Órbita: I - Anatomia orbital

Cruz, Antonio Augusto Velasco e; Guimarães, Fernando Cenci

doi:10.5935/0004-2749.19990063

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REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS

¹ Aiache AE, Ramirez OH. The suborbicularis oculi fat pads: an anatomic and clinicai study. Plast Reconstr Surg 1995;95:37-42.
² Bremond-Gignac DS, Deplus S, Cussenot O, Lassau JP. Anatomic study of the orbital septum. Surg Radiol Anat 1994;16:121-4.
³ Caliot P, Plessis JL, Midy D, Poirier M, Ha J C. The intraorbital arrangement of the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina. Surg Radiol Anat 1995;17:29-33.
⁴ Chou PI, Sadun AA, Lee H. Vasculature and morphometry o f the optic canal and intracanicular optic nerve. J Neuroophthalmol 1995;15:186-90.
⁵ Chung MS, Kim HJ, Kang HS, Chung IH. Locational relationship of the supraorbital notch or foramen and infraorbital and mental foramina in Koreans. Acta Anat (Basel) 1995;154:162-6.
⁶ Couter VL, Holds JB, Anderson RL. Avoiding complications of orbital surgery: the orbital branches of the infraorbital artery. Ophthalmic Surg 1990;21:141-3.
⁷ Delmar H: Anatomy of the superficial paris of the face and neck. Ann ChirPlast Esthet 1994;39:527-55.
⁸ Diamond MK. Homologies of the meningeal-orbital arteries of humans: a reappraisal. J Anat 1991;178:223-41.
⁹ Downie IP, Evans BT, Mitchell BS. Perforating vessel(s) of the orbital floor: a cadaveric study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1993;31:87-8.
¹⁰ Georgiou C, Cassell MD. The foramen meningo-orbitale and its relationship to the development of the ophthalmic artery. J Anat 1992;180:119-25.
¹¹ Gola R, Carreau JP, Faissal A. The adipose tissue of the orbit. Anatomic classification, therapeutic deductions. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac 1995;96:123-36.
¹² Hochberg J, Kaufman H, Ardenghy M. Saving the frontal branch during a Jow fronto-orbital approach. Aesth Plast Surg 1995;19:161-3.
¹³ Jimenez-Castellanos J, Carmona A, Castellanos L, Catalina-Herrera CJ. Microsurgical anatomy of the human ophthalmic artery: a mesoscopic study of its origin, course and collateral branches. Surg Radiol Anat 1995;17:139-43, 14-6.
¹⁴ Jordan DR. The orbital muscle of Muller. Arch Ophthalmol 1992;110:1798-9.
¹⁵ Jordan DR. Anatomy of the orbital septum. Ophthalm1c Plast Reconstr Surg 1993;9:150-1.
¹⁶ Kikkawa DO, Lemke BN, Dortzbach RK. Relations of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system to the orbit and characterization of the orbitomalar ligament. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 1996;12:77-88.
¹⁷ Lenoble R, Maillot C. Infra-orbital artery. J Radiol 1994;75:177-186.
¹⁸ Lyon DB, Lemke BN, Wallow IH, Dortzbach RK. Sympathetic nerve anatomy in the cavemous sinus and retrobulbar orbit of the cynomolgus monkey. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 1992;8:01-12.
¹⁹ McQueen CT, DiRuggiero DC, Campbell JP, Shockley WW. Orbital osteology: a study of the surgical landmarks. Laryngoscope 1995;105:783-8
²⁰ Meyer DR, Linberg JV, Wobig JL, McCormick SA. Anatomy of the orbital septum and associ ated eyelid conective tissues: implications for ptosis surgery. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 1991;7:104-13.
²¹ Morard M, Tcherekayev V, De-Tribolet N. The superior orbital fissure: a microanatomical study. Neurosurgery 1994;35:1087-93.
²² Natori Y, Rhoton Jr AL. Transcranial approach to the orbit: microsurgical anatomy. J Neurosurg 1994;81:78-86.
²³ Natori Y, Rhoton Jr AL. Microsurgical anatomy of the superior orbital fissure. Neurosurgery 1995;36:762-75.
²⁴ Olver JM, Spalton DJ, McCartney AC. Quantitative morphology of human retrolaminar optic nerve vasculature. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994;35:3858-66.
²⁵ Orgul S, Cioffi GA. Embryology, anatomy, and histology of the optic nerve vasculature. J Glauc 1996;5:285-94.
²⁶ Pretterklieber ML, Schindler A, Krammer EB. Unilateral persistence of the dorsal ophthalmic artery in man. Acta Anat (Basel) 1994;149:300-5.
²⁷ Reher P, Duarte GC. Miniplates in the frontozygomatic region. An anatomic study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1994;23 :273-5.
²⁸ Rodriguez-Vazquez JF, Merida-Velasco JR, Jimenez-Colado J. Orbital muscle of Muller: observations on human fetuses measuring 35-150 mm. Acta Anat 1990;139:300-3.
³⁰ Shimada K, Kaneko Y, Sato I, Ezure H, Murakami G. Classification of the ophthalmic artery that arises from the middle meningeal artery in Japanese adults. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 1995;72:163-176.
³⁰ Spinelli HM, Falcone S, Lee G. Orbital venous approach to the cavemous sinus: an analysis of the facial and orbital venous system. Ann Plast Surg 1994;33:377-83.
³¹ Villain M, Segnarbieux F, Bonnel F, Aubry I, Amaud B. The trochlear nerve: anatomy by microdissection. Surg Radiol Anat 1993;15:169-73.
³² Whetzel TP, Malhes SJ. Arterial anatomy of the face: an analysis of vascular territories and perforating cutaneous vessels. Plast Reconstr Surg 1992;89:591-603.
³³ Whitnall SE (ed). The anatomy of human orbit, 2nd ed. London, Oxford University Press, 1932.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
Fev 1999

Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado.

[1] ¹ Aiache AE, Ramirez OH. The suborbicularis oculi fat pads: an anatomic and clinicai study. Plast Reconstr Surg 1995;95:37-42.

[2] ² Bremond-Gignac DS, Deplus S, Cussenot O, Lassau JP. Anatomic study of the orbital septum. Surg Radiol Anat 1994;16:121-4.

[3] ³ Caliot P, Plessis JL, Midy D, Poirier M, Ha J C. The intraorbital arrangement of the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina. Surg Radiol Anat 1995;17:29-33.

[4] ⁴ Chou PI, Sadun AA, Lee H. Vasculature and morphometry o f the optic canal and intracanicular optic nerve. J Neuroophthalmol 1995;15:186-90.

[5] ⁵ Chung MS, Kim HJ, Kang HS, Chung IH. Locational relationship of the supraorbital notch or foramen and infraorbital and mental foramina in Koreans. Acta Anat (Basel) 1995;154:162-6.

[6] ⁶ Couter VL, Holds JB, Anderson RL. Avoiding complications of orbital surgery: the orbital branches of the infraorbital artery. Ophthalmic Surg 1990;21:141-3.

[7] ⁷ Delmar H: Anatomy of the superficial paris of the face and neck. Ann ChirPlast Esthet 1994;39:527-55.

[8] ⁸ Diamond MK. Homologies of the meningeal-orbital arteries of humans: a reappraisal. J Anat 1991;178:223-41.

[9] ⁹ Downie IP, Evans BT, Mitchell BS. Perforating vessel(s) of the orbital floor: a cadaveric study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1993;31:87-8.

[10] ¹⁰ Georgiou C, Cassell MD. The foramen meningo-orbitale and its relationship to the development of the ophthalmic artery. J Anat 1992;180:119-25.

[11] ¹¹ Gola R, Carreau JP, Faissal A. The adipose tissue of the orbit. Anatomic classification, therapeutic deductions. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac 1995;96:123-36.

[12] ¹² Hochberg J, Kaufman H, Ardenghy M. Saving the frontal branch during a Jow fronto-orbital approach. Aesth Plast Surg 1995;19:161-3.

[13] ¹³ Jimenez-Castellanos J, Carmona A, Castellanos L, Catalina-Herrera CJ. Microsurgical anatomy of the human ophthalmic artery: a mesoscopic study of its origin, course and collateral branches. Surg Radiol Anat 1995;17:139-43, 14-6.

[14] ¹⁴ Jordan DR. The orbital muscle of Muller. Arch Ophthalmol 1992;110:1798-9.

[15] ¹⁵ Jordan DR. Anatomy of the orbital septum. Ophthalm1c Plast Reconstr Surg 1993;9:150-1.

[16] ¹⁶ Kikkawa DO, Lemke BN, Dortzbach RK. Relations of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system to the orbit and characterization of the orbitomalar ligament. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 1996;12:77-88.

[17] ¹⁷ Lenoble R, Maillot C. Infra-orbital artery. J Radiol 1994;75:177-186.

[18] ¹⁸ Lyon DB, Lemke BN, Wallow IH, Dortzbach RK. Sympathetic nerve anatomy in the cavemous sinus and retrobulbar orbit of the cynomolgus monkey. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 1992;8:01-12.

[19] ¹⁹ McQueen CT, DiRuggiero DC, Campbell JP, Shockley WW. Orbital osteology: a study of the surgical landmarks. Laryngoscope 1995;105:783-8

[20] ²⁰ Meyer DR, Linberg JV, Wobig JL, McCormick SA. Anatomy of the orbital septum and associ ated eyelid conective tissues: implications for ptosis surgery. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 1991;7:104-13.

[21] ²¹ Morard M, Tcherekayev V, De-Tribolet N. The superior orbital fissure: a microanatomical study. Neurosurgery 1994;35:1087-93.

[22] ²² Natori Y, Rhoton Jr AL. Transcranial approach to the orbit: microsurgical anatomy. J Neurosurg 1994;81:78-86.

[23] ²³ Natori Y, Rhoton Jr AL. Microsurgical anatomy of the superior orbital fissure. Neurosurgery 1995;36:762-75.

[24] ²⁴ Olver JM, Spalton DJ, McCartney AC. Quantitative morphology of human retrolaminar optic nerve vasculature. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994;35:3858-66.

[25] ²⁵ Orgul S, Cioffi GA. Embryology, anatomy, and histology of the optic nerve vasculature. J Glauc 1996;5:285-94.

[26] ²⁶ Pretterklieber ML, Schindler A, Krammer EB. Unilateral persistence of the dorsal ophthalmic artery in man. Acta Anat (Basel) 1994;149:300-5.

[27] ²⁷ Reher P, Duarte GC. Miniplates in the frontozygomatic region. An anatomic study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1994;23 :273-5.

[28] ²⁸ Rodriguez-Vazquez JF, Merida-Velasco JR, Jimenez-Colado J. Orbital muscle of Muller: observations on human fetuses measuring 35-150 mm. Acta Anat 1990;139:300-3.

[29] ³⁰ Shimada K, Kaneko Y, Sato I, Ezure H, Murakami G. Classification of the ophthalmic artery that arises from the middle meningeal artery in Japanese adults. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 1995;72:163-176.

[30] ³⁰ Spinelli HM, Falcone S, Lee G. Orbital venous approach to the cavemous sinus: an analysis of the facial and orbital venous system. Ann Plast Surg 1994;33:377-83.

[31] ³¹ Villain M, Segnarbieux F, Bonnel F, Aubry I, Amaud B. The trochlear nerve: anatomy by microdissection. Surg Radiol Anat 1993;15:169-73.

[32] ³² Whetzel TP, Malhes SJ. Arterial anatomy of the face: an analysis of vascular territories and perforating cutaneous vessels. Plast Reconstr Surg 1992;89:591-603.

[33] ³³ Whitnall SE (ed). The anatomy of human orbit, 2nd ed. London, Oxford University Press, 1932.