Prevalence and factors associated with active commuting among university students in the state of Bahia

Silva, Emanuele Dos Santos; Sousa, Thiago Ferreira de; Fonseca, Silvio Aparecido

doi:10.1590/1980-0037.2025v27e99762

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original article • Rev. bras. cineantropom. desempenho hum. 27 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-0037.2025v27e99762 linkcopy

Prevalence and factors associated with active commuting among university students in the state of Bahia

Prevalência e fatores associados ao deslocamento ativo em estudantes universitários do estado da Bahia

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Abstract The objective was to estimate the prevalence, and the behavioral, sociodemographic, and environmental factors associated with active commuting (AC) to/from university in students from the state of Bahia. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 with 1.506 students from federal universities (UFs) with campuses in the state of Bahia. The outcome of the study was the AC to/from the university. The independent variables were traffic violence, Human Development Index (HDI), sex, social class, work/internship, marital status and age group, university time, study shift, study workload, leisure-time physical activity (LPA), sitting time and sleep time. Association estimates were employed via Odds Ratio (OR), complemented by the 95% confidence interval (CI95%), through multilevel logistic regression for mixed effects. The prevalence of AC was 19.7%. University students of social class D/E were more likely to perform the AC (OR=1.992; CI: 1.273-3.116), on the other hand, university students who worked/interned (OR=0.732; CI: 0.598-0.895) and were inactive in leisure (OR=0.672; CI: 0.488-0.925) were less likely to perform the AC. The higher the HDI of the cities where the UFs are located, the lower the chances of AC (OR=0.669; CI: 0.505-0.886). Concluded that approximately twenty out of every one hundred students performed the AC to the university. It was observed that the socio-environmental context related to the HDI of the cities and individual aspects, such as social class, work/internship, and AFL, were associated with the AC.

Key words:
Cross-sectional studies; Health; Physical activity; Students

Variables	n	%
Gender
Male	537	35.7
Female	968	64.3
Age group
18-24	956	64.5
25 or more	550	35.5
Marital status
No partner	1141	75.9
With partner	362	24.1
Social class
Classes A/B/C	1133	84.8
Classes D/E	166	15.2
Work/internship
Yes	640	40.7
No	862	59.3
Years in university
Up to two years (2019 and 2018)	577	41.0
Three years or more (2017, 2016 and others	892	59.0
Study period
Day	1054	68.5
Night	450	31.5
Study hours
Up to 339	636	44.5
340 or more	734	55.5
LPA
Active	891	61.2
Inactive	563	38.8
Sitting time
Up to 5.9 hours	374	26.6
6 hours or more	1067	73.4
Sleep time
Appropriate 7 to 9	622	42.7
Not appropriate <7 and >9	837	57.3
Traffic violence
Less than the median	563	40.9
More than or equal to median	813	59.1
HDI
Less than the median	563	40.9
More than or equal to median	813	59.1

Variables	Gender T (p)	Age T (p)	Marital status T (p)	Years in university T (p)	Study period T (p)		Study hours T (p)	Work / internship T (p)	Social class T (p)	Sitting time T (p)	LPA T (p)	Sleep time T (p)	Traffic violence T (p)	HDI T (p)
Gender	1.000	-	-	-	-		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Age	-0.100 (0.043)	1.000	-	-	-		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Marital status	-0.019 (0.715)	0.330 (<0.001)	1.000	-	-		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Years in university	0.122 (0.014)	0.346 (<0.001)	0.121 (0.025)	1.000	-		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Study period	-0.179 (<0.001)	0.284 (<0.001)	0.113 (0.039)	-0.114 (0.026)	1.000		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Study hours	0.027 (0.615)	-0.339 (<0.001)	-0.096 (0.067)	-0.145 (0.002)	-0.369 (<0.001)		1.000	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Work or internship	-0.044 (0.374)	0.464 (<0.001)	0.299 (<0.001)	0.417 (<0.001)	0.247 (<0.001)		-0.235 (<0.001)	1.000	-	-	-	-	-	-
Social class	-0.030 (0.627)	-0.086 (0.206)	-0.165 (0.022)	-0.236 (<0.001)	0.198 (0.002)		-0.072 (0.262)	-0.283 (<0.001)	1.000	-	-	-	-	-
Sitting time	-0.051 (0.379)	-0.172 (0.001)	-0.138 (0.014)	-0.059 (0.280)	-0.088 (0.108)		0.161 (0.002)	-0.041 (0.435)	-0.172 (0.009)	1.000	-	-	-	-
LPA	0.226 (<0.001)	-0.069 (0.179)	-0.005 (0.943)	-0.089 (0.068)	-0.011 (0.841)		0.071 (0.140)	-0.116 (0.018)	0.013 (0.849)	0.119 (0.026)	1.000	-	-	-
Sleep time	-0.047 (0.342)	0.135 (0.006)	0.005 (0.943)	0.095 (0.053)	0.004 (0.947)		0.037 (0.465)	0.167 (0.001)	0.033 (0.638)	-0.034 (0.523)	-0.004 (0.951)	1.000	-	-
Traffic Violence	-0.013 (0.840)	0.096 (0.069)	-0.035 (0.545)	-0.087 (0.097)	-0.115 (0.027)		0.069 (0.174)	0.171 (<0.001)	-0.377 (<0.001)	0.094 (0.081)	0.075 (0.146)	0.016 (0.794)	1.000 (<0.001)	-
HDI	-0.013 (0.840)	0.096 (0.069)	-0.035 (0.545)	-0.087 (0.097)		-0.115 (0.027)	0.069 (0.174)	0.171 (<0.001)	-0.377 (<0.001)	0.094 (0.081)	0.075 (0.146)	0.016 (0.794)	1.000 (<0.001)	1.000

Variables	n	%	OR (95%CI)	p
Gender				0.074
Male	113	22.2	1
Female	168	18.4	0.788 (0.607-1.023)
Age group				0.005
18-24	195	21.8	1
25 or more	86	15.8	0.671 (0.508-0.887)
Marital status				0.773
No partner	211	19.9	1
With partner	70	19.3	0.957 (0.709-1.291)
Social class				<0.001
Classes A, B and C	189	17.5	1
Classes D and E	59	34.7	2.495 (1.793-3.472)
Work/internship				<0.001
No	190	22.9	1
Yes	90	15.2	0.607 (0.463-0.796)
Years in university				0.771
Up to two years (2019 and 2018)	103	19.4	1
Three years or more (2017, 2016 and others	172	20.0	1.040 (0.800-1.351)
Study period				0.050
Day	211	21.1	1
Nigth	70	16.8	0.752 (0.566-0.999)
Study hours				0.195
Up to 339	107	18.5	1
340 or more	150	21.4	1.195 (0.913-1.566)
LPA				0.010
Active	177	21.8	1
Inactive	94	16.3	0.698 (0.530-0.919)
Sitting time				0.567
Up to 5.9 hours	69	18.9	1
6 hours or more	203	20.4	1.091 (0.810-1.468)
Sleep time				0.989
Appropriate 7 to 9	117	19.6	1
Not appropriate <7 and >9	153	19.6	0.998(0.768-1.297)
Traffic violence				<0.001
Less than the median	168	32.7	1
More than or equal to median	105	10.6	0.244 (0.183-0.324)
HDI				<0.001
Less than the median	168	32.7	1
More than or equal to median	105	10.6	0.244 (0.183-0.324)

Variables	Traffic violence			HDI
Mixed model	OR	CI 95%	p	OR	CI 95%	p
Gender			0.476			0.475
Male	1.000			1.000
Female	0.878	0.614 - 1.255		0.877	0.612- 1.126
Age group			0.638			0.661
18-24	1.000			1.000
25 or more	0.927	0.678-1.269		0.932	0.682-1.274
Social class			0.003			0.003
Classes A, B and C	1.000			1.000
Classes D and E	1.927	1.268-3.101		1.992	1.273-3.116
Work/internship			0.003			0.002
No	1.000			1.000
Yes	0.733	0.599-0.898		0.732	0.598-0.895
Study period			0.081			0.081
Day	1.000			1.000
Nigth	0.676	0.436-1.049		0.684	0.447-1.047
Study hours			0.966			0.979
Up to 339	1.000			1.000
340 or more	1.010	0.631-1.617		1.006	0.628-1.610
LPA			0.016			0.015
Active	1.000			1.000
Inactive	0.675	0.489-0.930		0.672	0.488-0.925
Environmental variable			0.159			0.005
Less than the median	1.000			1.000
More than and equal to median	0.572	0.989-1.001		0.669	0.505-0.886
ICC (95% CI)	0.097 (0.037-0.234)			0.106 (0.041-0.248)

location_on

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Trindade, Centro de Desportos - RBCDH, Zip postal: 88040-900 - Florianópolis, SC. Brasil, Fone/fax : (55 48) 3721-8562/(55 48) 3721-6348 - Florianópolis - SC - Brazil
E-mail: rbcdh@contato.ufsc.br

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[1] %: Weighted proportion; LPA: leisure-time Physical Activity; HDI: Human Development Index.