| 1 |
Aguilera-Velasco et al., (2020) (Colombia) |
Cultural meaning |
|
Retirees (22) |
Experimental, qualitative intervention (Free Association) |
Before the intervention, participants defined retirement fundamentally as rest. Afterwards, it was defined mainly as joy. |
| 2 |
Andrade & Torres (2020) (Brazil) |
Meanings |
|
Active workers (275) |
Instrument construction, quantitative (Questionnaire) |
The instrument was composed of four factors (General retirement expectations; mental health and self-care; regulation and self-efficacy, and Social insertion and recognition). Differences were found in gender, timing of retirement and race. |
| 3 |
Antloga et al., (2017) (Brazil) |
Meanings |
|
Retired servers (24) |
Exploratory, qualitative (Interviews) |
Positive meanings in relation to the perception of retirement, such as freedom and merit. The meanings of social perception indicate negative aspects such as inactivity, disability and old age. |
| 4 |
Antunes et al., (2018) (Brazil) |
Experiences |
|
Retired couples (6) |
Exploratory, qualitative (Interviews) |
Different conceptions and ideas, with the possibility of enjoying free time from work and expanding contact networks and family and social coexistence, in addition to reporting losses resulting from work termination and its consequences. |
| 5 |
Árraga et al., (2014) (Venezuela) |
Meanings |
|
Adults (177) |
Descriptive, quantitative (Questionnaire) |
Retirement is fundamentally considered as rest, sharing and family, time away from work activities and free time for other activities. Those who retire by force attribute it more negatively. |
| 6 |
Atchley (1974) (USA) |
Meanings |
|
Workers, retirees (557) |
Descriptive, quantitative (Questionnaire) |
Retirement has a very positive meaning in all four dimensions (activity, emotional evaluation, moral evaluation and physical power), except the activity dimension. |
| 7 |
August (2011) (USA) |
Meanings |
|
Pre and retired women (14) |
Longitudinal, qualitative (Interviews) |
Retirement conceptualized as freedom and growth, a natural final phase, a frightening period due to losses and a culmination of fulfillment or relief. There were contextual influences from family, friends and profession, and changes over time and contexts. |
| 8 |
Boehs & Silva, (2017) (Brazil) |
Satisfaction |
|
Retirees from a multinational (13) |
Exploratory, qualitative (Interviews) |
On the one hand, the meaning was seen as a period of enjoyment of what was built throughout life, on the other hand, some mentioned anguish related to the losses caused by leaving the company/work. |
| 9 |
Bressan et al., (2013) (Brazil) |
Well-being |
|
University servers (33) |
Exploratory, qualitative (Interviews) |
Essential factors (health and finances), positive factors (education, relationships, health and cultural and leisure activities) and negative factors (loss of perspectives, financial security and lack of knowledge of the process) were mentioned. |
| 10 |
Carvalho et al., (2021) (Brazil) |
Meanings of work |
|
Workers (20) |
Exploratory, qualitative (Interviews) |
The most used terms were rest, health, leisure and duty accomplished. The expressions quality of life, time for family and health appear to refer to earnings and there is a sense of apprehension regarding medical insurance, coexistence with colleagues and finances. |
| 11 |
Contzen et al., (2017) (Switzerland) |
Adaptation |
|
Retirees and farmers (15) |
Exploratory, qualitative (Interviews) |
Farmers continue to dedicate time and energy to the farm for the sake of farm continuity and to maintain their work ethic, while passing on responsibility at the same time. Health and inability to contribute are major threats. |
| 12 |
Costa (2022) (Brazil) |
Meanings |
|
Elderly rural producers (28) |
Exploratory, qualitative (Interviews) |
The meaning in categories (Dignity, End of a cycle, Dishonor, Bureaucracy, Self-performance and Self-awareness). Low monetary value perceived as a lack of recognition, but which allows survival and access to services. |
| 13 |
Davis & Cannava (1995) (Italy) |
Beliefs, relationships and changes |
|
Men and women (8) |
Exploratory, qualitative (Interviews) |
Emergence of an uncompromising lightness as aesthetic interconnections emerge. The findings were congruent with Parsee’s three major themes (meaning, rhythmicity, and transcendence) and support Parsee’s theory of human becoming. |
| 14 |
Fudge (1998) (Australia) |
Meanings and interpretations |
|
Retirees between 60 and 70 years old (10) |
Exploratory, 1ualitative (Newspaper and Interviews) |
Retirement as a time of freedom, of activities, of consolidating primary relationships and a space of your own. |
| 15 |
Gettings & Anderson (2021) (USA) |
Sources of information and meanings |
|
Young adults (671 and 16) |
Exploratory, Quantitative, qualitative (Questionnaire and interview) |
In study 1, 13 different meanings were reported, with retirement being described as positive and negative, in fewer numbers. In study 2, conceptualizations were created in positive or negative terms. |
| 16 |
Gibson et al., (2002) (USA) |
Meanings |
|
Women between 58 and 83 years old (24) |
Exploratory, qualitative (Interviews) |
Five topics associated with meaning (freedom, end of paid work, resistance, need to be useful and husband’s retirement). Some women built lives centered on service, while others felt entitled to leisure. |
| 17 |
Grødem & Kitterød (2021) (Norway) |
Images |
|
Workers between 50 and 61 years old (1249) |
Cross-sectional, quantitative (Questionnaire) |
Health and income are key determinants of men’s image, while partners and children are important for women. |
| 18 |
Gvozd, Sakai & Haddad (2015) (Brazil) |
Activities developed, planning |
|
Pre-retirees (82) |
Exploratory, quantitative (Questionnaire) |
Workers reported that it is a well-deserved rest and a natural process of life, expressing positive feelings, such as freedom and satisfaction, and negative feelings such as anxiety, fear, unhappiness and a lower pay than their current salary. |
| 19 |
Hermida, Tartaglini, Stefani (2016) (Argentina) |
Adaptation of elderly people to retirement |
|
Elderly (300) |
Cross-sectional, quantitative (Questionnaire) |
Women had more favorable attitudes and attributed a greater meaning to rest, beginning or continuity. Men had more unfavorable attitudes, which would indicate a more negative adaptation to retirement. |
| 20 |
Karp (1989) (USA) |
Images |
|
Older professionals (72) |
Exploratory, qualitative (Interviews) |
Those who have unfinished agendas at work, have high job satisfaction, perceive retirement as financially unfeasible, and maintain their health are less likely to anticipate retirement. |
| 21 |
Kojola & Moen (2016) (USA) |
Meanings and motivations for work and retirement |
|
People between 52 and 68 years old (28) |
Exploratory, qualitative (Interviews) |
There was no single pattern, but rather a diverse mix of paths shaped by occupational identities, finances, health, and perceptions. The desire to control time and find meaning and purpose, and gender and class constraints restricted decisions. |
| 22 |
Loretto & Vickerstaff (2013) (England) |
Timing, meaning, planning |
|
Couples (57) |
Exploratory, qualitative (Interviews) |
Men focused on hobbies and interests, while women focused on caregiving and other domestic work, with many not feeling retired. For unemployed or economically inactive couples, retirement made no difference. |
| 23 |
Loureiro et al., (2015) (Portugal) |
Meaning -Perception of Transition |
|
Retirees (180) |
Exploratory, qualitative (Focal group) |
Meanings related to continuity, readaptation, gains, losses and ambivalence (simultaneous perception of losses and gains). |
| 24 |
Macêdo, Bendassolli & Torres (2017) (Brazil) |
Social representations |
|
Older servers (283) |
Exploratory and descriptive, qualitative (Questionnaire) |
Five categories of representations (worker’s rights, deserved rest, idleness, new stage of life, and time to enjoy). Expansion of the cultural repertoire focused on the significance of this social object. |
| 25 |
Machado & Lucas (2017) (Brazil) |
Implications of Retirement |
|
Retired teachers (4) |
Exploratory, qualitative (Interviews) |
Positive points such as freedom, routine and flexible schedules, and negative points such as the absence of students. Retirement made it possible to enjoy moments of leisure, dedicating care to the family and fulfilling their desires. |
| 26 |
Martins et al., (2014) (Brazil) |
Meanings |
|
Nursing professionals (13) |
Exploratory, descriptive, qualitative (Interviews) |
Five categories (initial feelings about retirement, opportunity to do what you like, feelings of uselessness and desire to return to work, feeling of duty accomplished, lack of preparation for retirement, and quality of life for retirees). |
| 27 |
Marotz-Baden, Keating & Munro, (1995) (USA and Canada) |
Meanings |
|
Retirees and agricultural workers (365 and 176) |
Transversal, qualitative quantitative (Questionnaires and interviews) |
The hypotheses related to the meaning of retirement as an exit from managerial responsibility (for the retired generation), and as an exit from property (for the younger generation) were confirmed. The older ones had a greater interest in the continuity of the family. |
| 28 |
Moraes et al., (2019) (Brazil) |
Expectations |
|
Professors (20) |
Exploratory, qualitative (Interviews) |
Most do not intend to retire but emphasize the positive aspects of retirement. Negative feelings were related to the inability to work, death, uselessness and disability. Concerns related to labor laws and rights were cited. |
| 29 |
Moreira (2011) (Brazil) |
Imaginaries, meaning |
|
Professors (6) |
Case study, qualitative (Interviews) |
Dissociation between retirement, old age and work. Retirement should not be understood as the end of professional activities, and old age was characterized when you are unable to accomplish what you want. Hesitation between rest or work. |
| 30 |
Nascimento & Polia (2019) (Brazil) |
Planning, decision and meaning |
|
Professors (11) |
Descriptive, exploratory, qualitative (Interviews) |
The centrality of work stands out, and therefore retirement is associated with the feeling of loss of social role, status and also social ties. Most people understand retirement as a time to do what they enjoy. |
| 31 |
Onyx & Benton (1996) (Australia) |
Meanings |
|
Working women (50) |
Exploratory, quantitative, qualitative (Questionnaires and interviews) |
Most have not made plans for their retirement, and the fact that they have inadequate financial security means they are unable to leave paid employment. Women want a reduced emphasis on employment, but not job loss. |
| 32 |
Padova & Lucas (2017) (Brazil) |
Well-being |
|
Retired men (5) |
Descriptive, qualitative (Interviews) |
When asked about the meaning of retirement, respondents reported positively. |
| 33 |
Price (2000) (USA) |
Meanings |
|
Retired women (14) |
Exploratory, qualitative (Interviews) |
A common theme experienced was identified: the sacrifice of professional identity after retirement, the loss of social contacts, the loss of professional challenges and the encounter with stereotypes during retirement. |
| 34 |
Ramos, Cipolli, Lopes (2021) (Brazil) |
Meanings |
|
Elderly (200) |
Exploratory, quantitative (Questionnaire) |
52.5% indicated retirement as positive and 45.5% as negative. Dissatisfaction with income and the expectation of support from representatives is highlighted. |
| 35 |
Sargent et al., (2011) (Canada) |
Meanings |
|
Retired executives (35) |
Exploratory, qualitative (Interviews) |
Four configurations of retirement (exploring new horizons, searching for meaning, contributing in your own way, and putting your feet up). Better understanding with a focus on the future and different types of work identities. |
| 36 |
Silva & Helal (2017) (Brazil) |
Perception |
|
Older workers (7) |
Exploratory, qualitative (interviews) |
Two dimensions (retirement and remaining at work; and aging and ability to work). Negative ideas of aging, uselessness, loss of social ties, and death, combined with financial loss, explain the choice not to retire. |
| 37 |
Silva et al., (2015) (Brazil) |
Conceptions and expectations |
|
Public education professionals (20) |
Exploratory, qualitative (Questionnaire and interviews) |
The centrality that work has in life is observed, when relating retirement to feelings of inactivity and idleness, thus manifesting negative expectations. Need to continue working after retirement. |
| 38 |
Smith & Dougherty, (2017) (USA) |
Expectations |
|
Workers (84) |
Exploratory, qualitative (Interviews) |
Retirement as the ultimate marker of success and individual freedom. Two fractures appeared: freedom/routine and individual responsibility/universal expectations. |
| 39 |
Vianna & Melo-Silva (2009) (Brazil) |
Expectations |
|
Workers who have started the retirement process (20) |
Exploratory, monitoring and qualitative (interviews in two moments) |
Expectation of an increase in quality of life, based on economic conditions. The comparison between the moments highlights the search for greater freedom, family contact and quality of life, and exposes the contradictions of the process. |