Potassium fertilization in the cultivation of sour passion fruit under irrigation strategies with brackish water

Pinheiro, Francisco W. A.; Lima, Geovani S. de; Sousa, Pedro F. do N.; Souza, Weslley B. B. de; Soares, Lauriane A. dos A.; Gheyi, Hans R.; Felix, Charles M.; Paiva, Francisco J. da S.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n1p42-50

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Articles • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 27 (1) • Jan 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n1p42-50 linkcopy

Potassium fertilization in the cultivation of sour passion fruit under irrigation strategies with brackish water¹

Adubação potássica no cultivo de maracujazeiro-azedo sob estratégias de irrigação com água salobra

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

In the Brazilian semiarid region, the occurrence of water sources with high salt concentrations stands out as a limiting factor for the production of most crops under irrigated conditions. This research was conducted to evaluate the physical and chemical quality of sour passion fruit as a function of brackish water irrigation strategies and potassium doses. The experiment was carried out under field conditions using a randomized block design in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme, consisting of six strategies of irrigation with brackish water (irrigation with water of 1.3 dS m^-1 throughout the cycle - WS; irrigation with water of 4.0 dS m^-1 in the vegetative stage - VE; flowering stage - FL; fruiting stage - FR; in the successive vegetative/flowering stages - VE/FL; vegetative/fruiting stages - VE/FR) and two potassium doses: 60 and 100% (345 g of K₂O per plant per year) of recommendation, with four replicates and three plants per plot. Irrigation with water of 4.0 dS m^-1 in the flowering stage or continuously in the vegetative and flowering stages reduced the yield and size of sour passion fruit. Fertilization with 60% of K is recommended for the production of sour passion fruits with greater polar diameter. It is feasible to cultivate sour passion fruit under irrigation with 4.0 dS m^-1 of water in the flowering and fruiting stages and fertilization with 60% of the K recommendation without losses in ascorbic acid and total soluble sugars.

Key words:
Passiflora edulis; salt stress; bioactive compounds

Potassium dose of 60% of the recommendation promotes greater polar diameter of sour passion fruit.

Regardless of irrigation strategy and K, the pH and titratable acidity of the pulp remain within the ideal range.

Salt stress in the vegetative and vegetative/fruiting stages stimulates the synthesis of flavonoids and anthocyanins.

Chemical attributes
pH H₂O (1:2.5)		OM (dag kg^-1)		P (mg kg^-1)		K⁺		Na⁺		Ca²⁺		Mg²⁺		Al³⁺		H⁺
pH H₂O (1:2.5)		OM (dag kg^-1)		P (mg kg^-1)		(cmol_c kg^-1)
7.82		0.81		10.60		0.30		0.81		2.44		1.81		0.00		0.00
Chemical characteristics							Physical attributes
EC_se (dS m^-1)	CEC (cmol_c kg^-1)		SAR_se (mmol L^-1)^0.5		ESP (%)		Particle-size fraction (g kg^-1)						Moisture (dag kg^-1)
EC_se (dS m^-1)	CEC (cmol_c kg^-1)		SAR_se (mmol L^-1)^0.5		ESP (%)		Sand		Silt		Clay		33.42 kPa¹		1519.5 kPa²
1.52	5.36		6.67		15.11		820.90		170.10		9.00		12.87		5.29

Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	K⁺	HCO₃^-	CO₃^2-	Cl^-	EC (dS m^-1)	pH	SAR (mmol_c L^-1)0.5
(mmol_c L^-1)							EC (dS m^-1)	pH	SAR (mmol_c L^-1)0.5
0.85	0.40	5.81	0.40	5.09	0.00	4.07	1.30	6.69	7.34

Source of variation	DF	Mean squares
Source of variation	DF	ED	PD	FLA	ANT	pH
Irrigation strategy (IRS)	5	360.43*	328.78*	0.18**	0.0008**	0.03**
Potassium doses (KD)	1	177.71^ns	555.69*	0.14**	0.005**	0.005*
Interaction (IRS × KD)	5	87.91^ns	103.59^ns	0.36**	0.001**	0.03**
Blocks	3	150.03^ns	88.85^ns	0.004^ns	0.000008^ns	0.0002^ns
Residual	33	79.28	93.31^ns	0.003	0.000006^ns	0.0009
CV (%)		10.81	10.66	9.60	7.47	1.05

Source of variation	DF	Mean squares
Source of variation	DF	SS¹	TA	TSSg	AA	SS/TA
Irrigation strategy (IRS)	5	153.22^ns	37.46**	7.69**	188.00**	0.07**
Potassium doses (KD)	1	81.38^ns	52.96*	1.97**	14.55**	0.01*
Interaction (IRS × KD)	5	125.88^ns	10.92*	14.88**	15.15**	0.006^ns
Blocks	3	173.17^ns	1.27^ns	0.0006^ns	0.16^ns	0.0005^ns
Residual	33	169.17^ns	3.49	0.0011	0.05	0.002
CV (%)		25.68	7.35	0.41	1.63	10.57

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[TFN1] pH - Hydrogen potential; OM - Organic matter: Walkley-Black wet digestion; Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ - Extracted with 1 M KCl at pH 7.0; Na⁺ and K⁺ - Extracted with 1 M NH₄OAc at pH 7.0; Al³⁺ + H⁺ - Extracted with 0.5 M CaOAc at pH 7.0; EC_se - Electrical conductivity of saturation extract; CEC - Cation exchange capacity; SAR_se - Sodium adsorption ratio of saturation extract; ESP - Exchangeable sodium percentage; ^1,2 - Referring to field capacity and permanent wilting point, respectively

Potassium fertilization in the cultivation of sour passion fruit under irrigation strategies with brackish water1

Adubação potássica no cultivo de maracujazeiro-azedo sob estratégias de irrigação com água salobra

Potassium fertilization in the cultivation of sour passion fruit under irrigation strategies with brackish water¹