| Knott et al., 199118
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P: 12 PD with AG C: 10 |
M: 3 F: 9 M: 4 F: 6 |
34.4 31.3 |
X |
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X |
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Increased N1 amplitudes across all stimulus intensities and across all recording sites in PD related to healthy control subjects. |
Recordings of the late auditory evoked potential. Patients’ medication was changed until complete 48-hour wash-out before testing. |
| Dantendorfer et al., 199619
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EEG: P: 120PD C: 28 EEG and MRI: P: 56 PD C: 28 |
M: 53 F: 67 |
M: 35±8.9 F: 34.6±9.7 |
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X |
X |
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X |
High rate of non-epileptic EEG abnormalities (29.2%) among PD patients. MRI abnormalities in 60.7% of the patient group non-epileptic EEG abnormalities, 17.9% of the patient group with normal EEG results, and 3.6% of control subjects. Elevated frequency of septo-hippocampal abnormalities in PD patients. |
MRI was performed with some patients. Stimulus: hyperventilation and flickering light were used as provocation techniques. Some patients using anti-depressive medication, benzodiazepine or both. |
| Knott et al., 199620
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P: 34 PD/PD with AG C: 19 |
M: 14 F: 20 M: 7 F: 12 |
34 34.5 |
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X |
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X |
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Greater delta, theta, and alpha absolute power and less beta relative power in PD patients. A discriminant analysis of absolute power indices correctly classified 75% of PD subjects, and relative power indices correctly classified 69% of PD subjects. |
7-day period wash-out before testing. |
| Iwanami et al., 199721
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P: 12PD/PD with AG C: 12 |
M: 6 F: 6 M: 7 F: 5 |
34.4±9.0 35.6±9.9 |
X |
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X |
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Higher N1 and N2 amplitudes for target tones and higher N1 amplitude for non-target tones in PD patients related to control subjects. |
Some patients use benzodiazepine. |
| Knott et al., 199722
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P: 37 PD/PD with AG C: 20 |
M: 17 F: 20 M: 7 F: 13 |
34.7±9.1 35.8±3.7 |
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X |
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X |
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Theta and alpha increased in the control group during relaxation. Less beta and more theta in PD in relation to control subjects regardless of tape condition. |
3 to 7-day period wash-out before testing. |
| Pauli et al., 199716
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P: 15 PD C: 15 |
M: 4 F: 11 M: 4 F: 11 |
35.5±9.6 35.3±7.6 |
X |
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X |
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Larger P300 amplitudes to the presentation of body-related words in PD patients. Body-related words led to a relatively small positive peak in healthy control subjects. Positive slow wave more marked at central and parietal sites and at the right hemisphere than at the left hemisphere in PD patients related to control subjects. |
2-week period wash-out before testing, except for 3 patients. |
| Dengler et al., 199923
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P: 15 PD/PD with AG |
M: 4 F: 11 |
35.9±9.4 |
X |
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X |
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Body-related word stimuli elicited an enhanced positive cortical slow wave when compared to non-somatic word stimuli in PD patients. |
Comorbidities: D, SP, GAD, history of AAD. |
| Hanaoka et al., 200524
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P: 18 PD/PD with AG C: 18 |
M: 9 F: 9 M: 9 F: 9 |
31.5±9.4 31.2±10.5 |
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X |
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X |
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Significantly lower coherence in F3-F4, C3-C4, P3-P4, F7-T5, and F8-T6 electrode pairs in PD related to control subjects. Positive correlations were observed between coherence measures and the severity of panic attacks for the higher alpha band. |
Never medicated patients. All right-handed subjects. |
| Pauli et al., 200517
|
P: 16PD/PD with AG C: 16 |
M: 5 F: 11 M: 5 F: 11 |
39.1±9.2 38.4±8.7 |
X |
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X |
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In the explicit memory test, PD patients compared to healthy participants exhibited enhanced discrimination scores and faster reaction times for panic words, although recognition of panic words was generally worse when compared to neutral words. |
All patients were medication-free at the time of examination. |
| Pauli et al., 200525
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P: 25PD/PD with AG C: 25 |
M: 9 F: 16 M: 9 F: 9 |
39.7 40.3 |
X |
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X |
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PD patients exhibited enhanced ERP potentials triggered by panic-related words as compared to neutral threshold words at frontal electrodes in 100-200 ms after stimulus presentation and enhanced positive potentials in the time window 200-400 ms after word presentation. Healthy subjects identified more panic-related than neutral words and exhibited enhanced late ERP potentials triggered by panic-related words related to neutral words when compared to PD patients. |
Comorbidities: Ph, SP, GAD. |
| Arikan et al., 200626
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P: 10 PD |
*M/F ratio = 0.4 |
29.1 |
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X |
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X |
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Latency for the right-sided contralateral secondary component of the eye blink reflex was inversely correlated with eye opening reactivity in the beta range measured at the left central region in PD patients. |
7-day period wash-out before testing. |
| Ghisolfi et al., 200627
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P: 28PD C: 28 |
M: 10 F: 18 M: 10 F: 18 |
43.3±10.1 39.7±7.8 |
X |
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X |
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Higher P50 ratios in PD patients when compared to healthy subjects. |
Some patients in use of anti-depressive medication or both benzodiazepine and anti-depressive medication. |
| Gordeev, 200828
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P: 77 PD/PD with AG C: 28 |
M: 24 F: 53 M: 9 F: 19 |
31.6±3.1 30.7±2.5 |
X |
X |
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X |
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Decreases in the power density of the alpha rhythm and increases in the power density of the beta 1 rhythm in the right hemisphere in PD patients with AG. Increase in the power density of the theta rhythm in the temporal areas of the right hemisphere in patients without AG. Lower P300 wave amplitudes and impairments of P300 habituation in both hemispheres in PD with and without AG. |
|
| Gordon et al., 201029
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P: 48 PD C: 1908 |
M: 13 F: 35 M: 971 F: 937 |
_ _ |
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X |
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X |
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PD patients did not show any significant deviance in alpha asymmetry from the normative control group for either the open-eye or closed-eye conditions. |
The patient groups were evaluated in comparison to a normative database. |
| Lopes et al., 201030
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P: 15 PD/PD with AG |
M: 3 F: 2 |
30.7±8.5 |
|
X |
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X |
Increased alpha relative power on right and central frontal sites after the 35% CO2 induced panic attack. Reduced right-sided frontal-orbital asymmetry in the beta band in the presence of a panic attack. Increased beta relative power values on right temporal side during the induced panic attack. Decrease in the occipital-frontal intra-hemispheric coherence in the delta band. Delta inter-hemispheric asymmetry in the left occipital site |
Stimulus: induced panic attack with a 35% CO2 challenge test. No use of psychotropic medication (2 to 5 weeks wash-out for anti-depressive medication; 1 week for anxiolytic medication). All right-handed subjects. |
| Wise et al., 201111
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P: 52 PD/PD with AG |
M: 15 F: 37 |
35.34±13.37 |
|
X |
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X |
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Attenuated spectral power for alpha-1, alpha-2 and beta related to control subjects, especially in the closed-eye condition. Bilateral temporal and right frontal cortices reduced beta spectral power in PD patients. Frontal alpha-1 asymmetry in PD patients during the closed-eye condition. |
Comorbidities: Ph, SP, OCD, PTSD, GAD, MDD, D, AAB, BN. 20 P with anti-depressive medication. |