Processing and Characterization of a Novel ZTA-MgO for Dental Applications

Saggioro, Ana Clara Bortolucci; Fernandes, Leandro; Villas-Bôas, Mariana de Oliveira Carlos; Salomão, Rafael; Pinelli, Lígia Antunes Pereira

doi:10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2024-0404

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Article • Mat. Res. 28 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2024-0404 linkcopy

Processing and Characterization of a Novel ZTA-MgO for Dental Applications

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) is a promising material for dentistry; however, its current formulation exhibits a mauve coloration. This study aimed to synthesize a white ZTA ceramic by doping it with 0.7 wt% magnesium oxide (MgO). Specimens (1.2 mm in thickness x 12 mm in diameter) were divided into 3 groups (n = 15): ZTA doped with chromium oxide (ZTA-Cr2O3), ZTA doped with MgO (ZTA-MgO) and ICE-Zirkon (control group). The materials were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, scanning electron microscopy, and spectrophotometer. Biaxial flexural strength was conducted, and the Weibull modulus (m) and probability of failure were calculated. ZTA-MgO group had a white color, showing the pattern for alumina and zirconia grains in ZTA with a typical composition of the materials. It demonstrated superior BFS (915 ±41 MPa) and higher reliability than the ZTA-Cr₂O₃. ZTA-MgO proved to be able to produce white ZTA for future use in dentistry.

Keywords:
Zirconia-toughened alumina; Aluminum Oxide; Zirconium; Magnesium; Flexural Strength

Raw materials	ZTA-MgO			ZTA-Cr₂O₃			ICE-Zirkon
Raw materials	wt%	vol. %	mol %	wt%	vol. %	mol %	wt%	vol. %	mol %
Al₂O₃	75.70	81.29	79.17	75.70	81.07	79.17	-	-	-
MgO	0.70	0.83	1.82	0.00	0.00	0.00	-	-	-
Cr₂O₃	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.70	1.10	0.49	-	-	-
SrO	0.70	0.63	0.71	0.70	0.63	0.72	-	-	-
ZrO₂	22.38	16.80	19.11	22.38	16.75	19.37	94.8	93.8	94 to 96
Y₂O₃	0.53	0.45	0.25	0.53	0.45	0.25	5.2	6.2	4 to 6

Elements	Compositions tested
	ICE-Zirkon	ZTA-Cr₂O₃	ZTA-MgO
	(wt%)	(wt%)	(wt%)
Alumina oxide	0	75.18	74.08
Zirconium oxide	94.50	22.93	24.22
Yttrium oxide	5.50	1.21	1.27
Chromium oxide	0	0.96	0
Magnesium oxide	0	0	0.42

Crystalline phases	ICE-Zirkon (wt%)	ZTA-Cr₂O₃ (wt%)	ZTA-MgO (wt%)
Tetragonal ZrO₂	65.8	7.0	9.4
Monoclinic ZrO₂	0.0	6.7	3.9
Cubic ZrO₂	34.2	1.4	1.6
α-Al₂O₃	0.0	84.9	85.1

Material	ICE-Zirkon	ZTA-Cr₂O₃	ZTA-MgO
Total porosity	1.13 ±0.04	4.09 ±1.4	6.17 ±2.0
Apparent density	5.93 ±0.26	4.23 ±0.20	4.13 ±0.12
Relative density	98.87	95.90	93.83

Groups	ICE-Zirkon	ZTA-Cr₂O₃	ZTA-MgO
L*	80.7333	13.4667	28.1667
a*	-1.0333	7.7000	3.2667
b*	7.1000	7.4333	12.5000

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