| Steenweg-de-Graaff et al.6
|
2015 |
Rotterdam, Netherlands. |
The concentration of folic acid at the beginning of pregnancy does not show a direct relationship with autism in the offspring. However, it shows a decrease in traces of childhood autism, related to early folic acid supplementation. |
| Neggers14
|
2014 |
Alabama, USA. |
Autism may be related to the potential association between DNA methylation by high folic acid intake, food fortification with folic acid, and it may also be pointed out as a protective factor for autism. Therefore, the cause of autism could not be affirmed, only possible relations with the problem, being necessary further studies in this respect. |
| Braun et al.7
|
2014 |
Cincinnati, Ohio, USA |
Among the mother-son pairs who used multivitamins with folic acid in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, it was shown to have a beneficial effect in reducing autistic characteristics. When the concentrations of folate in maternal whole blood alone were seen, a protective relationship against the disorder was not observed. |
| Berry et al.15
|
2013 |
Atlanta, Georgia, USA. |
The increasing number of ASD cases, together with the fortification of food folic acid, leads to some aspects of ASD. It may be protective in relation to folic acid supplementation and ASD or it may have an adverse effect of this excessive supplementation, increasing the risk for the problem. As its role is not yet clear regarding its relationship with ASD, future studies are needed. |
| Schmidt8
|
2013 |
California, USA. |
The prevalence of ASD decreases as preconception folic acid is used and in early pregnancy. A 40% decrease in the risk of developing the disorder is observed. |
| Gao et al.21
|
2016 |
Columbia, USA. |
Although studies have been observed that indicate a relationship between folic acid supplementation and autism, most of the articles studied in this review suggest that folic acid supplementation in the pregnancy has a protective effect against ASD. |
| Raghavan et al.18
|
2018 |
Boston, USA. |
Based on folate measured in the maternal blood plasma, there is a relationship between increased and decreased folic acid consumption with an increased risk of ASD. However, moderate intake of multivitamins indicates a decreased risk for ASD. |
| Strøm et al.22
|
2018 |
Denmark |
The supplementary consumption of preconception folic acid and at the beginning of pregnancy did not present ASD as an outcome. A detailed examination of genetic factors and biomarkers of exposure is necessary. |
| Wang et al.9
|
2017 |
China |
Maternal folic acid supplementation demonstrates protective action against ASD. The consumption of folic acid could allow a significant reduction in the risk of the disorder when compared with those who did not perform the supplementation. |
| Rangel-Rivera et al.16
|
2015 |
Colombia |
Folic acid remains a major ally against structural defects of the central nervous system. There are aspects that affirm its protective effect in relation to ASD, but this study is inconclusive to affirm its protection. |
| Wiens et al.13
|
2017 |
Iowa, USA. |
Excessive consumption of folic acid proves not to be innocuous, high levels of nonmetabolized folic acid denote a negative effect on neurological development, being consequently related to disorders such as ASD. |
| Moussa et al.10
|
2016 |
Houston, Texas, USA. |
Preconception and early pregnancy folic acid consumption show a positive effect in reducing the risk of ASD, but its effects are not known if used during the entire pregnancy. |
| Neggers17
|
2014 |
Alabama, USA. |
Fortification of folic acid associated with preconception folic acid supplementation has shown a close relationship with the increase in the number of ASD cases. Further studies in this area are needed to reach a conclusion. |
| DeVilbiss et al.19
|
2015 |
Philadephia, USA. |
Folic acid consumption has shown a relationship with ASD, and this relationship is both with risk, related to high consumption, and with insufficient intake, given its necessity in neurodevelopment. The dosage of folic acid, vitamin B12 and homocysteine is necessary for a more complete and conclusive evaluation of this relationship. |
| Surén et al.11
|
2013 |
Norway |
Maternal folic acid supplementation between the 4th week and before the 8th week after the beginning of pregnancy is associated with a lower risk of ASD. However, the inverse association observed represents a causal relationship, indicating that folate deficiency around conception and early pregnancy, or reduced capacity to use available folate, are important causes of ASD. |
| Tan et al.12
|
2019 |
China |
The study demonstrates that maternal use of folic acid and/or micronutrients during pregnancy offer reduced the risk of autistic characteristics in the offspring. Observing characteristic signs regarding social cognition, media, autism behavioral mannerisms, adaptive behavior, coarse motor behavior and problems in gastrointestinal tract of children with ASD. There is also a relationship with the consumption of the micronutrient in pregnancy and vitamin status in children with ASD. |
| Altamimi20
|
2018 |
Palestine |
Through a systematic review, the relationship of ASD with maternal use of micronutrients was evaluated, and it was observed that folic acid can be related to ASD due to its relationship with glutathione, a product of the methionine cycle that depends on folic acid and B12. This element is involved in neuroprotection against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the brain. According to studies, glutathione is deficient in children with autism compared with typically developed children. |
Associação da suplementação de ácido fólico materno com o transtorno do espectro do autismo: uma revisão sistemática
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