<i>Enterobius vermicularis</i> in Brazil: An integrative review

Fantinatti, Maria; Da-Cruz, Alda Maria

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0073-2023

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Mini Review • Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. 56 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0073-2023 linkcopy

Enterobius vermicularis in Brazil: An integrative review

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Enterobius vermicularis, an intestinal helminth, is transmitted through the ingestion of eggs found in food, water, dust, or other fomites, including infected individuals. This review aimed to examine the frequency and distribution of E. vermicularis infections in Brazil between 1991 and 2022. The conducted bibliographic survey revealed that the frequency of E. vermicularis infections in Brazil ranged from 0.1 to 26.1%, depending on factors such as population ethnicity, individual age group, geographic area, time frame, and diagnostic method. However, these findings were based on a limited number of publications, suggesting that the actual prevalence rates of E. vermicularis infection may still be unknown and potentially underestimated.

Keywords:
Enterobius vermicularis; Prevalence; Frequency; Brazil

Year in which the samples were obtained	City/State	Population studied	Age	Number of individuals or samples	Diagnostic technique	Positivity	Reference
1984	Guaporé, Laje e Ribeirão, Pacaas-Novos/RO	Indigenous	All	639	Spontaneous sedimentation	2%	Santos et al. 1985
1984	Guarulhos/SP	Schoolers	6-16 years	913	Spontaneous sedimentation	1.9% (6-10 years = 2.6%	Chieffi et al. 1988
						11-16 years = 1%)
1987	Parque Xingu/MT	Indigenous	All	69	Flotation in Sodium Chloride	26.1%	Ferreira et al. 1991
					Spontaneous sedimentation
1986-1990	Campinas/SP	Health center users	All	770	NR	1.4% (1-7 years = 6%)	Gioia 1992
						(8-18 years = 0,9%)
						(over 19 years = 0%)
1992	Campinas/SP	Farm dwellers	All	82	Centrifuge-sedimentation in formaldehyde-ether	1.4% (under 16 years old = 3.7%)	Kobayashi et al. 1995
						(over 16 years old = 0 %)
1989-1990	Uberlândia/MG	Food handlers	20-66 years	264	Spontaneous sedimentation	1%	De Rezende et al. 1997
1994	Uberlândia/MG	Children	4 months-7 years	300	Spontaneous sedimentation	4%	Machado et al. 1998
NR	Sorocaba/SP	Preschoolers	Up to 5 years	1.050	Spontaneous sedimentation	1.2%	Coelho et al. 1999
1992-1996	São José da Bela Vista/SP	Public hospital users	0-68 years	1.032	Spontaneous sedimentation	2.2%	Tavares-Dias and Grandini 1999
NR	Niterói/RJ	Preschoolers and daycare workers	1-6 years	340 (children)	Spontaneous sedimentation	0.8% (children)	Uchôa et al. 2001
			Over 18 years	54 (staff)	Flotation in Zinc Sulfate	0% (staff)
NR	Campinas/SP	Schoolers	6-11 years	146	Spontaneous sedimentation	5%	Iñiguez et al. 2002
					Flotation in Sodium Chloride
					Flotation in Zinc Sulfate
					Centrifuge-sedimentation in formaldehyde-ether
NR	Cascavel/CE	General population	All	251	Spontaneous sedimentation	2.4%	Heukelbach et al. 2004
2001	Presidente Prudente/SP	NR	1-12 years	1.000	Spontaneous sedimentation	1.9%	Tashima and Simões 2004
					Flotation in Zinc Sulfate
					Adhesive tape (when requested)
2001-2002	Doutor Camargo,	Rural population	All	181	Spontaneous sedimentation	8.8%	Guilherme et al. 2004
	Ivatuba, Floresta/PR			(32- Floresta	Flotation in Zinc Sulfate	(Floresta = 31.4%
				107- Ivatuva		Ivatuva = 6.5%
				42- Doutor Camargo)		Doutor Camargo = 5.2%)
2003-2004	Eirunepé/AM	NR	2 months-80 years	413	Spontaneous sedimentation	0.5%	Araújo et al 2005
2002	Botucatu/SP	Preschoolers	0-6 years	279	Spontaneous sedimentation	10.0%	De Carvalho et al. 2006
					Flotation in Zinc Sulfate
					Centrifuge-sedimentation in formaldehyde-ether
					Adhesive tape
2002-2003	Uruguaiana/RS	Preschoolers	5 months-6 years	1288	Spontaneous sedimentation	0.8%	Chavez et al. 2006
2005-2006	Rio de Janeiro/RJ	Pediatric patients with gastroenteritis	0-5 years	213	Centrifuge-sedimentation in formaldehyde-ether	0.5%	Carvalho-Costa et al. 2007
1995-2005	Botucatu/SP	Patients with appendicitis	All	1.600	Histopathological	1.4%	Da Silva et al. 2007
2005	Vespasiano/MG	Preschoolers	1-5 years	176	Centrifuge-sedimentation in formaldehyde-ether	2.5%	Barçante et al. 2008
1969-2004	Caxias do Sul/RS	Schoolers	6-14 years	9.789	Spontaneous sedimentation (1969-1970)	8%	Basso et al. 2008
					Centrifuge-sedimentation in formaldehyde-ether (1971-2004)
					Adhesive tape (1980-1982)
1996	Abadia dos Dourados/MG	Rural and Urban population	All	376	Spontaneous sedimentation	0.5% (Rural population =	Machado et al. 2008
						1.1% Urban population = 0%)
1996-1997	Uberlândia/MG	NR	0-15 years	160	Spontaneous sedimentation	8.8%	Machado et al. 2008
2000	São Paulo/SP	Children	2-14 years	120	Kato-katz Spontaneous sedimentation	1.7%	Korkes et al. 2009
					Flotation in Zinc Sulfate
2004	Presidente Bernardes/SP	Children	0-6 years	101	Spontaneous sedimentation	8.9%	Tashima et al. 2009
					Flotation in Zinc Sulfate
2006	Berilo/MG	Rural and Urban population	0-90 years	149	Kato-katz	2%	Martins et al. 2009
					Centrifuge-sedimentation in formaldehyde-ether	(Rural population = 1.6%
						Urban population = 2.3%)
2007-2008	Coari/AM	Preschoolers	NR	211	Spontaneous sedimentation	2.4%	Monteiro et al. 2009
NR	Patos de Minas/MG	Children	0-6 years	161	Spontaneous sedimentation	0.6%	Silva and Gonçalves da Silva 2010
2007-2008	Chapadinha/MA	General population	All	3933	Spontaneous sedimentation	1%	Silva et al. 2010
2006-2008	Porto Alegre/RS	People with special needs	2-60 years	146	Spontaneous sedimentation	3.4%	Silva et al. 2010
					Flotation in Zinc Sulfate
2007	Manaus/AM	General population	0-85 years	400	Spontaneous sedimentation	11%	Oliveira et al. 2010
2008	Santa Isabel do Rio Negro/AM	NR	0-5 years	113 (Adhesive tape)	Adhesive tape	15% (Adhesive tape)	Valverde et al. 2011
				463 (Centrifuge-sedimentation in formaldehyde-ether)	Centrifuge-sedimentation in formaldehyde-ether	0.6% (Centrifuge-sedimentation in formaldehyde-ether)
NR	Natal/RN	Children residing in orphanage	4-12 years	86	Adhesive tape	72.1%	Campos et al. 2011
1996-1997	Uberlândia/MG	Preschoolers and daycare workers	All	180	Spontaneous sedimentation	2.2%	Machado et al. 2010
2011-2013	Parnaíba/PI	Food handlers	20-59 years	251	Spontaneous sedimentation	13%	Fernandes et al. 2014
					Flotation in Sodium Chloride
NR	Miranda/MS	Indigenous	1-33 years	134	Spontaneous sedimentation	3%	Neres-Norberg et al. 2014
					Flotation in Sodium Chloride
2010	Pelotas/RS	Ostomized individuals	All	71	Centrifuge-sedimentation in formaldehyde-ether	2.8%	Santos et al. 2014
					Flotation in Zinc Sulfate
2012	Florianópolis/SC	Preschoolers	2-6 years	57	Spontaneous sedimentation	1.8%	Santos et al. 2014
					Flotation in Zinc Sulfate
2015	Londrina/PR	General population	Over 18 years	187	Spontaneous sedimentation	0.5%	Benitez et al. 2016
					Flotation in Zinc
					Sulfate
					Flotation in Sodium Chloride
2011-2014	Caxias do Sul/RS	Food handlers	All	331	NR	0.3%	Porto et al. 2016
2010-2011	Ituiutaba/SP	Preschoolers and daycare workers	0-10 years	181 (children = 140	Spontaneous sedimentation	2.3% (children)	Moura et al. 2017
			Over 18 years	Staff = 41)	Centrifuge-sedimentation in formaldehyde-ether	2.4% (staff)
					Flotation in Sodium Chloride
2012-2013	Ribeirão Preto/SP	NR	3-12 years	576	TF-Test Kit	7.3%	Fonseca et al. 2017
NR	São Matheus/ES	intellectual and/or multiple deficiency	15-61 years	50	Spontaneous sedimentation	10.7%	Oliveira Albuquerque and Andrade de Souza 2017
NR	Duque de Caxias/RJ	NR	1-85 years	180	Spontaneous sedimentation	13%	Valença Barbosa et al. 2017
2015	Santo Antonio de Jesus/BA	Rural population	All	144	Spontaneous sedimentation	10.4%	Andrade et al. 2018
					Adhesive tape Kato-katz
2013	Sumidouro/RJ	General population	2-87 years	294	Spontaneous sedimentation	0.7%	Barbosa et al. 2018
					Flotation in Sodium Chloride
2016	Ipê/RS	Rural and Urban population	6-11 years	124	Spontaneous sedimentation	20%	Zanotto et al. 2018
					Flotation in Zinc Sulfate
2008-2009 (Viçosa)	Viçosa e Muriaé/MG	Rural and Urban population	All	419 (Viçosa)	Spontaneous sedimentation	0.95% (Viçosa)	Iasbik et al. 2018
2007-2015 (Muriaé)				1832 (Muriaé)		0.05% (Muriaé)
2016	João Pessoa/PB	Schoolers	5-16 years	150	Spontaneous sedimentation	5.7%	Monteiro et al. 2018
					Para-test kit
2013	Diamantina/MG	Quilombola community	All	78	Spontaneous sedimentation	0.0%	Eustachio et al. 2019
2018	Bandeirantes/PR	Schoolers	10-15 years	112	Spontaneous sedimentation	0.9%	Almeida et al. 2020
					Flotation in Zinc
					Sulfate
					Kato-katz
2015	Maceió/AL	General population	All	1.581	Spontaneous sedimentation	0.4%	Araújo et al. 2020
2017-2019	Vitória da Conquista/BA	Children and adolescents attending non-governmental organizations	4-17 years	116	Spontaneous sedimentation	2.6%	Alves et al. 2021
2016	Foz do Iguaçu/PR	Preschoolers	3-5 years	178	Spontaneous sedimentation	1.7%	Ferreira et al. 2021
					Flotation in Zinc Sulfate
2015-2016	Sinop/MT	Preschoolers and Schoolers	3-12 years	646	Spontaneous sedimentation	0.8%	Carvalho et al. 2022
					Flotation in Zinc
					Sulfate
					Flotation in Sodium Chloride
2017-2019	Rio Branco/AC	General population	All	53.199	Spontaneous sedimentation	0.1%	Sinhorin et al. 2022

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[TFN1] NR: Not reported.