Pragmatismo como um pilar do Novo Desenvolvimentismo

PAIVA-SILVA, JOÃO

doi:10.1590/0101-31572020-3099

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Articles • Brazil. J. Polit. Econ. 40 (2) • Apr-Jun 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572020-3099 linkcopiar

Pragmatismo como um pilar do Novo Desenvolvimentismo

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Os estudiosos do Novo Desenvolvimentismo geraram um corpo substancial de conhecimento sobre a transformação estrutural e as políticas que devem ser adotadas para promover sua conquista. No entanto, como é discutido neste artigo, o Novo Desenvolvimentismo, em contraste com o Neoliberalismo, carece de uma base filosófica sólida para legitimar as políticas que favorecem por outros motivos que não a capacidade de gerar prosperidade. Também se argumenta que os novos-desenvolvimentistas deveriam adotar explicitamente uma filosofia pragmática para se tornar uma alternativa mais séria a outras doutrinas da economia política.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE:
Filosofia econômica; história do pensamento econômico; desenvolvimento econômico; Novo Desenvolvimentismo; institucionalismo

As existing phenomenon
Revival of interventionism	Deyo (2002) describes the revival of interventionist policies after the post-Asian Financial Crisis period in Thailand.
Democratic interventionism	Cho (2000) differentiates among authoritarian developmentalism and the one that emerged after democratic rule started.
Latin America since the 2000s	Refers to the interventionist wave in Latin America, mainly focused on the increase in social expenditure (North and Grinspun, 2016).
As aggregation of economic ideas
Mount Holyoke ND	Attempt to 'name' the approach followed by authors such as Alice Amsden, Robert Wade, Ha-Joon Chang, focused on the study of the East Asian development experiences.
Ha-Joon Chang ND	A proposed approach that consists of 'old' developmentalism+human development+ better understanding of political, institutional and technological issues.
São Paulo ND	Post-Keynesian Macroeconomics + Industrial Policy + Historical deductive methodology + Political Economy + Human Development. 'Ten Theses' signed by Post-Keynesians and Institutional Productionists.

Type of argument	Description
Consequentialist	Neoliberal policies generate the greatest prosperity, equilibrium or other desirable outcome.
Naturalistic	Neoliberal policies are more 'natural' than others, given there is the market primacy assumption amongst its proponents.
Impossibility of interpersonal comparisons of utility	Given that individuals cannot compare their utility levels in cardinal terms and there are is no 'law' of diminishing marginal returns to income, state intervention that aims at benefiting the poor at the expense of the rich cannot be said to have a positive welfare impact.
Pareto improvement + restrictive notion of market failure	A society can only be said to be better i.i.f., someone is made better of without someone being made worse off. Market failures exist, and an improvement can be made with state intervention, but they are restricted to a small set of domains.
Libertarian	Market exchanges are based on voluntary interactions among free individuals. Neoliberal policies are the most legitimate because they aim at increasing the freedom of individuals.

Issue	Neoliberal Philosophy	Veblen's Metaphysics
Curbing Inequality	People are paid what they are worth and factors remunerated according to productivity (Neoclassical) + Market is based on voluntary exchanges (Libertarian)	It is not possible to trace individual contributions to the total produce + the market is already embedded in institutions and (voluntary) economic decisions are done with ex-ante knowledge about distribution
Controlling large corporations	Firms are a collection of ahistorical inputs - nexus of contracts	Firms are an historical product of the society in which they are embedded in
Financialization - shareholder value	Shareholders portrayed as providers of capital, as input	Shareholders as 'anonymous pensioners' who own a right to a cash stream
Financialization - the role of finance in society	Finance as productive	Finance as rentier, can be counterproductive
Luxury Consumption	Preferences are not for discussion - luxury goods can be said not to exist	Luxury consumption as a positional endeavour. The notion of wasteful consumption can exist

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[TFN1] Source: Elaborated by the author.