

	Data sources	Procedures
Stage 1	Survey of the faculty body.	Analysis of the number and affiliations of faculty members connected with the studied programs.
Stage 2	Compilation of data extracted from the faculty members' resumes contained in the CNPq Lattes database.	Organization of the positional elements of individuals whose characteristics were analyzed.
Stage 3	Profile of programs and faculty body.	Analysis of characteristics collected in the previous stage to define academic and scientific profiles of both the programs and the faculty members who were the objects of the analysis.
Stage 4	Cooperation networks between faculty members of the programs.	Analysis of network morphology .
Stage 5	Analysis of the dynamics of the construction of scientific knowledge in the field of accounting sciences.	Interpretation of the information collected in the previous stages.

Teacher	2002-2004	2005-2007	2008-2010
MATINEZ, A. L.	It was not linked to any program.	2006-2007: Linked to Master UFBA	2008-2010: Linked to the master's and doctorate from FUCAPE
In this case, the scientific and academic activities that teachers were considered the UFBA program in 2006 and 2007; and from 2008 to 2010 FUCAPE.

Stage	Description	Final number of articles
1^st	Collection of all articles, including repeated articles.	3442
2^nd	Elimination of duplicate articles.	2890
3^rd	Elimination of articles according to the criteria program inception date and entry of faculty members.	2132
4^th	Elimination of articles that were not authored by two or more faculty members.	455

Qualis journal	Score	Weighting factor (%)
A1	100	28.57
A2	80	22.86
B1	60	17. 14
B2	50	14. 29
B3	30	8.57
B4	20	5.71
B5	10	2.86
C	0	0

	2002-2010
Number of authors	176
Ties observed	311
Average number of ties per author	3.56
Degree of concentration of centrality (Degree)	6.04
Density	2.02%
Mean distance	5.18
Maximum distance (Diameter)	15
Clustering coefficient	0.39

	Year of entry
	2002	2005	2008
2002	11,17	1,2	0,34
2005	1,2	2,28	0,41
2008	0,34	0,41	1,01

	Obs	Min	Avg	Max	SD	P ≥ ob	P ≤ ob
Internal	0,601	0,019	0,061	0,119	0,013	0	1
External	0,399	0,881	0,939	0,981	0,013	1	0
E-I	-0,203	0,762	0,878	0,961	0,027	1	0

	Fucape	Furb	PUC/SP	UERJ	UFBA	UFC	UFMG	UFPE	UFPR	UFRJ	UFSC	UNB	Unifecap	Unisinos	UPM	USP	USP/RP
Fucape	14,99	0	0,37	0	0	0	0	0	0	0,43	0	0,17	0	0	0	1,16	0,47
Furb	0	8,72	0,34	0	0	0	1,19	0	0,53	0	0	0	0	0	0,26	0,48	0,22
PUC/SP	0,37	0,34	2,95	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0,29	2,01	0,49	0,49	0,88	0
UERJ	0,32	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,05	0	0,64	0	0	0,7	0,86	0	0,39	0
UFBA	0	0	0	20,62	20,62	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0,94	0	0	0,52	0
UFC	0	0	0	0	0	11,1	0,3	0	0	0	0,43	0	0	0,26	0	0,48	0,22
UFMG	0	1,19	0	0	0	0,3	11,04	0	0,86	0	0	0,26	0	0,43	0	0,39	1,41
UFPE	0	0	0	1,05	0	0	0	25,86	0,62	0	0	0	0	0	0	0,42	0
UFPR	0	0,53	0	0	0	0	0,86	0,62	18,9	0,57	0	0	0	0,38	0	0,17	0
UFRJ	0,43	0	0	0,64	0	0	0	0	0,57	8,25	0	0	0,47	0	0	0,52	0
UFSC	0	0	0	0	0	0,43	0	0	0	0	21,37	0,19	0	0	0	0	0
UNB	0,17	0	0,29	0	0	0	0,26	0	0	0	0,19	4,71	0,19	0	0,23	0,62	0,37
Unifecap	0	0	2,01	0,7	0	0	0	0	0	0,47	0	0,19	13,49	0,94	0,62	0,14	0,51
Unisinos	0	0	0,49	0,86	0,26	0,26	0,43	0	0,38	0	0	0	0,94	18,9	0	0,34	0
UPM	0	0,26	0,49	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0,23	0,92	0	22,33	1,55	1,25
USP	1,16	0,48	0,88	0,39	0,48	0,48	0,39	0,42	0,17	0,52	0	0,62	0,14	0,34	1,55	9,44	1,12
USP/RP	0,47	0,22	0	0	0,22	0,22	1,41	0	0	0	0	0,37	0,51	0	1,25	1,12	5,62

[TFN01] Source: Salej Higgins (2012).

	Econometric studies	Sociometric studies
	Probability sampling	Social network analyses
Minimalist social action	Regression models are used to measure the impact of associative participation of individuals on their income level (NEVES; HELAL, 2007) or to measure the impact of parent-child relationships on academic performance (COLEMAN, 1988).	Investigations regarding either the structural autonomy of actors, structural holes and brokers (BURT, 2005) or regarding the mobilization of resources and emotional support by individuals embedded in social networks (LIN, 2005).
Maximalist social action	World Values Survey (INGLEHART 2008). Correlations between variables of civic community (PUTNAM, 1996). Barometers of social capital (SUDARSKY 2001).	The call by Ostrom and Ahn (2003) to construct theories of second-generation rationality and collective action. Studies on conversion of the relational capital of actors in lateral social control in collegiate organizations (LAZEGA, 2001, 2003).

		Ad intra
		Low density and cohesiveness	High density and cohesiveness
*Ad extra*	High redundancy of ties beyond the group	Minimum performance	Integrated group with a unique expertise, perspective and resource
*Ad extra*	Low redundancy of ties beyond the group	Group disintegrated with skills, perspectives and diverse resources	Maximum performance

Method	Moran
Permutations	1000
Random seed	695
Autocorrelation	0,548
Sgnificance	0
Permutation average	-0,005
Standard error	0,057
Proportion as large	0
Proportion as small	1

Social Capital and Selectivity in Academic Co-Authorship Networks: the Case of Accounting Sciences in Brazil