STIGMA AND DRUG USERS: THE BELIEFS OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS

Dias, Rafaela Toledo; Vieira, Natália São Tiago; Gomes, Caroline Thebald dos Reis; Silveira, Pollyana Santos da

doi:10.4025/psicolestud.v29i0.55188

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ARTICLE • Psicol. Estud. 29 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.4025/psicolestud.v29i0.55188 linkcopy

STIGMA AND DRUG USERS: THE BELIEFS OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

The stigmatization of health professionals related to alcohol and other drugs users limit the access to treatment and allow practices that violate these population’s rights. Therefore, this study aims to comprehend the stigmatizing beliefs of health professionals concerning these users, through a qualitative approach. This investigation was composed by eleven professionals of three areas: CAPSad-III, CAPS-II and Multiprofessional Residence. The strategy applied for data collection was the Focus Group, and they were examined accordingly to the thematic analysis of content. The results showed the presence of beliefs surrounded by stigmas; bigger social damage to women, which can justify bigger acceptance of men to treatment; the importance of a responsible attitude toward the own stigmas and the relevance of the intersectorial approach, which provides autonomy to the user. In view of the results of the investigation, it is concluded that although all the participants present beliefs permeated by stigmas, they are also critical of the discourses that lessen the rights of social participation of drug users and that legitimize their exclusion.

Keywords
Social stigma; substance-related disorders; health care provider

Phase	Method description
Phase 1- Familiarization with data	Perform standardized transcription of the data, followed by repeated reading of the data corpus, taking note of the central ideas identified.
Phase 2- Generation of initial codes	Systematically code the characteristics of the data corpus that were linked to the delimited object and research objectives, grouping relevant data for each code.
Phase 3- Searching for central and specific themes	Group the codes into potential themes, bringing together the datasets (all data within the corpus used for analysis) relevant to each potential theme.
Phase 4- Review of themes	The chosen themes were checked against the extracts (excerpts extracted from the dataset). At this phase, thematic tables were generated (containing the summary of the question or discussion axis, the central theme, and the specific theme), and then, thematic maps of the analysis were produced.
Phase 5- Defining and naming themes	Throughout the process of analyzing and writing the results to refine the specificities of each theme, and generate clear definitions and names for each theme.
Phase 6- Production of the report	Given the final analysis of the selected extracts, the results were related to the literature, and the academic report of the analysis was produced (the respective study focused on the central themes).

Summary of discussion axes	Central themes of the groups
Summary of discussion axes	Focus group 1 (G1) CAPSad-III	Focus group 2 (G2) CAPS-II	Focus group 3 (G3) Multi Residency
Reasons for an individual to make problematic drug use:	Factors such as gender, race, social class, and the “war on drugs”	There are no specific factors that determine problematic use	Social influences based on the capitalist system.
What is it like to work with drug users:	Critical and conscious action is necessary in this area	Contact with drug users changes the prejudices they had about them	Action must be appropriate to the complexity of the service.
Have you ever witnessed and how you reacted when faced with a situation of stigmatization of a drug user:	They tried to talk to their teammates.	They tried to help when witnessed, the stigmatized user.	They tried to talk to reduce the stigma.
How to deal with your own prejudices to ensure quality of care:	Contact with the service user provides a critical reflection on one’s own performance.	They denied the existence of their own prejudices	Critical reflection on their view of service users, which is permeated by prejudice.
Challenges and potential in working with drug users:	Challenges: Lack of effectiveness in public policies. Potentialities: - Team motivation. - Quality of welcoming	Challenges: - Lack of financial resources. - Lack of professionals. Potentialities: - Motivation of the service team.	Challenges: - Maintaining motivation in the face of obstacles encountered in the public policy service network. Potentialities: - The autonomy of the users themselves. - Public policy guidelines.

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