ACCULTURATION OF PARAGUAYAN STUDENTS IN THE BRAZILIAN FRONTIER REGION

Santana, Maria Luzia da Silva; Fukuda, Cláudia Cristina

doi:10.1590/2175-35392020216145

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ARTIGO • Psicol. Esc. Educ. 24 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-35392020216145 linkcopy

ACCULTURATION OF PARAGUAYAN STUDENTS IN THE BRAZILIAN FRONTIER REGION

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

This study aimed to identify the acculturation strategies (assimilation, integration, separation, and marginalization) of Paraguayan students in the Brazilian school context, considering their psychological and sociocultural adaptation. A quantitative study was carried out with 231 students from Paraguay, or from Paraguayan descent, aged 13 to 16 years. Most students adopted assimilation and integration as acculturation strategies and found it easy to deal with two or three languages at the same time, in writing and speaking, which suggests appropriate psychological and cultural adaptation.

Keywords:
Acculturation; students; Brazilian frontier

Age	Assimilation (%)	Integration (%)	Separation (%)	Marginalization (%)
12	14 (6,1)	10 (4,3)	1 (0,4)	2 (0,9)
13	30 (13)	19 (8,2)	3 (1,3)	6 (2,6)
14	26 (11,3)	20 (8,7)	7 (3)	5 (2,2)
15	24 (10,4)	23 (10)	3 (1,3)	3 (1,3)
16	12 (5,2)	12 (5,2)	2 (0,7)	1 (0,4)
17	5 (2,2)	2 (0,9)	-	1 (1,4)
Total	111 (48,1)	86 (37,2)	16 (6,9)	18 (7,8)

Associated factors	Assimilation	Integration	Separation	Marginalization
Affections Scale	,258**	,326**	-,217**	-
Positive Affections	,346**	,440**	-,456**	-,442**
Negative Affections	-	-,144*	,301**	,451**
Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale for Adolescents	,312**	,384**	-,471**	-,462**
Self	-	,187**	-	-,333**
Compared self	,129*	-	-,353**	-,356**
Nonviolence	,393**	,373**	-,375**	-,335**
Family	-	-	-,259**	-,256**
Friendship	,254**	,355**	-,372**	-,431**
School	,364**	,360**	-,414**	-,251**

Language used at home	Assimilation (%)	Integration (%)	Marginalization (%)	Separation (%)
Guarani	3 (1,3)	1 (0,4)	-	1 (0,4)
Spanish	2 (0,9)	3 (1,3)	2 (0,9)	-
Portuguese	77 (33,3)	47 (20,3)	10 (4,3)	7 (3,0)
Guarani and Spanish	-	1 (0,4)	-	3 (1,3)
Guarani and Portuguese	4 (1,7)	9 (3,9)	2 (0,9)	-
Spanish and Portuguese	17 (7,4)	12 (5,2)	1 (0,4)	1 (0,4)
Guarani, Spanish, and Portuguese	7 (3)	12 (5,2)	3 (1,3)	4 (1,7)
Spanish, Portuguese, and others	1 (0,4)	1 (0,4)	-	-
Language used at school
Spanish	1 (0,4)	-	1 (0,4)	-
Portuguese	92 (39,8)	61 (26,4)	11 (4,8)	10 (4,3)
Guarani and Portuguese	1 (0,4)	4 (1,7)	2 (0,9)	1 (0,4)
Spanish and Portuguese	14 (6,1)	13 (5,6)	3 (1,3)	1 (0,4)
Guarani, Spanish, and Portuguese	2 (0,9)	8 (3,5)	1 (0,4)	4 (1,7)
Other languages	1 (0,4)	-	-	-

Language used for writing	Assimilation (%)	Integration (%)	Marginalization (%)	Separation (%)
Guarani	1 (0,4)	-	-	-
Spanish	1 (0,4)	-	1 (0,4)	-
Portuguese	36 (15,6)	14 (6,1)	6 (2,6)	3 (1,3)
Portuguese and Spanish	52 (22,5)	58 (25,1)	7 (3)	7 (3)
Guarani and Portuguese	-	1 (0,4)	-	-
Portuguese and others	7 (3)	-	-	-
Spanish, Portuguese, and others	4 (1,7)	3 (1,3)	-	-
Guarani, Spanish, Portuguese, and others	-	1 (0,4)	-	-
Other languages	1 (0,4)	-	-	-
Language used for reading
Guarani	1 (0,4)	1 (0,4)	-	-
Spanish	2 (0,9)	-	2 (0,9)	-
Portuguese	32 (13,9)	9 (3,9)	7 (3)	3 (1,3)
Portuguese and Spanish	51 (22,1)	51 (22,1)	5 (2,2)	3 (1,3)
Guarani and Portuguese	1 (0,4)	1 (0,4)	1 (0,4)	1 (0,4)
Portuguese and others	5 (2,2)	-	-	-
Guarani, Spanish. and others	12 (5,2)	19 (8,2)	3 (1,3)	9 (3,9)
Guarani, Spanish, Portuguese, and others	3 (1,3)	3 (1,3)	-	-
Spanish, Portuguese, and others	3 (1,3)	2 (0,9)	-	-
Other languages	1 (0,4)	-	-	-

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