Association between nutritional status, exclusive breastfeeding and length of hospital stay of children

Breigeiron, Márcia Koja; Miranda, Maitê Nunes de; Souza, Ana Olívia Winiemko de; Gerhardt, Luíza Maria; Valente, Melissa Tumelero; Witkowski, Maria Carolina

doi:10.1590/1983-1447.2015.esp.57459

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Original Article • Rev. Gaúcha Enferm. (Online) 36 (spe) • 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2015.esp.57459 linkcopy

Association between nutritional status, exclusive breastfeeding and length of hospital stay of children

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective To verify the association between nutritional statuses, exclusive breastfeeding and the hospital stay of children.

Method Cross-sectional study. Convenience sample of 146 children aged 1-48 months and their caregivers. Data were collected in paediatric units at a university hospital of southern Brazil from January to August 2012. Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients were used for data analysis.

Results The children were classified as: eutrophic (71.9%), risk for overweight (13.0%) obese (6.2%); thin (4.1%); overweight (2.7%) and extremely thin (2.1%). Exclusive breastfeeding proved to be a protective factor for extremely thin (P = 0.029); and currently breastfeeding (P = 0.024) and previous breastfeeding (P = 0.000) were protective factors for overweight, risk for overweight and obese. The hospital stay was 3.29 ± 0.18 days. The stay was longer for the classifications overweight/obese and shorter for extremely thin/thin (P = 0.785).

Conclusion Nutritional status and exclusive breastfeeding were not risk factors for a longer hospital stay in this sample.

Nutritional status; Weaning; Length of stay; Millennium Development Goals

Variables	n	%
Sex
Female	64	43.8
Male	82	56.2
Age group (months)
1 to 3 months	55	37.7
3.1 to 6 months	38	26.0
6.1 to 12 months	35	24.0
12.1 to 48 months	18	12.3
Declared colour (IBGE) ^(a)
White	108	74.0
Brown	22	15.1
Black	16	10.9
Nutritional status (WHO) ^(b)
Extremely thin	3	2.1
Thin	6	4.1
Eutrophic	105	71.9
Risk for overweight	19	13.0
Overweight	4	2.7
Obese	9	6.2
Basic sanitation
Suitable	134	91.8
Unsuitable	12	8.2
Responsible for the child
Birth mother	113	77.4
Biological father	17	11.6
Non-biological mother	2	1.4
Non-biological father	2	1.4
Other family member	12	8.2
School years of the responsible adult
Less than eight years	59	40.4
Up to eight years	20	13.7
Less than eleven years	39	26.7
Up to eleven years	27	18.5
More than eleven years	1	0.7
Income (IEN) ^(c)
1^st quarter	2	1.4
2^nd quarter	45	30.8
3^rd quarter	56	38.4
4^th quarter	43	29.4

Nutritional status (n)	Primary Care Service		Vaccination coverage

	registered	not registered	complete	incomplete

	n (%)
Extremely thin (3)	1 (33.3)	2 (66.7)	2 (66.7)	1 (33.3)
Thin (6)	4 (66.7)	2 (33.3)	6 (100)	0 (0)
Eutrophic (105)	66 (62.9)	39 (37.1)	76 (72.4)	29 (27.6)
Risk for overweight (19)	13 (68.4)	6 (31.6)	12 (63.2)	7 (36.8)
Overweight (4)	2 (50.0)	2 (50.0)	4 (100)	0 (0)
Obese (9)	7 (77.8)	2 (22.2)	7 (77.8)	2 (22.2)

Nutritional status (n total)	Exclusive breastfeeding

	No longer breastfeeds	Still breastfeeds	Never breastfed

	n (%)
Extremely thin (3)	3 (100)
Thin (6)	3 (50)	1 (16.7)	2 (33.3)
Eutrophic (105)	44 (41.9)	55 (52.4)	6 (5.7)
Risk for overweight (19)	11 (57.9)	1 (5.3)	7 (36.8)
Overweight (4)	3 (75.0)		1 (25.0)
Obesity (9)	8 (88.9)		1 (11.1)

location_on

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Escola de Enfermagem Rua São Manoel, 963 -Campus da Saúde , 90.620-110 - Porto Alegre - RS - Brasil, Fone: (55 51) 3308-5242 / Fax: (55 51) 3308-5436 - Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil
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[TFN1001] Source: Research data, 2012.

[TFN2001] ^aInstituto Brasileiro de Geografia Estatística (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE); ^bWorld Health Organization; ^cIndicador Econômico Nacional (National Economic Indicator).