Effects of artichoke leaf extract on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury

Celepli, Salih; Çolak, Bayram; Celepli, Pınar; Bigat, İrem; Batur, Hatice Gül; Soysal, Furkan; Karakurt, Serdar; Hücümenoğlu, Sema; Kısmet, Kemal; Ԟahin, Mustafa

doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20210840

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Original Article • Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 68 (1) • Jan 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20210840 linkcopy

Effects of artichoke leaf extract on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect and mechanism of action of artichoke leaf extract in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.

METHODS: Rats were divided into three groups such as sham, control, and artichoke leaf extract groups. Antioxidant enzyme activities and biochemical parameters were examined from the tissue and serum obtained from the subjects. Histopathological findings were scored semiquantitatively.

RESULTS: Statistically, the antioxidant activity was highest in the artichoke leaf extract group, the difference in biochemical parameters and C-reactive protein was significant compared with the control group, and the histopathological positive effects were found to be significantly higher.

CONCLUSIONS: As a result, artichoke leaf extract had a hepatoprotective effect and that this effect was related to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of artichoke.

KEYWORDS:
Liver; Ischemia-reperfusion; Artichoke; Hepatoprotective; Antioxidant

GROUPS	CRP	ALT	AST	LDH	ALP
GROUP 1 (SHAM)	0.16±0.07^a	181.22±14.48^a,b	181.77±48.82^a,b	1667.77±144.98^a,b	64.55±10.36^a,b
GROUP 2 (CONTROL)	0.33±0.13^c	511.52±28.64^c	800.80±68.89^c	4239.12±186.88^c	280.12±71.45^c
GROUP 3 (ARTICHOKE)	0.18±0.05	224.10±21.28	567.03±54.68	2379.60±114.34	±28.66

GROUPS	CK	TPROT	ALBUMIN	TBIL	DBIL
GROUP 1 (SHAM)	2095.22±122.68^a	70.97±8.45	35.65±2.39	0.17±0.04	0.11±0.04
GROUP 2 (CONTROL)	5843.00±186.22^b	67.58±3.95	34.00±2.52	0.27±0.09	0.16±0.09
GROUP 3 (ARTICHOKE)	2791.10±100.58	66.31±5.71	33.73±2.32	0.18±0.07	0.16±0.06

	Group 1 (Sham)	Group 2 (Control)	Group 3 (ArtExt)	p-value
Histopathological scores
Sinusoidal congestion				0.017
None (n=1)	1 (10)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Minimal (n=10)	6 (60)^a	0 (0)^b	4 (40)^a
Mild (n=3)	1 (10)	1 (10)	1 (10)
Moderate (n=8)	1 (10)	3 (30)	4 (40)
Severe (n=8)	1 (10)^a	6 (60)^b	1 (10)^a
Necrosis				0.011
None (n=23)	10 (100)^a	4 (40)^b	9 (90)^a
Single-cell necrosis (n=7)	0 (0)^a	6 (60)^b	1 (10)^a
Vacuolization				>0.999
None (n=38)	10 (100)	9 (90)	10 (100)
Minimal (n=2)	0 (0)	1 (10)	0 (0)

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[TFN1] CRP: C-reactive protein; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase. ^aStatistically significant difference between Group 1 versus Group 2. ^bStatistically significant difference between Group 1 versus Group 3. cStatistically significant difference between Group 2 versus Group 3.