National overview of infrastructure for active commuting: a territorial analysis of Brazil’s 5,570 municipalities

Teixeira, Inaian Pignatti

doi:10.12820/rbafs.31e0433i

Figures (4)
Tables (3)

Figure 1 Percentage presence of sidewalks, sidewalk obstacles, wheelchair ramps, bicycle-designated roads, trees, and lighting on all block faces evaluated in the Urban Survey of Household Surround-ings in each of Brazil’s 5,570 municipalities (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, 2022).

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Figure 2 Differences in the percentage of block faces evaluated in the Urban Survey of Household Surroundings with sidewalks, sidewalk obstacles, and wheelchair ramps, stratified by municipality size, Brazilian region, population growth profile, per capita income, and urban hierarchy (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, 2022).

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Figure 3 Differences in the percentage of block faces evaluated in the Urban Survey of Household Surroundings with trees and lighting, stratified by municipality size, Brazilian region, population growth profile, per capita income, and urban hierarchy (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, 2022).

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Figure 4 Differences in the percentage of block faces evaluated in the Urban Survey of Household Surroundings with bicycle-designated roads, stratified by municipality size, Brazilian region, population growth profile, per capita income, and urban hierarchy (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, 2022).

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Table 1 Percentage values of the presence of sidewalks, sidewalk obstacles, wheelchair ramps, bicycle-designated roads, trees, and lighting on all block faces evaluated in the Urban Survey of Household Surroundings for each of the 27 Brazilian state capitals (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, 2022).

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Table S1 Percentage values of sidewalk presence, sidewalk obstacles, and wheelchair ramps on all block faces evaluated in the Urban Survey of Household Surroundings, stratified by city size, region of Brazil, population growth profile, per capita income, and urban hierarchy (Brazil-ian Institute of Geography and Statistics, 2022).

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Tabela S2 Percentage values of bicycle-designated roads, trees, and lighting on all block faces evaluated in the Urban Survey of Household Surroundings, stratified by city size, region of Brazil, population growth profile, per capita income, and urban hierarchy (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, 2022).

	Sidewalk presence	Sidewalk obstacles	^{Wheelchair ramp} Bicycle-designated road (%) Tree (%) ^Lighting
	(%)	(%)	(%)			(%)
Aracaju	80.3	78.8	19.7	3.81	37.5	94.7
Belém	57.6	80.3	6.6	5.02	35.5	92.6
Belo Horizonte	83.6	73.0	22.7	1.72	60.5	95.3
Boa Vista	58.4	68.5	15.5	2.20	41.4	95.3
Brasília	87.7	75.5	27.4	4.17	81.8	90.2
Campo Grande	78.1	57.2	49.0	1.45	80.5	96.8
Cuiabá	78.7	76.5	22.1	1.08	58.3	94.0
Curitiba	88.1	64.0	33.8	3.90	76.8	96.8
Florianópolis	66.3	57.3	14.6	7.18	39.7	96.0
Fortaleza	79.5	81.0	10.1	7.92	51.0	96.3
Goiânia	87.3	63.6	25.1	1.86	73.6	97.6
João Pessoa	75.3	77.2	8.4	2.88	42.7	94.7
Macapá	52.8	81.3	11.8	1.83	53.4	84.8
Maceió	71.1	72.2	11.4	1.76	36.3	93.7
Manaus	72.4	86.8	5.2	1.03	39.7	90.2
Natal	73.4	80.6	11.7	1.70	44.8	93.8
Palmas	69.5	81.2	11.8	1.55	76.5	90.9
Porto Alegre	63.3	47.8	20.2	2.29	60.2	84.5
Porto Velho	57.3	78.8	13.2	0.87	49.2	91.7
Recife	58.4	78.2	7.6	3.93	38.4	94.9
Rio Branco	62.7	82.7	13.5	4.86	32.2	86.7
Rio de Janeiro	68.0	68.9	8.7	2.53	49.9	92.0
Salvador	40.0	68.0	3.2	2.64	24.7	94.2
São Luís	75.4	90.8	6.1	1.13	32.1	95.5
São Paulo	81.5	72.7	15.2	3.95	55.3	93.7
Teresina	80.2	88.6	11.1	2.51	49.4	95.9
Vitória	56.7	51.8	21.5	4.64	40.0	98.0

	Sidewalk presence (%)				Sidewalk obstacles (%)				Wheelchair ramps (%)
	Min	Max	Mean	Standard deviation	Min	Max	Mean	Standard deviation	Min	Max	Mean	Standard deviation
Municipality size
Large	29.9	98.5	72.8	15.0	22.9	77.5	51.6	11.9	1.0	71.8	13.0	12.0
Medium	11.7	98.3	65.0	17.9	5.1	81.5	47.7	14.4	0.1	64.8	9.6	9.8
Small	0.0	100.0	62.6	19.4	0.0	98.3	46.4	18.9	0.0	78.2	11.2	11.2
Region
Central-West	4.1	100.0	68.8	20.0	0.0	90.1	48.3	21.6	0.0	59.9	13.5	11.9
Northeast	3.6	95.6	56.5	15.6	0.2	87.9	46.4	15.3	0.0	78.2	6.5	5.9
North	0.0	94.5	49.9	21.3	0.0	91.4	38.7	20.4	0.0	56.9	7.8	8.9
Southeast	10.7	99.4	72.4	17.4	0.3	95.2	52.9	17.0	0.0	67.8	10.6	9.1
South	4.4	100.0	63.7	18.8	0.0	98.3	41.3	19.4	0.0	71.8	19.7	14.7
Population growth
High (3rd positive tertile)	1.1	100.0	62.7	20.9	0.0	94.1	44.0	18.7	0.0	71.8	12.4	12.5
Medium (2nd positive tertile)	0.9	98.5	64.3	19.1	0.0	93.5	47.5	17.7	0.0	67.8	11.1	10.7
Low (1st positive tertile)	13.2	99.4	64.7	17.9	0.0	95.2	48.6	17.5	0.0	68.4	10.8	10.7
Negative	0.0	100.0	62.5	19.1	0.0	98.3	46.9	18.8	0.0	78.2	10.9	10.9
Per capita Gross Domestic Product
High (4th quartile)	6.8	100.0	68.5	18.9	0.0	93.9	44.9	19.2	0.0	71.8	16.5	13.5
3rd quartile	4.4	100.0	68.6	19.1	0.0	98.3	48.8	19.3	0.0	68.4	14.1	12.0
2nd quartile	2.3	99.4	61.7	18.9	0.0	95.2	48.3	18.2	0.0	78.2	8.3	8.6
Low (1st quartile)	0.0	96.8	54.9	16.7	0.0	91.1	45.2	16.4	0.0	42.0	6.3	5.9
Urban hierarchy
Capital	40.0	88.1	70.5	12.2	27.2	71.0	51.9	12.1	3.2	49.0	15.8	9.9
Non-capital	0.0	100.0	63.3	19.3	0.0	98.3	46.8	18.4	0.0	78.2	11.2	11.2

	Bicycle-designated roads (%)				Trees (%)				Lighting (%)
	Min	Max	Mean	Standard deviation	Min	Max	Mean	Standard deviation	Min	Max	Mean	Standard deviation
Municipality size
Large	0.0	20.4	1.93	2.1	15.0	91.5	55.7	16.2	76.2	99.9	93.5	4.1
Medium	0.0	12.8	1.20	1.7	15.3	92.4	54.1	18.0	60.1	99.1	90.8	6.8
Small	0.0	28.1	0.54	1.4	1.1	99.0	53.6	20.5	20.8	100.0	89.2	8.3
Region
Central-West	0.0	12.8	0.56	1.2	23.2	94.5	68.0	12.9	57.9	99.8	92.6	5.4
Northeast	0.0	7.9	0.45	0.9	6.3	95.3	46.3	15.8	43.0	100.0	87.5	8.0
North	0.0	24.7	0.53	1.6	2.0	93.1	50.7	20.4	44.0	99.6	84.5	9.5
Southeast	0.0	13.0	0.65	1.2	2.7	98.3	56.5	20.6	20.8	100.0	90.9	8.2
South	0.0	28.1	1.06	2.3	1.1	99.0	56.7	22.8	34.8	100.0	91.4	6.7
Population growth
High (3rd positive tertile)	0.0	20.4	1.21	2.1	4.6	93.8	52.9	19.9	39.5	100.0	89.4	8.7
Medium (2nd positive tertile)	0.0	24.7	0.68	1.4	1.1	93.1	53.3	19.9	20.8	100.0	89.5	8.3
Low (1st positive tertile)	0.0	20.4	0.60	1.3	3.0	98.3	53.3	19.7	47.4	100.0	90.1	7.5
Negative	0.0	28.1	0.42	1.1	2.0	99.0	54.5	20.4	34.8	100.0	89.3	8.0
Per capita Gross Domestic Product
High (4th quartile)	0.0	20.4	1.02	1.9	3.0	99.0	59.1	20.1	51.3	100.0	92.1	6.3
3rd quartile	0.0	28.1	0.78	1.7	1.1	98.3	59.6	21.0	20.8	100.0	91.6	7.1
2nd quartile	0.0	12.5	0.48	1.0	2.0	96.9	49.6	19.7	34.8	100.0	88.7	8.4
Low (1st quartile)	0.0	24.7	0.36	1.0	3.8	95.3	47.5	16.4	47.2	100.0	85.9	8.9
Urban hierarchy	0.0	0.0	0.00	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Capital	0.9	7.9	2.98	1.8	24.7	81.8	50.4	16.0	84.5	98.0	93.4	3.6
Non-capital	0.0	28.1	0.64	1.5	1.1	99.0	53.8	20.1	20.8	100.0	89.5	8.1

[TFN1] ^*
Greener cells indicate higher percentage values, whereas redder cells indicate lower values for each column, except for “Sidewalk obstacles”, for which higher values represent worse conditions.