Resumen en Inglés:

Abstract To support the safe and efficient utilization of coal gangue (CG) as aggregate in underground support structures, this study systematically investigates the dynamic fracture response and damage evolution of coal gangue concrete (CGC) under single and cyclic impact loading. Experimental results show that increasing the CG replacement ratio reduces dynamic strength and elastic modulus while raising peak strain. Under cyclic impact, the impact resistance life shortens significantly, and damage evolution follows a “weak-phase-dominated” mechanism driven by the low strength of CG aggregates and weak interfacial zones. As the replacement ratio increases, failure transitions toward a crushing-dominated mode governed by aggregate fracture and interfacial slip. Based on these findings, a dynamic strength degradation model coupling the replacement ratio and impact number is established to predict residual load-bearing capacity after cyclic impact. This work provides a theoretical basis for the design and safety assessment of CG concrete structures in dynamically disturbed underground environments.

Resumen en Inglés:

Abstract The aging state and operational environment of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles are highly complex and variable. To investigate LIB safety under foreign object collisions, this study develops a detailed finite element model of 18650 LIBs at different cycle counts. Following model validation, we conduct comprehensive simulation tests using indenters of varying types, sizes, intrusion angles, and loading positions. A machine learning model is subsequently developed to rapidly predict battery failure displacement and load. Results demonstrate that this approach achieves high-accuracy prediction of LIB failure behavior, providing a valuable reference for other LIB application scenarios.