| Andrade et al.14 |
N = 16 (18.6 ± 1.3 years) |
Indirect strength tests, load cell and 10' swim test |
Males |
National |
No |
Impulse generation during the front crawl stroke |
| Souza, Gomes, Loss15 |
N = 10 (21.3 ± 6 years) |
Load cells, vídeo |
Males and females |
Not disclosed |
No |
Propulsive strength while tied |
| Candeia et al.16 |
N = 52 (14.0 ± 1.7 years) |
Portable dynamometer (DD-300, Instrutherm) |
Males and females |
National |
No |
Medial and lateral shoulder rotation strength |
| Correia et al.17 |
N = 9 (23.11 ± 4.2 years) |
Strength transductor, videogametry |
Males |
College |
No |
Knee extension strength and turn performance |
| Meliscki et al.18 |
N = 15 (20 ± 2 years) |
Isometric dynamometer Globus Ergo System® |
Males |
Elite/national |
No |
Internal and external shoulder rotator muscle |
| Pires et al.19 |
N = 17 (15.18 ± 2.31 years) |
Stroke frequency, length, average speed and index |
Males and females |
Not disclosed |
Yes 14 weeks |
Positive effect of strength training with linear (long-distance) and non-linear (short-distance) periodization |
| Fortes et al.20 |
N = 10 (18.7 ± 1.6 years) |
10-MR test (Leg press 45º, front lat pulldowns, squats and bench press) |
Females |
National |
No |
Strength in different phases of the menstrual cycle |
| Secchi, Brech, Greve21 |
N = 81 (17 to 33 years)* |
Isokinetic dynamometer Biodex® |
Males and females |
Competitive, non-competitive and sedentary |
No |
Internal and external shoulder rotator muscle |
| Pereira et al.22 |
N = 14 (18.4 ± 4.9 years) |
Pressure sensors of the Aquanex system |
Males and females |
Not disclosed |
No |
Symmetry of Upper limbs’ strength during the butterfly style |
| Batalha et al.23 |
N = 60 swimmers (14.55 ± 0.5 years) N = 60 non-swimmers (14.62 ± 0.49 years) |
Isokinetic dynamometer Biodex System 3 |
Males |
Competitive and non-competitive |
No |
Internal and external shoulder rotator muscle |
| Barbosa et al.24 |
N = 16 (20.4 ± 4.0 years) |
Load cell "Strain Gage" |
Males |
National |
No |
Biomechanical parameters of the strength-time curve |
| Detanico et al.25 |
N = 10 (26.4 ± 6.6 years) |
Camera (30Hz) and "Squat Jump" Kistler® |
Males |
State |
No |
Angles during diving and variables associated to vertical jump |
| Silveira et al.26 |
N = 11 (16 ± 3 years) |
Strength plataform (peak strength and contact duration) |
Males and females |
Not disclosed |
No |
Standardization for the turn distance analysis of performance in swimming |
| Bocalini et al.27 |
N = 20 (24 ± 2 years) |
Explosive strength of lower-body muscles, speed, strength and timing of swimming |
Males |
Federate athletes |
Yes 12 weeks |
Positive effects of parachute training over muscle strength and 50m test |
| Castro et al.28 |
N = 12 (18.3 ± 2.9 years) |
Load cell, chronometer |
- |
National |
No |
Relate the 200m freestyle performance with stationary swimming kinetic variables |
| Secchi et al.29 |
N = 14 (symmetric 21.3±5.5 years; asymmetric 20.5±3 years) |
Isokinetic dynamometer Cybex 6000 |
- |
Elite |
No |
Trunk traction strength |
| Pessôa Filho30 |
N = 11 (15.45 ± 1.75 years) |
Video |
- |
Not disclosed |
No |
Mechanical and metabolic parameters of performance in max-intensity freestyle swimming |
| Barbosa, Moraes, Andries Jr.31 |
N = 16 (21.93 ± 2.17 years) |
Indirect strength tests and 10' swim test |
- |
Not disclosed |
Yes 12 weeks |
Null effect of strength training outside the pool over swimming performance |
| Barbosa, Andries Jr.32 |
N = 16 (21.93 ± 2.17 years) |
Tests: 25m & 50 m; and 1-MR and 70% of 1-MR in 30" |
Males |
College |
Yes 10 weeks |
Null effect of strength training outside the pool over swimming performance |
| Schneider, Henkin, Meyer33 |
N = 26 (13.0 ± 0.8 years) |
Isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex Norm) |
Males and females |
Not disclosed |
No |
Analyze isokinetic concentric strength of external and internal shoulder rotators |
| Papoti et al.34 |
N = 14 (15 to 18 years)* |
Y-intercept and tests in the pool |
Males and females |
State and national |
No |
Y-intercept use in anaerobic capacity testing and performance prediction |
| Schneider, Meyer35 |
N = 48 (9 to 13 years)* |
Isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex Norm) |
Males and females |
Competitive |
No |
Anthropometry and isokinetic assessment of knee extension and elbow flexion |
| Marinho, Andries Jr.36 |
N = 19 (14.5 ± 1.12 years) |
Strength dynamometer for forearm and 25m maximum tests |
Males |
National |
No |
Relationship between isometric strength and maximum speed swimming performance |