Keywords:
Chondrichthyes; Conservation; Gender representativity; Scientific events; Systematics
Original Article • Neotrop. ichthyol. 21
(2)
• 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2023-0027 linkcopy
Three decades of Chondrichthyan research in Brazil assessed from conferences’ abstracts: patterns, gaps, and expectations
Authorship
person Karla D. A. Soares
Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing-original draft, Writing-review and editing
schoolInstituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941- 902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. (KDAS) karlad.soares@yahoo.com.br.Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroBrazilRJ, BrazilInstituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941- 902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. (KDAS) karlad.soares@yahoo.com.br.
person Flávia F. Petean
Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing-original draft, Writing-review and editing
schoolInstituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Av. Intendente Marino, km 8.2 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. (FFP) ffpetean@gmail.com (corresponding author).Universidad Nacional de San MartínArgentinaChascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Av. Intendente Marino, km 8.2 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. (FFP) ffpetean@gmail.com (corresponding author).schoolEscuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Universidad Nacional de San Martín.Universidad Nacional de San MartínArgentinaArgentinaEscuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Universidad Nacional de San Martín.
Edited-by
Matt Kolmann
Correspondence
Flávia F. Petean ffpetean@gmail.com
Competing Interests
The author declares no competing interests.
Ethical Statement
Not applicable.
SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS
Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941- 902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. (KDAS) karlad.soares@yahoo.com.br.Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroBrazilRJ, BrazilInstituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941- 902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. (KDAS) karlad.soares@yahoo.com.br.
Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Av. Intendente Marino, km 8.2 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. (FFP) ffpetean@gmail.com (corresponding author).Universidad Nacional de San MartínArgentinaChascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Av. Intendente Marino, km 8.2 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. (FFP) ffpetean@gmail.com (corresponding author).
Figures | Tables
imageFIGURE 1 | Research area per event over the years. EBI, Encontro Brasileiro de Ictiologia; SBEEL, Encontro da Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo de Elasmobrânquios. ECO: Ecology, EVO: Evolution; PHY: Physiology, Others: Other research areas. open_in_new

imageFIGURE 2 | Proportion of abstracts with Chondrichthyan Systematics within Evolution (EVO) per event throughout the years. Blue circle = EBI (Encontro Brasileiro de Ictiologia), red square = SBEEL (Encontro da Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo de Elasmobrânquios), yellow triangle = ISPCNF (International Symposium on Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes). Continuous lines represent the data every two years. open_in_new

imageFIGURE 3 | At least one woman vs. no woman in authorship per event throughout the years. Blue circle = EBI (Encontro Brasileiro de Ictiologia), red square = SBEEL (Encontro da Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo de Elasmobrânquios), yellow triangle = ISPCNF (International Symposium on Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes); green cross, no woman. Continuous lines represent the data every two years. open_in_new

imageFIGURE 4 | Women as last authors in each event throughout the years. Blue circle = EBI (Encontro Brasileiro de Ictiologia), red square = SBEEL (Encontro da Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo de Elasmobrânquios), yellow triangle = ISPCNF (International Symposium on Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes). Continuous lines represent the data every two years. open_in_new

imageFIGURE 5 | Women versus men as last authors in Chondrichthyan Evolution. Orange, women; blue, men. open_in_new

imageFIGURE 6 | Proportion of each research area and most studied Chondrichthyan orders by Brazilian region. Green, Northern (N); brown, Northeastern (NE); red, Midwestern (M); orange, Southeastern (SE); blue, Southern (S). Upper graph at the right of each region representing research areas: ECO, Ecology; EVO, Evolution; PHY, Physiology. Lower graph at the right of each region representing Chondrichthyan orders: CAR, Carcharhiniformes; MYL, Myliobatiformes; RAJ, Rajiformes; Other*, other orders. open_in_new

imageFIGURE 7 | Percentage, per event, of first authors’ home institution regarding each of the five Brazilian regions: green, Northern (N); brown, Northeastern (NE); red, Midwestern (M); orange, Southeastern (SE); blue, Southern (S). EBI, Encontro Brasileiro de Ictiologia; SBEEL, Encontro da Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo de Elasmobrânquios; ISPCNF, International Symposium on Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes. open_in_new

imageFIGURE 8 | Proportion of abstracts dealing with each Chondrichthyan order (number in parenthesis) on the Chondrichthyan Tree of Life cladogram (www.sharksrays.org, Naylor, 2022). open_in_new

imageFIGURE 9 | Proportion of abstracts with each Chondrichthyan order and proportion of studies by research area: ECO, Ecology; EVO, Evolution; PHY, Physiology. The percentage might be higher than 100% since some abstracts were counted twice as they dealt with more than one order. open_in_new

imageFIGURE 10 | Funnel representing the total number of abstracts with Chondrichthyes, the proportion of studies with Evolution within those, the proportion of Systematics, and the final proportion of women acting as last authors (WLA) in Chondrichthyan Systematics. The “leaking pipeline” is demonstrated by the reasons women might be leaving academia in the right side of the image. ECO, Ecology; EVO, Evolution; PHY, Physiology. open_in_new

table_chartTABLE 1 |
Dataset with scientific conferences, years, Brazilian states, total of abstracts, absolute numbers, and percentage of chondrichthyan abstracts. EBI = Brazilian Meeting of Ichthyology, ISPCNF = International Symposium on Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes, SBEEL = Brazilian Society for the Study of Elasmobranchs.
| Conferences | Year | Locality | Total abstracts | Chondrichthyes | % |
| IX EBI | 1991 | Paraná | 196 | 12 | 6.12 |
| X EBI | 1993 | São Paulo | 241 | 12 | 4.98 |
| XI EBI | 1995 | São Paulo | 318 | 16 | 5.03 |
| XII EBI | 1997 | São Paulo | 399 | 7 | 1.75 |
| XIII EBI | 1999 | São Paulo | 610 | 40 | 6.55 |
| XIV EBI | 2001 | Rio Grande do Sul | 577 | 13 | 2.25 |
| XV EBI | 2003 | São Paulo | 520 | 7 | 1.35 |
| XVI EBI | 2005 | Paraíba | 780 | 35 | 4.49 |
| XVII EBI | 2007 | Santa Catarina | 1037 | 34 | 3.28 |
| XVIII EBI | 2009 | Mato Grosso | 527 | 15 | 2.85 |
| XIX EBI | 2011 | Amazonas | 786 | 27 | 3.44 |
| XX EBI | 2013 | Paraná | 1033 | 28 | 2.71 |
| XXI EBI | 2015 | Pernambuco | 1169 | 32 | 2.74 |
| XXII EBI | 2017 | Bahia | 765 | 24 | 3.14 |
| XXIII EBI | 2019 | Pará | 1010 | 29 | 2.87 |
| I ISPCNF | 1997 | Rio Grande do Sul | 49 | 1 | 2.04 |
| II ISPCNF | 2017 | Paraná | 181 | 10 | 3.87 |
| I SBEEL | 1997 | Bahia | 74 | 74 | 100 |
| II SBEEL | 2000 | São Paulo | 98 | 98 | 100 |
| III SBEEL | 2002 | Paraíba | 71 | 71 | 100 |
| IV SBEEL | 2004 | Pernambuco | 97 | 97 | 100 |
| V SBEEL | 2006 | Santa Catarina | 88 | 88 | 100 |
| VI SBEEL | 2008 | Ceará | 96 | 96 | 100 |
| VII SBEEL | 2011 | Rio Grande do Sul | 87 | 87 | 100 |
| VIII SBEEL | 2014 | Pernambuco | 72 | 72 | 100 |
| IX SBEEL | 2016 | Alagoas | 107 | 107 | 100 |
| X SBEEL | 2018 | Paraíba | 461 | 461 | 100 |
How to cite
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Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia
Neotropical Ichthyology, Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, CCB, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Cidade Universitária, 86055-900, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, Phone +55(43)3371-5151 -
Londrina -
PR -
Brazil
E-mail: neoichth@nupelia.uem.br
E-mail: neoichth@nupelia.uem.br
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