Percepción del estrés y su asociación con las características socioeconómicas, comportamentales y clínicas de las mujeres, Vitória, 2022: un estudio transversal

Silva, Adriana Geraldina Vicente da; Miguez, Fernanda Garcia Gabira; Siqueira, Loys Lene da Costa; Leite, Franciéle Marabotti Costa

doi:10.1590/S2237-96222025v34e20240224.en

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde 34 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S2237-96222025v34e20240224.en linkcopiar

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10.1590/S2237-96222025v34e20240224.a

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Percepción del estrés y su asociación con las características socioeconómicas, comportamentales y clínicas de las mujeres, Vitória, 2022: un estudio transversal

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objetivo Verificar la percepción de estrés entre los residentes de Vitória, Espírito Santo, y su asociación con características socioeconómicas, comportamentales y clínicas.

Métodos Estudio transversal, basado en la población, con 1086 mujeres de 18 años o más, residentes en Vitória, Espírito Santo. Los niveles de estrés percibido se evaluaron mediante el instrumento Perceived Stress Scale y se realizaron análisis descriptivos y multivariables mediante regresión lineal simple y múltiple. Se utilizó Stata, versión 17.0.

Resultados La percepción media de estrés entre las mujeres residentes en Vitória fue de 16,4 y la desviación estándar de 7,5. Las mujeres de 60 años o más tenían, en promedio, 6,0 puntos menos de estrés percibido en comparación con las mujeres más jóvenes (18 a 24 años). El grupo perteneciente al primer cuartil de ingresos familiares tuvo, en promedio, 1,4 punto más de estrés, y quienes reciben asistencia del gobierno, 1,9 punto más de estrés. Las mujeres sin religión presentaron, en promedio, 1,2 puntosmás de estrés. Se encontraron mayores medias de estrés entre quienes no practicaban actividad física, fumadores y personas con multimorbilidad (p-valor>0,050).

Conclusión Existe una asociación significativa entre la percepción del estrés y las características socioeconómicas, comportamentales y clínicas de las mujeres de Vitória.

Palabras clave
Mujeres; Estrés Psicológico; Factores Socioeconómicos; Epidemiología Analítica; Estudios Transversales

In the last month, how often	D^a	Mean±SD	Median
Have you been upset because of something that happened unexpectedly?	-	1.7±1.3	2.00
Have you felt like you were unable to control important things in your life?	-	1.5±1.3	1.00
Have you been nervous or stressed?	-	2.0±1.2	2.00
Have you been confident in your ability to deal with your personal problems?	+	1.1±1.1	1.00
Did you feel like things turned out the way you expected?	+	1.9±1.2	2.00
Did you think you couldn’t handle all the things you had to do?	-	1.8±1.2	2.00
Have you been able to control annoying issues in your life?	+	1.4±1.2	1.00
Did you feel like every aspect of your life was under control?	+	1.7±1.2	2.00
Have you been angry about things that were out of your control?	-	2.0±1.3	2.00
Have you felt like your problems have piled up so much that wouldn’t be able to solve them?	-	1.3±1.3	1.00
PSS-10 total score		16.4±7.5	17.00

Variables	n^a (%^b )	Mean±SD	p-value
Age group (years)			<0.001
18-24	105 (9.6)	20.3±7.0
25-34	192 (17.6)	18.1±6.9
35-44	227 (20.9)	17.4±7.9
45-59	300 (27.7)	15.4±7.4
60 (or older)	262 (24.1)	13.9±6.9
Race/skin color			0.040
Not White	650 (40.2)	16.8±7.8
White	436 (59.8)	15.8±7.3
Education (years)			0.023
<8	203 (18.7)	15.3±7.6
≥8	883 (81.3)	16.7±7.5
Household income (quartile)			0.003
1st (poorest)	290 (26.7)	17.5±7.6
2nd	288 (26.5)	16.2±7.3
3rd	238 (21.9)	16.7±7.3
4th (richest)	270 (24.9)	15.2±7.6
Marital status			0.004
With partner	886 (81.6)	16.1±7.5
Without a partner	200 (18.4)	17.8±7.3
Religion			<0.001
No	182 (16.8)	18.5±8.3
Yes	904 (83.2)	16.0±7.3
Paid work			0.531
No	598 (55.1)	16.3±7.5
Yes	488 (44.9)	16.7±7.8
Number of people at home			0.004
0-2	412 (37.9)	15.5±7.5
3-5	624 (57.5)	16.9±7.5
≥6	50 (4.6)	17.6±6.2
Has a health plan			0.011
No	514 (47.3)	17.0±7.7
Yes	572 (52.7)	15.9±7.7
Owns own home			0.002
No	317 (29.2)	17.5±7.9
Yes	769 (70.8)	15.9±7.3
Government financial assistance			<0.001
No	895 (82.4)	16.0±7.3
Yes	191 (17.6)	18.1±8.2
Physical activity			<0.001
No	589 (54.2)	17.2±7.6
Yes	497 (45.8)	15.5±7.3
Smoking			0.029
No	804 (74.0)	16.1±7.5
Yes	282 (26.0)	17.2±7.5
Consumption of alcohol			0.008
No	548 (50.7)	15.8±7.45
Yes	532 (49.3)	17.0±7.6
Nutritional status			0.078
Eutrophy	449 (41.4)	16.4±7.4
Low weight	33 (3.0)	16.2±7.6
Overweight	356 (32.8)	15.8±7.6
Obesity	246 (22.8)	17.4±7.6
Multimorbidity			0.196
No	598 (55.1)	16.1±7.2
Yes	488 (44.9)	16.7±7.8

Variables	β (95%CI)	p-value
Age group (years)		<0.001
18-24	1.0
25-34	-2.20 (-3.93; -0.47)
35-44	-2.96 (-4.64; -1.28)
45-59	-4.90 (-6.51; -3.28)
60 (or older)	-6.42 (-8.07; -4.78)
Race/skin color		0.040
Not White	0.95 (0.43; 1.86)
White	1.0
Education (years)		0.023
<8	1.33(0.19; 2.48)
≥8	1.0	0.003
Household income (quartile)
1st (poorest)	2.28 (1.04; 3.52)
2nd	0.96 (-0.29; 2.20)
3rd	1.52 (0.22; 2.82)
4th (richest)	1.0
Marital status		0.004
With partner	1.0
Without a partner	1.68 (0.53; 2.82)
Religion		<0.001
No	2.55 (1.36; 3.74)
Yes	1.0
Paid work		0.530
No	-2.87 (-1.19; 0.61)
Yes	1.0
Number of people in the household		0.004
0-2	1.0
3-5	1.47 (0.54; 2.40)
6 (or more people)	2.14 (-0.55; 4.34)
Has a health plan		0.011
No	1.16 (0.26; 2.05)
Yes	1.0
Owns own home		0.002
No	1.54 (0.56; 2.52)
Yes	1.0
Government financial assistance		<0.001
No	1.0
Yes	2.08 (0.91; 3.25)
Physical activity		<0.001
No	1.65 (0.76; 2.54)
Yes	1.0
Smoking		0.029
No	1.0
Yes	1.31 (0.11; 2.15)
Alcohol consumption (n=1,080)		0.008
No	1.0
Yes	1.22 (0.32-2.11)
Nutritional status (n=1,084)		0.078
Eutrophy	1.0
Low weight	-1.07 (-2.76; 2.55)
Overweight	-0.55 (-1.60; 0.49)
Obesity	1.06 (-0.10; 2.23)
Multimorbidity		0.196
No	1.0
Yes	0.59 (-0.30; 1.49)

Variables	Adjusted β (95%CI)	p-value
Age group (years)		<0.001
18-24	1.0
25-34	-2.23 (-3.95; -0.51)
35-44	-2.79 (-4.46; -1.11)
45-59	-4.63 (-6.26; -3.00)
60 (or more)	-6.04 (-7.71; -4.38)
Race/skin color		0.799
Not White	0.12 (-0.83; -1.07)
White	1.0
Education (years)		0.280
<8	0.67 (-0.55; -1.89)
≥8	1.0
Household income (quartile)		0.003
1st (poorest)	1.35 (0.92; -2.61)
2nd	0.96 (-0.25; -2.17)
3rd	1.58 (0.32; -2.85)
4th (richest)	1.0
Marital status		0.142
With partner	-0.85 (-1.98; -0.28)
Without a partner	1.0
Religion		0.046
No	1.21 (0.19; -2.40)
Yes	1.0
Number of people at home		0.110
0-2	1.0
3-5	1.02 (0.07; -1.97)
6 (or more people)	0.48 (-1.70;-2.65)
Has a health plan		0.805
No	-0.14 (-1.23; -0.95)
Yes	1.0
Owns own home		0.770
No	0.15 (-0.86; -1.16 )
Yes	1.0
Government financial assistance		0.001
No	1.0
Yes	1.86 (0.73; -2.99)
Physical activity		0.001
No	1.46 (0.60; -2.32)
Yes	1.0
Smoking		0.015
No	1.0
Yes	1.22 (0.23; -2.19)
Alcohol consumption (n=1,080)		0.935
No	1.0
Yes	0.04 (-0.86; -0.95)
Nutritional status (n=1,084)		0.407
Eutrophy	1.0
Low weight	-1.23 (-3.75; -1.30)
Overweight	-0.06 (-1.06; -0.95)
Obesity	0.67 (-0.46; -1.81)
Multimorbidity		<0.001
No	1.0
Yes	2.38 (1.44;-3.32)

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[fnte1] ^a D: Scale domains, with negative (-) being responses with negative connotations and positive (+) being responses with positive connotations; ^bPSS-10: Perceived Stress Scale-10.