Efectos de la auriculoterapia en el tratamiento de las náuseas y los vómitos: una revisión sistemática

Fróes, Nathaly Bianka Moraes; Arrais, Francisca Ariane de Souza; Aquino, Priscila de Souza; Maia, Juliana Cunha; Balsells, Marianne Maia Dutra

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2020-1350

Tabla de contenido Anterior Actual Siguiente

Tabla de contenido

REVIEW • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 75 (01) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-1350 linkcopiar

Efectos de la auriculoterapia en el tratamiento de las náuseas y los vómitos: una revisión sistemática

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objetivos: identificar la efectividad de la auriculoterapia en el tratamiento de náuseas y vómitos mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica.

Métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en las bases de datos Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, LILACS y Cochrane. Se seleccionaron artículos de investigación completa de ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorios que describen el uso de la auriculoterapia en el tratamiento de náuseas y vómitos, sin restricción de fecha o idioma.

Resultados: se seleccionaron 11 artículos para su análisis. La mayoría se acercó a la población en situaciones quirúrgicas, seguida de pacientes en quimioterapia y embarazadas. En cuanto a los resultados, el 81% (n=8) de los artículos informaron que las náuseas y los vómitos fueron de menor incidencia y/o intensidad en el grupo de intervención.

Conclusiones: la revisión aportó datos relevantes sobre los efectos de la auriculoterapia en el tratamiento de las náuseas y los vómitos, con disminución de la intensidad y frecuencia de estos síntomas en diferentes poblaciones.

Descriptores:
Auriculoterapia; Prácticas Integradoras; Revisión Sistemática; Náuseas; Vómitos

Author / Year		Database	Title
01	Feng et al.⁽¹⁴⁾ (2017)	Scopus	Auricular acupressure in the prevention of postoperative nausea and emesis: A randomized controlled trial⁽¹⁴⁾
02	Eghbali et al.⁽⁷⁾ (2016)	Scopus	Effect of auricular acupressure on nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy among breast cancer patients⁽⁷⁾
03	Chen et al.⁽¹⁵⁾ (2015)	Scopus	Acupuncture for pain relief after total knee arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial⁽¹⁵⁾
04	Chung et al.⁽¹⁶⁾ (2014)	Scopus	Acupoint stimulation to improve analgesia quality for lumbar spine surgical patients⁽¹⁶⁾
05	Wetzel et al.⁽¹⁰⁾ (2011)	Scopus	The effect of auricular acupuncture on fentanyl requirement during hip arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial⁽¹⁰⁾
06	Sahmeddini, Fazelzadeh⁽¹⁷⁾ (2008)	Scopus	Does auricular acupuncture reduce postoperative vomiting after cholecystectomy?⁽¹⁷⁾
07	Puangsricharern, Mahasukhon⁽⁹⁾ (2008)	Scopus	Effectiveness of auricular acupressure in the treatment of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy⁽⁹⁾
08	Sator-Katzenschlager⁽¹⁸⁾ (2006)	Scopus	Auricular electro-acupuncture as an additional perioperative analgesic method during oocyte aspiration in IVF treatment⁽¹⁸⁾
09	Kim, Kim, Kim⁽¹⁹⁾ (2003)	Scopus	Clinical observations on postoperative vomiting treated by auricular acupuncture⁽¹⁹⁾
10	Yeh, Tsou, Lee⁽²⁰⁾ (2010)	Lilacs	Effects of auricular acupressure on pain reduction in patient-controlled analgesia after lumbar spine surgery⁽²⁰⁾
11	Kong et al.⁽¹¹⁾ (2018)	Cochrane	Auricular point acupressure improved nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and nutritional status in gastric cancer patients receiving oral s-1 therapy⁽¹¹⁾

Study (author, year, country)		Study objectives	Population	Use of instruments in the assessment of nausea and vomiting
01	Feng et al.⁽¹⁴⁾ (2017) USA	To investigate the benefits of auricular acupressure compared to sham points or placebo using a reduction in nausea postoperatively as the primary outcome after general anesthesia for knee arthroscopy patients at high-risk for Postoperative nausea and vomiting.	150 adult patients in the postoperative period of arthroscopy. Test (auriculotherapy with gold spheres) 50 patients; Placebo (transparent adhesive only): 53 patients; Sham points: 47 patients (gold spheres 5 mm from the treatment points).	No specific instrument was used. The incidence was found based on the number of episodes of nausea and vomiting.
02	Eghbali et al.⁽⁷⁾(2016) Iran	To determine the effect of auricular acupressure in relieving nausea and vomiting among women who received chemotherapy.	48 women undergoing chemotherapy. Intervention: 24 women (drug of choice for nausea and auriculotherapy with seeds); Control: 24 women (drug of choice for nausea).	Morrow Assessment of nausea and emesis.
03	Chen et al.⁽¹⁵⁾ (2015) Taiwan	To test whether the acupuncture therapy protocol, including knee Electro-acupuncture scalp acupuncture and auricular acupuncture of specific points are superior to sham auricular acupuncture in analgesia.	62 adult patients in the knee arthroplasty postoperative. Intervention: 31 patients (auriculotherapy with semi-permanent needles); Sham group: 31 patients (semi-permanent needles with the tips folded at the same points as the intervention group).	No specific instrument was used. The incidence was found based on the number of episodes of nausea and vomiting.
04	Chung et al.⁽¹⁶⁾ (2014) Taiwan	To examine the effects of acupoint stimulation on postoperative analgesia quality, analgesic consumption, and severity during postoperative nausea and vomiting among three groups.	135 adult patients in the postoperative period of lumbar spine surgery. Intervention: 45 patients (auriculotherapy with seeds); Sham group: 45 patients (adhesive only, without seeds); Control: 45 patients (without auriculotherapy, only standard treatment).	Rhodes Index of Nausea, Vomiting and Retching.
05	Wetzel et al.⁽¹⁰⁾ (2011) Germany	To assess if auriculotherapy reduces the need for intraoperative analgesics during total hip arthroplasty.	120 adult patients in the intraoperative period of hip arthroplasty. Intervention: 60 patients (auriculotherapy with semi-permanent needles); Sham group: 60 patients (auriculotherapy at points not related to treatment points).	No specific instrument was used. The incidence was found based on the number of episodes of nausea and vomiting.
06	Sahmeddini, Fazelzadeh⁽¹⁷⁾ (2008) Iran	To assess the effectiveness of auricular acupuncture in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after cholecystectomy.	100 adult patients in the postoperative period of cholecystectomy. Intervention: 50 patients (auriculotherapy with needles); Control: standard treatment.	Visual Analogue Scale.
07	Puangsricharern, Mahasukhon⁽⁹⁾ (2008) Bangkok	To evaluate the effectiveness of auricular acupressure in the treatment of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy.	98 pregnant women. Intervention: 49 pregnant women (auriculotherapy with a magnetic sphere and 50mg of dimenhydrate every 6 hours in case of intolerable nausea/vomiting); 49 pregnant women (50mg of dimenhydrate every 6 hours in case of intolerable nausea/vomiting).	Rhodes Index of Nausea, Vomiting and Retching.
08	Sator-Katzenschlager⁽¹⁸⁾ (2006) Austria	To compare the pain-relieving effect and the subjective wellbeing between auricular electro-acupuncture analgesia, auricular acupuncture and conventional analgesia with remifentanil.	94 women in oocyte collection procedure for in vitro fertilization. Auricular electro-acupuncture (disposable titanium needles, 2 mA stimulus): 32 women; auriculotherapy with needles: 32 women; control (adhesive without needles): 32 women.	Visual Analogue Scale.
09	Kim, Kim, Kim (2003)⁽¹⁹⁾ South Korea	To evaluate auricular acupuncture as an antiemetic treatment for postoperative vomiting episodes after transabdominal hysterectomy.	100 women in the postoperative period of abdominal hysterectomy. Intervention (needle auriculotherapy): 50 women; control (without intervention): 50 women.	No specific instrument was used. The incidence was found based on the number of episodes of nausea and vomiting.
10	Yeh, Tsou, Lee⁽²⁰⁾ (2010) Taiwan	To examine the adjuvant effects of auricular acupressure in increasing patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with morphine and droperidol for postoperative lumbar surgery in terms of satisfaction with postoperative pain relief and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.	74 adult patients in the postoperative period of lumbar surgery. Intervention (auriculotherapy with seeds): 36 patients; control (standard treatment with analgesics and antiemetics): 38 patients.	No specific instrument was used. The incidence was found based on the number of episodes of nausea and vomiting.
11	Kong et al.⁽¹¹⁾ (2018) China	To explore the effectiveness of auricular acupressure in controlling gastrointestinal dysfunction and improving nutritional status in cancer patients receiving oral S-1 treatment.	95 adult patients undergoing chemotherapy for gastric cancer. Intervention (auriculotherapy with seeds): 49 patients; control (auriculotherapy at points not connected to the digestive system): 46 patients.	Guideline of the National Cancer Institute for common toxicity criteria.

Study		Points used	Pressure time and frequency applied	Total treatment time	Effects of auriculotherapy
01	Feng et al.⁽¹⁴⁾ (2017)	Shenmen, Point Zero and Subcortex.	Not informed	24 hours	There was significantly less nausea in the intervention group compared to placebo (p=0.000), both in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit and in the 24-hour telephone follow-up. Nausea decreased, but the number of vomiting episodes showed no significant difference.
02	Eghbali et al.⁽⁷⁾ (2016)	Point Zero, Stomach, Brainstem, Shenmen and Cardia.	3 minutes at each point, 3 times a day.	5 days	The number and intensity of nausea episodes in the groups that received auricular acupressure were lower compared to the group that did not receive it (p <0.001).
03	Chen et al.⁽¹⁵⁾ (2015)	Shenmen, Knee, Sympathetic.	5 minutes if pain.	48 hours	10% of patients in the intervention group had nausea, compared to 50% of patients in the control group (p=0.002).
04	Chung et al.⁽¹⁶⁾ (2014)	Shenmen, Lumbosacral, Kidneys, Subcortex and Stomach	3 minutes at each point.	3 days	The severity of post-operative nausea and vomiting was reduced during the first 72 hours after surgery (p=0.02). Greater need for the use of antiemetics by the control group.
05	Wetzel et al.⁽¹⁰⁾ (2011)	Hip, Shenmen and Lung	Not informed	Not informed	There were no significant differences in the incidence of nausea between groups (p=0.18). Although the incidence in the intervention group (6 patients) was lower than the control group (11 patients).
06	Sahmeddini, Fazelzadeh⁽¹⁷⁾ (2008)	Sympathetic, Stomach, Shenmen, Occiput.	Not informed	Not informed	The incidence of vomiting episodes in the treatment group was 0%, while in the control group it was 66% (p<0.01). The incidence of nausea in the treatment group was 6% and in the control group 74%.
07	Puangsricharern, Mahasukhon⁽⁹⁾ (2008)	Stomach	30 seconds, 4 times a day.	6 days	The scores in the intervention group were lower than the control group. However, when comparing the averages of the Rhodes Index of Nausea, Vomiting and Retching scale, there was no significant difference (p>0.05).
08	Sator-Katzenschlager⁽¹⁸⁾(2006)	Shenmen, Uterus, Cushion.	Not informed	24 hours	Seven patients in the auricular electro-acupuncture group (21.9%), five patients in the auricular acupuncture group (15.6%) and seven patients in the control group (24.1%) reported nausea during the procedure with no significant difference between the groups (p=0.6904). After surgery, only two patients in the control group (6.9%) reported nausea and vomiting (p<0.001).
09	Kim, Kim, Kim⁽¹⁹⁾ (2003)	Shenmen, Sympathetic, Stomach, Occipital.	Not informed	12 hours	There was a statistically significant difference between the control group and the auricular acupuncture treatment group in the incidence of vomiting in the first 12 hours after surgery (68% and 30%, respectively, p<0.01). At all other times when vomiting was evaluated, the incidence was lower in the treatment group compared to the control group.
10	Yeh, Tsou, Lee⁽²⁰⁾ (2010)	Shenmen, Occipital, Lumbosacral Vertebra, Stomach, Cardia and Endocrine	3 minutes at each point, 4 times a day.	3 days.	The study did not support the use of auriculotherapy to treat postoperative nausea and vomiting. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was slightly higher in the control group, although it was not statistically significant (p=0.68).
11	Kong et al.⁽¹¹⁾ (2018)	Shenmen, Stomach, Cardia, Sympathetic, Subcortex, Liver and Spleen.	3 minutes, 3 times a day.	21 days.	The duration of nausea was longer in the control group as well as nausea ≥ grade 2 (p=0.019 and p=0.034, respectively). Vomiting episodes were more severe in the control group, compared to the experimental group (p<0.001).

Study	Randomization process	Deviations from interventions	Missing outcome data	Measurement of the outcome	Selection of the reported result	Overall risk
Study 1	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Study 2	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Study 3	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Study 4	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Study 5	Low	Low	Low	High	Low	High
Study 6	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Study 7	Low	Low	Low	High	Low	High
Study 8	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Study 9	Some concerns	Low	Low	Low	Low	Some concerns
Study 10	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Study 11	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low

location_on

Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem SGA Norte Quadra 603 Conj. "B" - Av. L2 Norte 70830-102 Brasília, DF, Brasil, Tel.: (55 61) 3226-0653, Fax: (55 61) 3225-4473 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: reben@abennacional.org.br

rss_feed Acompañe los números de esta revista en su lector de RSS