Agregamento de fatores associados à fragilidade física em idosos residentes na comunidade

Rocha, Saulo Vasconcelos; Santos, Manuela Alves dos; Santos, Iasmim de Santana Meira; Santos, Clarice Alves dos; Santos, Mariana Alves dos; Silva, Maria Luiza Oliveira; Furtado, Guilherme Eustáquio; Munaro, Hector Luiz Rodrigues

doi:10.1590/1980-0037.2021v23e83465

person Saulo Vasconcelos Rocha

schoolUniversidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia. Departamento de Saúde II. Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde da População Jequié, BA. Brasil.

0000-0001-8655-5151

person Manuela Alves dos Santos

schoolUniversidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia. Departamento de Saúde I. Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde da População . Jequié, BA. Brasil.

0000-0001-8643-0279

person Iasmim de Santana Meira Santos

schoolUniversidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia. Departamento de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde da População. Vitória da Conquista, BA. Brasil.

0000-0002-0389-5431

person Clarice Alves dos Santos

schoolUniversidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas. Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde da População. Jequié, BA. Brasil.

0000-0002-2730-5117

person Mariana Alves dos Santos

schoolUniversidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia. Departamento de Saúde I. Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde da População . Jequié, BA. Brasil.

0000-0001-8695-6449

person Maria Luiza Oliveira Silva

schoolUniversidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia. Departamento de Saúde I. Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde da População . Jequié, BA. Brasil.

0000-0002-7144-6750

person Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado

schoolUniversidade de Coimbra. Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física. Coimbra. Portugal.

0000-0001-8327-1567

person Hector Luiz Rodrigues Munaro

schoolUniversidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia. Departamento de Saúde I. Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde da População . Jequié, BA. Brasil.

0000-0002-6421-1718

Corresponding author Saulo Vasconcelos Rocha Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia. Departamento de Saúde II. Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde da População Jequié, BA. Brasil
Av. José Moreira Sobrinho, s/n, Jequiezinho, CEP 45205-490, Jequié (BA), Brasil. E-mail:
svrocha@uesb.edu.br

Ethical approval

Ethical approval was obtained from the local Human Research Ethics Committee – Southwest State University of Bahia according to protocol 613,364, and it was written in accordance with the standards set by the Declaration of Helsinki.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflict of interests to declare.

groupsAuthor Contributions

Conception and design of the experiment: SVR, CAS, HLRM. Conducting the experiments: SVR, CAS, HLRM. Data analysis: SVR, MAS, ISMS, CAS, HLRM. Contribution with reagents/research materials/analysis tools: Rocha, S.V; Santos, C.A. Article writing: SVR, MAS, ISMS, CAS, MAS, MLOS, GEF, HLRM. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Factors	Research evaluation	Applied definition
Weight loss	Evaluated through the question: Have you lost weight without dieting in the last 12 months?	Unintentional weight loss of 3 kg or more
Strength	Handgrip strength test measured by the Electronic Hand hydraulic dynamometer (E.Clear – Model: EH101)¹⁴	Handgrip strength, adjusted by specific body mass index for the elderly and by sex, in the lowest 20%
Exhaustion	Observed by the following questions: a) Did you feel that you had to make an effort to cope with your usual tasks? and b) Were you unable to move things forward?	Verified through affirmative answers to the questionnaire questions.
Walking speed	2.44m walk test¹⁵	Identified with the time it took the elderly to leave the sitting position, walk 2.44 meters and sit again, this according to sex and height, from the 20th percentile.
Physical activity levels	Leisure Time Physical Activity was evaluated using the following question: How would you rate your leisure-time physical activity?¹⁶	Those who said that they did not practice physical activity (mild, moderate, or intense) during leisure time were classified as insufficiently active.

Variables	Total Sample		Walking speed		Physical activity levels		Exhaustion		Strength		Weight loss
Variables	n	(%)	n	(%)	n	(%)	n	(%)	n	(%)	n	(%)
Total	270		55	(20.4)	189	(70.0)	44	(16.3)	49	(18.1)	43	(15.9)
Sex				p = 0.218		p = 0.170		p = 0.890		p = 0.871		p = 0.999
Female	157	(58.1)	36	(22.9)	115	(73.2)	26	(16.6)	29	(18.5)	25	(15.9)
Male	113	(41.9)	19	(16.8)	64	(65.5)	18	(15.9)	20	(17.7)	18	(15.9)
Dichotomized age				p < 0.001		p = 0.819		p = 0.702		p = 0.001		p = 0.159
60-79 years old	232	(85.9)	34	(14.7)	163	(70.3)	37	(15.9)	35	(15.1)	34	(14.7)
80 years old or more	38	(14.1)	21	(55.3)	26	(68.4)	7	(18.4)	14	(36.8)	9	(23.7)
Schooling				p = 0.013		p = 0.102		p = 0.756		p = 0.230		p = 0.143
Not literate	117	(43.3)	32	(27.4)	88	(75.2)	20	(17.1)	25	(21.4)	23	(19.7)
Literate	153	(56.7)	23	(15.0)	101	(66.0)	24	(15.7)	24	(15.7)	20	(13.1)
Marital status				p = 0.002		p = 0.089		p = 0.300		p = 0.808		p = 0.033
Without partner	142	(52.6)	39	(27.5)	93	(65.5)	20	(14.1)	25	(17.6)	29	(20.4)
With partner	128	(47.4)	16	(12.5)	96	(75.0)	24	(18.8)	24	(18.8)	14	(10.9)

Risk Factors	Weight loss	Strength	Exhaustion	Walking speed	Physical activity levels
Risk Factors	Weight loss	Strength	Exhaustion	Walking speed	Physical activity levels	O(%)	O/E	CI 95%
5	+	+	+	+	+	0.0	0.0	-
4	-	+	+	+	+	0.4	1.13	(0.49 - 1.77)
4	+	-	+	+	+	0.7	2.31	(1.86 - 2.76)
4	+	+	-	+	+	1.5	4.36	(4.04 - 4.68)
4	+	+	+	-	+	0.0	0.0	-
4	+	+	+	+	-	0.0	0.0	-
3	-	-	+	+	+	1.5	0.94	(0.61 - 1.26)
3	-	+	-	+	+	4.4	2.42	(2.23 - 2.61)
3	-	+	+	-	+	0.7	0.51	(0.04 - 0.97)
3	-	+	+	+	-	0.4	2.63	(2.07 - 3.20)
3	+	-	-	+	+	0.4	0.26	(-0.40 - 0.91)
3	+	-	+	-	+	2.2	1.86	(1.59 - 2.13)
3	+	-	+	+	-	0.4	3.08	(2.53 - 3.63)
3	+	+	-	-	+	1.1	0.82	(0.44 - 1.20)
3	+	+	-	+	-	0.4	2.71	(2.15 - 3.17)
3	+	+	+	-	-	0.0	0.0	-
2	-	-	-	+	+	8.1	0.98	(0.87 - 1.10)
2	-	-	+	-	+	5.6	0.90	(0.75 - 1.04)
2	-	-	+	+	-	0.0	0.0	-
2	+	-	-	-	+	5.9	0.97	(0.83 - 1.11)
2	+	-	-	+	-	0.0	0.0	-
2	+	-	+	-	-	0.7	1.38	(0.92 - 1.84)
2	+	+	-	-	-	0.4	0.70	(0.04 - 1.35)
2	-	+	-	-	+	4.4	0.62	(0.46 - 0.78)
2	-	+	-	+	-	1.1	1.41	(1.03 - 1.79)
2	-	+	+	-	-	1.1	1.86	(1.48 - 2.24)
1	-	-	-	-	+	33	1.03	(1.02 - 1.04)
1	-	-	-	+	-	1.1	0.31	(-0.05 - 0.67)
1	-	-	+	-	-	2.6	0.97	(0.73 - 1.21)
1	+	-	-	-	-	2.2	0.85	(0.58 - 1.11)
1	-	+	-	-	-	2.2	0.72	(0.46 - 0.98)
0	-	-	-	-	-	17.4	1.26	(1.20 - 1.33)

	One risk factor ^a		Two risk factors ^a		Three risk factors ^a		Four and five risk factors ^a
	n (%)	OR CI (95%)^b	n(%)	OR CI (95%) ^b	n(%)	OR CI (95%) ^b	n(%)	OR CI (95%) ^b
Age (Years)
80 years or more	6(15.8)	1.00	14(36.8)	1.00	13(34.2)	1.00	6(2.6)	1.00
60-79	105(45.3)	1.35 (0.36-5.25)	60(25.9)	0,36 (0.10-1.20)	18(7.8)	0,11(0.03-0.44)	1(2.6)	0.49(0.04-5.50)
Sex
Female	69(43.9)	1.00	39(24.8)	1.00	20(12.7)	1.00	6(3.8)	1.00
Male	42(37.2)	1.93(0.94-3.95)	35(31.0)	1.37(0.64-2.94)	11(9.7)	2.52(0.91-6.98)	1(0.9)	5.76(0.61-53.8)
Marital status
With partner	59(46.1)	1.00	36(28.1)	1.00	13(10.2)	1.00	1(0.8)	1.00
Without partner	52(36.6)	0.49(0.24-1.02)	38(26.8)	0.59(0.27-1.28)	18(12.7)	0.51(0.18-1.42)	6(4.2)	2.59(0.27-24.3)
Schooling
Literate	65(42.5)	1.00	44(28.8)	1.00	9(5.9)	1.00	3(2.0)	1.00
Not literate	46(39.3)	1.68(0.80-3.52)	30(25.6)	1.50(0.68-3.29)	22(18.8)	4.94(1.75-13.92)	4(3.4)	2.44(0.47-12.69)

[1] Note: CI: confidence interval; + presence of risky behavior; - an absence of risky behavior; O: Observed prevalence; O / E: Relationship between observed and expected prevalence.

Agregamento de fatores associados à fragilidade física em idosos residentes na comunidade

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