<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> and <i>Neospora caninum</i> in dogs from the state of Tocantins: serology and associated factors

Raimundo, Juliana Macedo; Guimarães, Andresa; Moraes, Larissa Martins de Brito; Santos, Lucélia Azevedo; Nepomuceno, Leandro Lopes; Barbosa, Silvia Minharro; Pires, Marcus Sandes; Santos, Huarrisson Azevedo; Massard, Carlos Luiz; Machado, Rosangela Zacarias; Baldani, Cristiane Divan

doi:10.1590/S1984-29612015068

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Research Note • Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 24 (4) • Oct-Dec 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612015068 linkcopy

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in dogs from the state of Tocantins: serology and associated factors

Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum em cães provenientes de Tocantins: sorologia e fatores associados

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

This study investigated occurrences of anti-Neospora caninum and anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies by means of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFAT), along with risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis and neosporosis, in 204 dogs from urban and rural areas of the municipality of Araguaína, state of Tocantins, Brazil. One hundred and thirty samples (63.7%) were positive for T. gondii using ELISA: 57.1% and 70.7% in the urban and rural areas, respectively. The seropositivity frequency for T. gondii observed through IFAT was 57.4%, distributed between rural and urban areas as 62.6% and 52.4%, respectively. The factors associated with canine toxoplasmosis were age and breed (p<0.05). In relation to N. caninum, 88 samples (43.1%) were positive, according to ELISA, distributed as 42.9% in urban areas and 43.3% in rural areas. Anti - N. caninum antibodies were detected through IFAT in 62 dogs (30.4%), distributed as 31.3% and 29.5% between rural and urban areas, respectively. Age and breed were associated with neosporosis occurrence (p<0.05) by IFAT. This study provides the first detection of IgG antibodies for canine toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in the state of Tocantins and highlights the importance of dogs in the epidemiological chain of these diseases.

Keywords:
Dogs; toxoplasmosis; neosporosis; ELISA; IFAT

Seropositivity
Area	Number of dogs	T.gondii (N/%)		N. caninum (N/%)		Co-infection
Area	Number of dogs	ELISA	IFAT	ELISA	IFAT	ELISA	IFAT
Rural	99	70(70.7)^a	62(62.6)^a	43(43.4)^a	31(31.3)^a	38(38.4)	25(25.3)
Urban	105	60(57.1)^a	55(52.4)^a	45(42.9)^a	31(29.5)^a	34(32.4)	24(22.9)

IFAT	Toxoplasma gondii		Neospora caninum
IFAT	ELISA test
	Positive	Negative	Positive	Negative
Positive	111 (54.4%)	19 (9.4%)	53 (26%)	9 (4.4%)
Negative	6 (2.9%)	68 (33.3%)	35 (17.1%)	107 (52.5%)

location_on

Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária FCAV/UNESP - Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, , 14884-900 Jaboticabal - SP, Brasil, Fone: (16) 3209-7100 RAMAL 7934 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cbpv_rbpv.fcav@unesp.br

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[1] Same letters in the same column do not differ by Chi-square test at 5% significance.

[2] N: number of positive dogs; %: percentage of positive dogs.

Variable	Dogs (N)	Toxoplasma gondii				Neospora caninum
		ELISA		IFAT		ELISA		IFAT
		Positive (%)	p (Χ²)	Positive (%)	p (Χ²)	Positive (%)	p (Χ²)	Positive (%)	p (Χ²)
Age
<6 m	37	14 (37.8)^b		15(40.5)^a		10 (27.0)^b		7 (18.9)^a
>6 m - <2y	96	62 (64.6)^a	0.0094	56(58.3)^a	0.0991	40 (41.7)^ba	0.1731	27(28.1)^a	0.3849
>2 - <5y	51	38 (74.5)^a	0.0012	32(62.7)^a	0.0651	25 (49.0)^ba	0.0629	19(37.3)^a	0.1043
>5 y	20	16 (80.0)^a	0.0048	14(70.0)^a	0.0518	13 (65.0)^a	0.0100	9 (45.0)^a	0.0622
Gender
Female	86	53 (61.6)^a		48(55.8)^a		32 (37.2)^a		21(24.4)^a
Male	118	77 (65.3)^a	0.7006	69(58.5)^a	0.8134	56 (47.5)^a	0.1881	41(34.7)^a	0.1529
Breed
Pure breed	29	139(44.8)^b		9(31.0)^b		8 (27.6)^a		3(10.3)^b
Mixed-breed	175	117(66.9)^a	0.0378	108(61.7)^a	0.0039	80 (45.7)^a	0.1045	59(33.7)^a	0.0094
Activity area
Inside the house	21	10 (47.6)^a		10(47.6)^a		9 (42.9)^a		6(28.6)^a
Yard/Street	183	120 (65.5)^a	0.1489	107(58.5)^a	0.3604	79 (43.2)^a	1.0000	56(30.6)^a	1.0000
Presence of other animals
No	35	17 (48.6)^a		15(42.9)^a		11 (31.4)^a		9(25.7)^a
Yes	169	113 (66.9)^a	0.0635	102(60.4)^a	0.1636	77 (45.6)^a	0.1773	53(31.4)^a	0.6461
Presence of cats
No	115	74 (64.3)^a		65(56.5)^a		21 (38.9)^a		38(33)^a
Yes	54	39 (72.2)^a	0.4016	37(68.5)^a	0.1875	56 (48.7)^a	0.3039	15(27.8)^a	0.6099
Presence of dogs
No	124	-		-		56 (45.2)^a		16(35.6)^a
Yes	45	-		-		21 (46.7)^a	0.9992	37(29.8)^a	0.3171
Consumption of hunted meat
No	174	108 (62.1)^a		96(55.2)^a		75 (43.1)^a		51(29.3)^a
Yes	30	22 (73.3)^a	0.3273	21(70)^a	0.1626	13 (43.3)^a	0.8602	11(36.7)^a	0.5192