Efeitos da radiação ionizante na cicatrização após periodontite experimental

BORGES, Juliana Simeão; PAULA, Isabella Santos; ALVES, Roberta de Oliveira; OLIVEIRA, Guilherme José Pimentel Lopes de; CARDOSO, Sérgio Vitorino; SPIN-NETO, Rubens; SOARES, Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira

doi:10.1590/1807-2577.20250034

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Original Article • Rev. Odontol. UNESP 54 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.20250034 linkcopiar

Efeitos da radiação ionizante na cicatrização após periodontite experimental

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Introduction Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition caused by the colonization of highly complex, subgingival biofilms on tooth surfaces, that affects the periodontium and alveolar bone.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of ionizing radiation on the repair of periodontal tissues after treatment of experimental periodontitis in rats.

Material and method Periodontal disease was induced by silk ligatures placed around the second mandibular molars for seven days, with the contralateral side serving as non-ligated control. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n=7): non-ligated and non-irradiated (control), non-ligated and irradiated, ligated and non-irradiated, and ligated and irradiated. After ligature removal, animals in the irradiated groups received a single dose of 30 Gy of ionizing radiation applied to the mandibular region at 7 and 20 days. Euthanasia was performed after the experimental period. Micro-computed tomography was used to evaluate alveolar bone loss and bone volume fraction. Histological analyses with hematoxylin and eosin included inflammatory infiltrate, vascularization, hyperemia, Howship’s lacunae, fibrosis, and empty osteocytic lacunae. Data were analyzed with statistical tests, significance set at p<0.05.

Result Animals with periodontal disease showed greater alveolar bone loss compared to controls. Irradiated animals exhibited additional loss relative to non-irradiated ones, regardless of time point. At 20 days, the ligated and irradiated group displayed a significant reduction in bone volume fraction. Histological analysis revealed inflammatory infiltrate, vascular changes, fibrosis, and higher numbers of empty osteocytic lacunae in irradiated groups, suggesting delayed or impaired repair mechanisms.

Conclusion Ionizing radiation negatively affected periodontal repair by intensifying alveolar bone loss and inflammation. These effects may compromise long-term periodontal healing and interfere with bone and soft tissue recovery.

Descriptors:
Periodontal diseases; X-Ray microtomography; alveolar bone loss

Group	Experimental period	CEJ-BC Interproximal	CEJ-BC Buccal and lingual	FC - BC
nPDnIr	7d	0.60 ± 0.08^a	0.47 ± 0.04^a	0.15 ± 0.05^a
nPDnIr	20d	0.41 ± 0.04^a	0.54 ± 0.04^a	0.13 ± 0.02^a
nPDIr	7d	1.02 ± 0.16^b	0.58 ± 0.06^b	0.18 ± 0.05^a
nPDIr	20d	0.71 ± 0.13^b	0.53 ± 0.07^b	0.12 ± 0.02^a
PDnIr	7d	1.27 ± 0.11^c	1.00 ± 0.13^c	0.39 ± 0.14^b
PDnIr	20d	1.17 ± 0.15^c	0.94 ± 0.12^c	0.30 ± 0.09^b
PDIr	7d	1.28 ± 0.18^c	1.11 ± 0.18^d	0.36 ± 0.11^b
PDIr	20d	1.64 ± 0.30^d	1.58 ± 0.33^d	1.01 ± 0.04^c

Group	Experimental period	BV/TV% Interproximal	BV/TV% Furcation
nPDnIr	7d	72.73 ± 1.77^a	79.56 ± 4.36 ^a
nPDnIr	20d	75.45 ± 8.01^a	79.70 ± 7.01^a
nPDIr	7d	66.96 ± 7.15^a,b	72.79 ± 10.10 ^a
nPDIr	20d	62.67 ± 8.69^b,c	71.30 ± 6.17^a
PDnIr	7d	64.00 ± 6.03^a,b	69.12 ± 5.94 ^a
PDnIr	20d	72.94 ± 6.10^a,b	72.02 ± 11.41^a
PDIr	7d	60.27 ± 9.31^b	68.91 ± 8.56 ^a
PDIr	20d	52.26 ± 9.59^c	48.46 ± 16.12^b

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[1] Different letters represent different levels of statistically significant differences. Three-way Anova complemented by Tukey. Groups: nPDnIr: control group (non-ligated and nonirradiated at 7 and 20 days); nPDIr: irradiated group (non-ligated and irradiated at 7 and 20 days); PDnIr - periodontal disease group (ligated and nonirradiated at 7 and 20 days); PDIr: periodontal disease + irradiated group (ligated and irradiated at 7 and 20 days). Abbreviations: cemento-enamel junction (CEJ); bone crest (BC); furcation ceiling (FC).