Comparison of physical responses in bio-banding games and chronological age football games: a systematic review

Moré, Rita Adriana Stoeterau; Dellagrana, Rodolfo André

doi:10.1590/1980-0037.2025v27e95895

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review article • Rev. bras. cineantropom. desempenho hum. 27 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-0037.2025v27e95895 linkcopy

Comparison of physical responses in bio-banding games and chronological age football games: a systematic review

Comparação das respostas físicas em jogos de futebol por bio-banding e por idade cronológica: uma revisão sistemática

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Abstract

Abstract The aim of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize the available information in studies that compare the physical responses of young football players subjected to games in two distinct competition models: the bio-banded model, which considers the stage of biological maturation, and the chronological model, based solely on the age of the players. The conduction of this review followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Bibliographic searches were performed in three databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS, using the following descriptors: "soccer game", "physical performance", "biological maturation", and "bio-banding". The inclusion criteria were articles with experimental studies conducted in a game context, which compared the physical responses of players during bio-banded and chronological competitions, with the aim of investigating the influence of biological maturation on these responses. The initial search resulted in 336 records, of which 4 articles comprised the final sample. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed as medium to high. The findings suggest that biological maturation has an influence on the physical responses of young football players, and that both late-maturing and early-maturing players can benefit from games organized by biological maturation status.

Keywords:
Growth; Physical performance; Soccer

		Abbott et al. (2019)	Arede et al (2024)	Lüdin et al. (2022	Romman et al. (2020)
Q1	Was/were the study objective(s) clearly defined?	2	2	2	2
Q2	Were the participant characteristics presented in detail in the methods section? (number of subjects, sex, age, country/city)	2	1	1	2
Q3	Was the sample size justified?	0	0	0	0
Q4	Is the bio-banding procedure clearly described in the methods section?	2	2	2	2
Q5	Were the statistics presented clearly?	2	2	2	2
Q6	Result details (means and standard deviations and/or change/difference, effect size/mechanistic magnitude-based inference).	2	2	2	1
Q7	Were the conclusions adequate considering the study methods and objectives?	2	2	2	1
Q8	Are there practical implications given the study's results?	2	2	2	1
Q9	Were the study's limitations recognized and described by the authors?	2	2	2	1
Q10	Is there any future direction described by the authors?	2	2	2	2

Author/Country	Study Design	Age (years)	n	Physical responses assessed	Main results	Quality Index
Abbott et al.¹⁸ /England	Randomized crossover study.	12.7±1.0	25	Total distance (m); Distance covered at high speed >5.5 m∙s^-1 (m); Accelerations >2 m∙s² ou Deceleration <2 m∙s²; e RPE	Players with advanced maturation produced higher rates of perceived exertion in bio-banding games compared to chronological age games. RPE Chronological 6.6±0.5 RPE Bio-banding 7.5±0.9	90%
Arede et al.²⁴ / Portugal	Randomized crossover study.	13.3±0.9	116	Total distance covered (m); Accelerations >3 m∙s² or Decelerations <3 m∙s²; Average speed (km∙h⁻¹) and peak speed (km∙h⁻¹).	The total distance was shorter in the bio-banding competition (69.26±19.03) compared to the chronological competition (84.70±13.11) (ES= 1.1); the number of decelerations was lower in the bio-banding competition (4.08±1.74) compared to the chronological competition. o (5.03±1.73) (ES= 0.82); the average speed was lower in the bio-banding competition (3.98±1.10) compared to the chronological competition. (4.88±0.76) (ES= 1.15)	85%
Lüdin et al.¹³ / Switzerland	Randomized crossover study.	12.7±0.4*	65	Total distance (m); Distance covered at high speed >15.8km·h^-1 (m); Number of accelerations >2.4 m∙s²	Advanced maturation players (under-13) had a higher number of accelerations in bio-banding competition (64±25) compared to chronological competition (47±13) (ES= -0.6).	85%
					The late-maturing players (U-14) had a greater number of accelerations in the chronological competition (57±17) in comparison to the competition bio-banding(48±13) (ES=0.6);
					The advanced-maturing players (U-14) had a greater number of accelerations in the chronological competition(75±24) in comparison to the competition bio-banding (62±19) (ES=0.5)
Romman et al.¹⁶ / Switzerland	Paired crossover study.	12.7±0.4**	62	Distances covered classified by velocity: Walking = 0–5.8 km∙h^-1; Jogging= 5.8–11.5 km∙h^-1; Running = 11.5–15.8 km∙h^-1; High-speed running=15.8–20.0 km∙h^-1; Sprint = >20.0 km∙h^-1	Bio-banding reduced the total distance covered (1.83±0.40 vs. 1.94±0.39 km) and the jogging distances covered (0.69±0.24 vs. 0.75±0.25 km), running (0.30±0.13 vs. 0.32±0.14km) and high-speed running distances (0.11±0.06 vs. 0.12±0.07 km) in comparison to the chronological competition.	70%

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[TFN1] ^*
Mean age calculated from the four groups presented in the study. ** mean age calculated from the two groups presented in the study.