A survey of <i>Stomoxys</i> Geoffroy, 1762 (Diptera: Muscidae) in eight administrative regions of Cameroon

Lendzele, Sevidzem Silas; Kong, Anita Burinyuy; Koumba, Aubin Armel; Mielke, Sarah Rebecca; Nguema, Rodrigue Mintsa; Bozdoğan, Hakan; Mouiche, Mohamed Mouliom Moctar; Abdoulmoumini, Mamoudou; Mavoungou, Jacques François

doi:10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2023-0023

person Sevidzem Silas Lendzele *

conceived and supervised the study · undertook collection of field data · identified all the species · constructed all the Stomoxys distribution maps · interpreted the data · wrote initial manuscript

schoolUniversité Libreville Nord, Laboratoire d’Écologie des Maladies Transmissibles (LEMAT), Libreville, Gabon.

0000-0001-5254-3347

person Anita Burinyuy Kong

conceived and supervised the study · undertook collection of field data · constructed all the Stomoxys distribution maps · interpreted the data · wrote initial manuscript

schoolUniversity of Ngaoundéré, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.

person Aubin Armel Koumba

constructed all the Stomoxys distribution maps

schoolInstitut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET/CENAREST), Département de Biologie et Ecologie Animale, Libreville, Gabon.

person Sarah Rebecca Mielke

conducted statistical analysis · interpreted the data · wrote initial manuscript

schoolAnimal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, United States.

person Rodrigue Mintsa Nguema

conceived and supervised the study

schoolUniversité Libreville Nord, Laboratoire d’Écologie des Maladies Transmissibles (LEMAT), Libreville, Gabon.schoolInstitut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET/CENAREST), Département de Biologie et Ecologie Animale, Libreville, Gabon.

person Hakan Bozdoğan

revised the drafts

schoolKirsehir Ahi Evran University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Plant and Animal Production, Kirsehir, Turkey.

person Mohamed Mouliom Moctar Mouiche

conceived and supervised the study

schoolUniversity of Ngaoundéré, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.

person Mamoudou Abdoulmoumini

conceived and supervised the study

schoolUniversity of Ngaoundéré, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.

person Jacques François Mavoungou

conceived and supervised the study

schoolInstitut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET/CENAREST), Département de Biologie et Ecologie Animale, Libreville, Gabon.

person*Corresponding author.
E-mail:sevidzem.lendze@gmail.com (S.S. Lendzele).

Associate Editor: Luiz Roberto Faria Jr.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

groupsAuthor contribution statement

SSL, ABK, MA, MMMM, RMN, JFM conceived and supervised the study. SSL and ABK undertook collection of field data and SSL identified all the species. AAK, ABK and SSL constructed all the Stomoxys distribution maps. SRM conducted statistical analysis. ABK, SSL and SRM interpreted the data and wrote initial manuscript while HB revised the subsequent drafts. All authors read and approved the final manuscript for publication and remain in agreement on all aspects of the work.

SN	AEZ	Administrative region	Major cattle rearing regions	Characteristics of trapping points	Trap type	N° of Traps	Time interval	Trapping period
I	Sudan savanna	Far North	x	Marshy land around livestock drinking and grazing spots, Open grass Savanna and Gallery forest	Nzi	20	20^th of March to 6^th of April 2015	Traps were set at 8 am and emptied at 6 pm.
I	Sudan savanna	North	x	Game Reserve, River banks and livestock grazing spots	Vavoua, Biconical and Nzi	39	2^nd of March to 8^th of March, 2015	Traps set at 8 am and emptied at 6 pm.
II	Rainforest	Littoral		Open forest, cattle grazing spots, humid and closed forest with tall canopy trees	Vavoua, Biconical and Nzi	18	6^th of January to 9^th of May 2017	Traps were set at 6 am and emptied at 6 pm.
III	Guinee savanna	Adamawa	x	Lake Djalingo with open grass Savanna representing cattle grazing spots, forest- Savanna mosaic, River vina banks, and gallery forest	Vavoua, Biconical, Nzi and MVT	56	4^th of October 2016 to 18^th of June 2017	Traps were set at 7 am and emptied at 6 pm.
IV	Mosaic forest	East		Gallery forests, cattle corrals and river banks representing animal drinking spots	Nzi and Vavoua	6	15^th of February to 26^th and 15^th of May to 26^th 2017	Traps were emptied after 24 hrs of exposition.
		Center		Livestock settlement areas	Vavoua	30	24^th October to 1^st November 2017	Traps were set at 10 am and emptied at 4 pm.
		South		Human settlement areas, forest and mangrove	Vavoua	30	9^th to 13^th of July 2016	Traps were checked every 7 am.
V	Highland plateau	North West	x	Open grass savanna-forest mosaic representing cattle grazing spots	Biconical	5	11^th of December 2013 to 25^th of May 2014	Traps were set at 7 am and emptied at 6 pm.

AEZ	Region	n	Sc	Si	Snb	Snn	So	Ss	St	Sx
Guinean Savanna	Adamawa	7	x	x	x	x	x		x	x
Sudan Savanna	North	4	x		x	x		x
	Far North	1				x
Mosaic Forest	East	4			x	x	x			x
	South	5	x		x	x	x			x
	Center	1
Rain Forest	Littoral	4	x			x	x			x
Highland Plateau	North West	2	x			x

Agro-ecological zone	Region	min	max	median	mean	Significance
Guinea savanna	Adamawa	1	30	2	5.6	ab
Highland Plateau	North West	0	5	1	1.7	ac
Mosaic forest	East, South, Center	0	13	1	2.5	ac
Sudan savanna	Far North	0	200	6.5	22.2	b
Sudan savanna	North	0	3	0	1.0	c

[1] SN: site number; AEZ: agro-ecological zone; SODEPA: livestock production and exploitation corporation; x: major cattle rearing regions.

A survey of Stomoxys Geoffroy, 1762 (Diptera: Muscidae) in eight administrative regions of Cameroon