Resumo em Português:

To mitigate the environmental impacts of dyes in the textile industry, this research sought to investigate the removal potential of a bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by Komagataeibacter xylinus. The BC was produced under controlled conditions and then the physicochemical, structural, and morphological properties of the biosorbent were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetry (TG). Ten dye samples were collected from the textile laundries in Pernambuco to carry out the adsorption studies. The chemical composition of the dyes was assessed by electronic absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and TG. They were also statistically analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). The treatment tests were conducted in a 24-h adsorption system using ∼ 100 mg of BC and 20.0 mg L-1 of dyes. The most satisfactory response was for phthalocyanine class dyes, with qe (amount of analyte adsorbed at equilibrium) of 1.7234 mg g-1 under acid conditions. In the thermal analysis, it was defined that degradation of CB at 555 °C allowed recovery of approximately 65% of C10 dye (reactive blue 21) for the impregnated material. A hypothesis was also formulated as an approach to treat textile water waste, to produce an ‘‘eco-dye’’.

Resumo em Inglês:

The use of residual biomass in biocomposite production aligns with environmental goals set by solid waste policies. Starch, a low-cost and renewable natural polymer, often faces challenges with mechanical strength and water vapor permeability. Ucuuba cake, an Amazonian agro-industrial byproduct, offers fiber reinforcement to enhance thermoplastics. Buriti pulp oil, also from the Amazon, acts as a processing aid, improving thermal stability and reducing hydrophilicity. This study explores buriti oil as a partial substitute for glycerol in thermoplastic starch (TPS) biocomposites with ucuuba fibers. Characterization showed that buriti pulp oil, rich in oleic and palmitic acids, enhances hydrophobicity, reducing water absorption. It also lowered final torque during processing, facilitating flow and homogeneity. Mechanical tests indicated a marginal increase in strength but decreased elongation at break. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed smoother surfaces and better fiber adhesion. Rheological and thermal analyses confirmed the role of buriti pulp oil as a processing aid and thermal stabilizer. This research underscores the potential of renewable resources and industrial residues in sustainable polymer development.

Resumo em Português:

An innovative sensor, based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with a reduced graphene oxide and zinc stannate composite (Zn2SnO4-rGO/GCE), was developed to detect and quantify promethazine hydrochloride (PMZ) in pharmaceutical formulations, using square wave voltammetry (SWV). The morphology of the sensor was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed the aggregation of rGO and Zn2SnO4 species. The chemical interaction between the components was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV), showing lower charge transfer resistance and higher analytical signal in the PMZ oxidation process. The optimized analysis conditions (McIlvaine buffer pH 5.0, frequency of 80 s-1, amplitude of 25 mV and increment of 2 mV) resulted in a linear analytical curve in the range of 1.48 × 10-7 to 6.48 × 10-6 mol L-1, with low detection (1.24 × 10-8 mol L-1) and quantification (3.76 × 10-8 mol L-1) limits. The sensor demonstrated high repeatability (%RSD, relative standard deviation = 1.54) and reproducibility (%RSD = 1.89) and was effective in the analysis of PMZ in pharmaceutical samples, presenting a recovery rate of 96.62%, proving its applicability in pharmaceutical analysis.

Resumo em Inglês:

A composite photocatalyst, xTCN (xOTiO2/g-C3N4, where x represents the added quantity of graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4)), was synthesized using a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method with H2O2 as an oxidant. The H2O2 incorporation into the xTCN composite facilitated the enrichment of oxygen (O) in titanium dioxide (TiO2). This synthesis process effectively reduced the bandgap energy, minimizing the recombination of photogenerated carriers. Concurrently, an O atom was integrated into the g-C3N4 molecule, which altered its bandgap structure and enhanced the photogenerated electron-hole separation efficiency. The dual modification effect was observed when 0.9TCN was used as the catalyst, which converted 77% of benzalcohol with a selectivity exceeding 99%. Additionally, five cycles of reuse only slightly decreased the benzalcohol conversion (by 16%) and selectivity (by 9%), indicating good reusability of the xTCN photocatalyst. The xTCN photocatalyst had an unchanged molecular structure before and after the photocatalytic reaction, demonstrating its superior light stability. The potential photocatalytic reaction mechanism was explored through an active species capture experiment and a Mott-Schottky (M-S) curve test. The results of these studies suggested that •O2- and •OH were the primary reactive species in the photocatalytic reaction.

Resumo em Português:

In this work, the clarification process of vinasse from the “raicilla” industry produced in the municipality of Mascota, Jalisco, Mexico is presented. Acrylamide and acrylamide/methacrylic acid hydrogels were synthesized, with a water/monomer ratio of 90:10 by mass. Subsequently, each xerogel sample was loaded with cobalt, copper or nickel ions. The hydrogels loaded with each metal were placed in NaOH 0.1 M solution, so the OH- ions penetrated the hydrogel and reacted with the metal ions, forming the corresponding hydroxide. Then the hydrogels loaded and swollen in the NaOH solution were placed in the vinasse for two days. After this time, a new hydrogel was placed and left for two more days, with which the intensity of the color of the vinasse decreased, as the process was repeated. In all cases, the treated vinasse was clarified, without significant changes in volume, indicative that the hydrogel no longer absorbs solution. This opens up the possibility of using this method for the clarification of vinasse from “raicilla” industry, through prior feasibility studies in efficiency, reuse of hydrogel, costs and technological development.

Resumo em Inglês:

2’-Fucosyllactose (2’-FL) is the predominant oligosaccharide in human milk, responsible for important infant biological functions. Its quantification requires specific extraction and analysis methods, but current techniques use toxic solvents for extraction and are time-consuming. Therefore, this study optimized the extraction of 2’-FL from mature human milk, using water to eliminate the toxic solvents. Using response surface methodology, 27 experiments were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, with their concentrations calculated based on a standard curve. The optimal conditions included initial centrifugation time (15 min), water volume (3.0 mL), incubation time (90 min), and final centrifugation time (40 min), resulting in a maximum concentration of 3046 mg L–1. The method was validated in the other lactation phases, representing 1892.93 mg L–1 (transition) to 4247.33 mg L–1 (colostrum), showing high reproducibility and agreement with the literature. The proposed method was 50.43% faster and more economical than traditional methods, standing out as an efficient approach for the 2’-FL extraction.

Resumo em Português:

The development of sustainable packaging based on biodegradable polymers has gained prominence, driving the use of renewable raw materials for the production of eco-friendly plastics. Among the promising biopolymers, starches from various botanical sources stand out due to their wide availability, low cost, and environmentally favorable degradation. In this study, a biodegradable plastic was produced from arrowroot starch (Maranta arundinacea), reinforced with calcium carbonate extracted from eggshells. The samples were characterized by thermal analysis (TGA/DTG and DSC), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, a food preservation test was conducted using a single apple sliced into three equal parts, which were subjected to the following conditions: no coating (control), coated with arrowroot film, and coated with arrowroot film containing CaCO3. The samples were stored at room temperature (~25 °C) under controlled relative humidity and were visually assessed after 24 and 48 h for browning and signs of degradation. The results indicated that the film with added CaCO3 reduced oxidation and extended the shelf life of the food. The resulting hybrid material demonstrated promising properties for use in ready-to-eat food packaging.

Resumo em Inglês:

Faced with resource scarcity and the increasing demand for sustainable solutions, the recovery of agricultural waste presents a promising alternative. This study investigated the pyrolysis of sugarcane straw (PC), brewer waste (BW), and banana tree straw (PB) for the production of bio-oil. The samples were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine their chemical composition and evaluate how the main constituents (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) influenced the properties of the bio-oil. Analytical pyrolysis allowed for the identification of compounds present in the bio-oil. Banana tree straw, which is rich in hemicellulose, produced higher levels of carbon dioxide. In constrast, brewer waste and sugarcane straw, which are rich in lignin, generated greater amounts of phenols and anhydrous sugars. The results demonstrated the potential of pyrolysis for converting agricultural waste into bio-oil, highlighting that the chemical composition of biomass significantly affects the quality and quantity of the products obtained.

Resumo em Português:

Marine natural products have proven to be a source of inspiration for the pharmaceutical industry in the production of innovative and highly effective drugs. Building upon a 2009 publication, this article presents a review that encompasses the advancements of commercially available drugs and those in clinical trial phases, providing an overview of the progress and developments observed in these marine-derived drug candidates over the past years. By examining the progress since the initial review, this article aims to provide insights into the current status and potential applications of marine natural products as therapeutic agents. Of the eleven active principles in different phases of clinical trials in 2009, only three have progressed to approval. Derivatives of dolastatins stand out using antibody-drugs conjugate (ADC) technology, which has led to the approval of six other drugs originating from marine-derived molecules. Despite the challenges encountered until the approval of these drugs, many marine-derived molecules are still under clinical study, and researchers and healthcare professionals believe that much remains to be discovered.

Resumo em Português:

The 1000 Future Scientists Program aims to integrate teaching, research and extension, aligned with the guidelines of Resolution No. 7/2018 of the Brazilian National Education Council. Implemented at Federal University of Minas Gerais, the program contributes to the training of undergraduate and graduate students, while promoting knowledge among students and teachers in Basic Education. Between 2018 and 2025, the program directly impacted more than 17,000 students, 509 teachers and 602 schools, with 840 undergraduate and 286 graduate students actively participating as volunteers. Structured into six projects, 1000FC addresses experimental practices, entrepreneurship, innovation, and sustainability, connecting university research to students’ daily lives and expanding the science dissemination. The results demonstrate the development of competencies such as critical thinking, scientific communication, and leadership among participants. Approximately 65% of basic education students have never accessed chemistry laboratories before our activities and 95% of teachers expressed interest in repeating the activities. The results highlight the program transformative impact on educational equity and the contribution to develop critical and innovative citizens, aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and promoting inclusive and interdisciplinary pedagogical practices.

Resumo em Português:

A simulation of traces extracted from surfaces such as glass, associated with fingerprints contaminated with drug residues, was proposed in this study. For this purpose, a silicone mold was created to replicate the papillary lines present in a fingerprint. The mold was then exposed to an oily mixture of fatty acids and cocaine adulterants, such as caffeine and benzocaine, to simulate the endogenous and exogenous chemical composition of the fingerprints. The residues left on the surfaces by the fingerprints, along with the silicone mold, were extracted and their chemical components were qualitatively identified in a single chromatogram using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This approach provided a didactic opportunity to explore the chemistry behind fingerprints within the context of forensic science education.

Resumo em Português:

Oswaldo Sala dedicated nearly six decades to the development of vibrational spectroscopy in Brazil and Latin America. He was a member of Hans Stammreich’s group when innovative approaches to Raman spectroscopy instrumentation allowed the investigation of intensely colored and photo-sensitive compounds, consolidating the international reputation of the Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy in the 1950’s and 1960’s. Stammreich’s death in 1969 coincided with a period of several new technologies being introduced in Raman spectroscopy and the laboratory, then led by Oswaldo Sala, received the first laser-Raman spectrometer in Latin America. With this equipment, the vibronic nature of inelastic light scattering could be explored in studies on the resonance Raman effect and, a few years later, chemical species adsorbed on roughed metal electrodes were investigated using the recently discovered surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Infrared absorption spectroscopy of molecules trapped in a solid matrix of inert gas at cryogenic temperatures were also introduced by O. Sala, so was high resolution spectroscopy of gases. Here, a detailed description of his career as scientist and educator is given.

Resumo em Português:

In 2025, the Brazilian Chemical Society (SBQ) celebrates the 30th anniversary of its periodic table of the elements, first launched in 1995 in two printed formats: an A4-sized version with detailed chemical information and a poster version with a simplified content. Over the years, these periodic tables have undergone continuous updates, reflecting changes in atomic weights, syntheses of new elements, and recommendations from the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). This paper traces the historical development of the SBQ periodic tables, highlighting key modifications. Additionally, the paper presents in detail the latest updates introduced in the 2025 versions of SBQ periodic tables, now under the responsibility of the SBQ Periodic Table Curation Commission (CCTP/SBQ). These efforts aim to provide the most up-to-date and scientifically accurate periodic tables possible, supporting chemistry education and research in Brazil. Within this context, a table of the IUPAC standard atomic weights 2024 is also included in the paper.

Resumo em Português:

A nation’s scientific and technological progress is intrinsically tied to the development, recognition, and retention of its researchers, particularly early-career researchers who play an essential role in advancing science and innovation. However, challenges such as regional disparities, gender inequities, racial and ethnic imbalances, and gaps in postgraduate training hinder the full use of this potential, especially in developing countries. This study, conducted by the Young Researchers Committee of the Brazilian Chemical Society (JP-SBQ), presents a comprehensive profile of early-career chemists in Brazil. With 405 participants, the study explored key topics, including academic training, geographic distribution, working conditions, remuneration, productivity, and skills developed during the doctoral and postdoctoral training. The findings reveal a pronounced geographic concentration of opportunities in the South and Southeast regions, besides significant gaps between the skills considered essential by the researchers and those effectively developed, highlighting the need for more practical and skill-focused curricula, and more inclusive and strategic public policies. This work provides a foundation for understanding the current conditions of those professionals and tracking their progress over time. Moreover, it aims to strengthen chemical research, inspire related studies in other fields, and encourage similar initiatives in developing countries, fostering a more equitable and sustainable scientific environment.

Resumo em Português:

Terms such as alpha and beta particles, positrons, activity and dose are covered in Nuclear Chemistry and Radiochemistry and are not normally part of the curricula of undergraduate chemistry courses in Brazil. The main types of nuclear radiation consist of the emission of alpha, beta particles and gamma rays, and these radiations depend on the charge, mass and kinetic energy. Quantities such as activity, half-life and specific activity are used to describe radioactive sources meanwhile absorbed dose, effective dose and coefficient dose are important for measuring the radiation damage. In this paper, these concepts were applied to build up the radionuclide-activity-exposure triad, a systematic tool to evaluate stolen radiation sources events occurred in Brazil. The accident with Cs-137 occurred in Goiânia in 1987 was classified as serious because it is a βand γ-emitting radionuclide with a low half-life and moderate specific activity, a source with high activity and exposure occurred through ingestion and inhalation. The incidents occurred in Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Nazareno (MG) and São Paulo (SP) did not result in casualties because the activities of the sources were low and the shields were not breached, which did not result in exposures through inhalation or ingestion.

Resumo em Inglês:

HIGH-IMPACT CHEMISTRY AND INNOVATION: WHICH RESEARCH IS GAINING PROMINENCE? This article includes a bibliographic review that allowed us to write an essay on the main topics that can be considered innovative in scientific research recently developed in the field of Chemistry. Therefore, we selected the three journals with the highest impact factor in the area: Chemical Reviews, Chemical Society Reviews, and Nature Materials. From these, we selected and analyzed the 5 articles with the highest number of citations in the years 2018, 2019, and 2020. The analysis allowed for the identification and presentation of themes arranged in 8 categories: structures containing metals, chemical catalysis, nanomaterials, electrochemistry, batteries/capacitors/supercapacitors, solar cells and photovoltaic systems, carbon-based structures and materials, among others. We also discussed the desired possibilities of application and potential of the study themes in the fields of medicinal chemistry, new and reformulated materials, and chemistry for sustainability and meeting energy demands. This allowed us to establish relationships between innovation, science, technology, and society, providing elements for training and encouraging discussions.

Resumo em Português:

. Electronic smoking devices (ESDs), also known as electronic cigarettes, are devices used for nicotine consumption without the need to burn tobacco leaves. These devices heat a chemical mixture of propylene glycol (PG) and vegetal glycerin (VG), containing varying concentrations of nicotine and other additives, known as e-liquid. When heated, this mixture forms an aerosol that is inhaled, delivering nicotine to the lungs and subsequently into the bloodstream. The chemical composition of these e-liquids varies according to their origin, brand, or consumer preference (including homemade production). In Brazil, the commercialization of electronic cigarettes has been banned since 2009, with the restriction reaffirmed by Anvisa Resolution No. 855/2024. Consequently, the composition of products available to Brazilian consumers is often unknown, raising concerns among health authorities. This review examines the reported health, societal, and environmental impacts of electronic cigarette use, as well as the environmental challenges associated with the disposal of these materials. Contrary to the belief that they reduce harm or serve as aids for smoking cessation, the review highlights that e-cigarettes are associated with considerable health risks, contribute to substantial electronic waste and environmental pollution, and impose significant socioeconomic burdens, particularly by targeting young populations by promoting nicotine dependence.