| 1962 |
"Developmentalist Nacionalism" |
Helio Jaguaribe and Bresser-Pereira (1968) |
Ideology hold by some public sector economists with a nationalist frame of mind. |
| 1960s and 1970s |
"Nacional-Developmentalism" or "Developmentalism" (JK government) |
Sociological School of USP (Fernando Henrique Cardoso and others) |
Critical to ISEB and the nationalist technicians. Analysis focusing on class relations and stressing how industrial business were aligned to oligarchic groups. The former group benefits from State conservative intervention and also from the connections stablished with foreign capital. Developmentalism is an economic strategy aimed to disguise vested class interests and as such takes advantage of "populism". |
| 1980s |
"Nacional - Developmentalism" (period 1930-1980) |
Guido Mantega and José Luis Fiori |
The period 1930-1980 is seen as block. For Mantega, the military regime is a continuation of developmentalist economic policies of the fifties. Fiori’s critical view stress that the State has been captured over the period by the political and economic elites in order to promote "escapes forward" and remove any attempt towards democracy and redistribution. Developmentalism is conservative. |
| 1990s |
"Nacional - Developmentalism" (period 1930-1980) with negative signal |
Gustavo Franco and the new neoliberals |
State intervention and industrialization process are doomed as inflationary, self-sufficient and responsible for inequality. National-developmentalism as failure, a model to be overcome. |
| Years 2000 |
"Nacional - Developmentalism" (period 1930-1980) with positive signal |
Bresser-Pereira and most heterodox economists |
The period is seen as one in which the country faced important transformations in the production structure led by State planning. However, it is combined with growing inequality and internalization of dependency, increased during the military regime. It is not any longer replicable. |
| Lula and Dilma Governments |
"New Developmentalism" X "Social - Developmentalism" |
|
The new developmentalists (led by Bresser-Pereira) argue againt fiscal and exchange-rate" populism", whereas social-desenvolvimentists stress the gains in terms of social inclusion and inequality reduction, leading to the fostering of the internal market and public spending in infrastructure. This view is shared by some heterodox economists. |
| Years 1980 (academic literature) |
"Developmentalism" |
Ricardo Bielschowsky and Lourdes Sola |
As shown before, these interpretations highlight the differences and similarities of the the main currents of though of "developmentalists" and technicians devising tools and concepts in order to understand/orient the industrialization process. In Bielshowsky, "developmentalism" belongs to the material world (with its own periodization) and also to the world of ideas. |
| 1990s and years 2000 (academic literature) |
"Developmentalism" |
Pedro Dutra Fonseca |
Through an in depth analysis of the double nature of "developmentalism" (material world and world of ideas), Fonseca launchs the idea of subtypes of developmentlism. These ideologies/policies share some common denominators: deliberate national project; industrialization with increasing productivity; and conscious intervention of the State. |