Anatomopathological findings and etiological characterization of swine organs in Brazilian abattoirs

Achados anatomopatológicos e caracterização etiológica de órgãos suínos em abatedouros brasileiros

Brazil stands out as one of the leading pork exporters, driven by advances in pig farming and the adoption of strict sanitary standards. However, non-compliance with these regulations still significantly contributes to the occurrence of infectious and non-infectious diseases, which are among the main causes of pig mortality and carcass condemnation at slaughter. Identifying recurring issues in slaughterhouses can help develop better regulations and improve pig farming production. The present study identifies and describes the main diseases, injuries, and etiologies found in samples of slaughtered pigs submitted for analysis at the Veterinary Pathology Sector of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) over the 21 years studied. For this, 1,206 samples from Brazil were analyzed, obtained through a retrospective and prospective study, with greater representation from the South region. Among these samples, 1,100 received a conclusive diagnosis (91.2%). Of the diagnosed diseases, 77.5% were of infectious origin, with a focus on respiratory diseases, lymphadenitis caused by Mycobacterium sp., and infections associated with swine circovirus, which together accounted for nearly 80% of the cases. Non-infectious lesions accounted for 22.5% of diagnoses and were classified as neoplastic and non-neoplastic. In the non-neoplastic group, integumentary changes were the most frequent, with umbilical hernias being the main manifestation. On the other hand, in the neoplastic group, lymphoma was the most frequent, with 35.5% of the samples having more than one organ affected in the same animal. Thus, this study aims to demonstrate the importance of continuous surveillance and adherence to sanitary guidelines to enhance swine farming further.

INDEX TERMS:
Swine; infectious diseases; neoplasia; abattoir; condemnation