Epidemiological Profile of Arterial Hypertension in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2011 and 2019

Oliveira, Catia Martins Cristina; Silva, Anna Carolina Pinho da; Silva, Bianca Ramos Marins; Campos, Ana Clara

doi:10.36660/ijcs.20240165

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Original Article • Int J Cardiovasc Sci 39 • 2026 • https://doi.org/10.36660/ijcs.20240165 linkcopy

Epidemiological Profile of Arterial Hypertension in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2011 and 2019

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are currently the leading global cause of morbidity and premature mortality. High blood pressure is one of the precursors to the disease, which, when undetected, can lead to other serious complications such as thrombosis, acute myocardial infarction, and stroke.

Objective: To analyze the profile of hypertension and associated factors in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro in the years 2011 and 2019.

Method: This is a population-based cross-sectional study that used data from the Vigitel telephone survey implemented by the Ministry of Health. The eligible population was that of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, aged eighteen or older, in 2011 and 2019. To analyze the association between the outcome and the independent variables, multivariate logistic regression was used, estimating the Odds Ratio and its respective 95% confidence intervals.

Results: The predominant sociodemographic profile remained similar in 2011 and 2019: a majority of women, 18-39 years, and with 9-12 years of schooling. Education level in 2011 appeared as a protective factor among individuals with 12 or more years of schooling (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43; 0.97). Obese individuals had a 2.81- and 2.96-times greater chance, in 2011 and 2019, respectively, of reporting hypertension, compared to non-obese individuals.

Conclusion: The study highlights the need to expand the healthcare network to implement more effective strategies that consider the determinants of hypertension in order to achieve a greater impact on the management and control of the disease.

Keywords:
Hypertension; Health Surveys; Risk Factors; Delivery of Health Care

Characteristics		2011 (n=2004)		2019 (n=2059)
Characteristics		n	%	n	%
Sex
	Male	746	45.63	730	45.64
	Female	1258	54.37	1329	54.36
Age range
	18-39 years	604	43.75	394	42.91
	40-59 years	767	36.45	580	33.72
	60-69 years	332	10.80	523	13.48
	70+ years	301	9.00	562	9.89
Education
	0 - 8 years	442	26.89	437	19.73
	9-12 years	945	46.58	884	48.53
	12+ years	611	26.27	738	31.74
Marital status
	Not married	1061	51.33	1072	52.75
	Married	943	48.67	987	47.25
Race/color
	White	1012	50.42	1069	50.00
	Black/brown	919	45.72	824	42.94
	Yellow	31	1.67	9	0.41
	Indigenous	24	1.48	17	0.73
Health insurance
	No	854	47.28	920	46.79
	Yes	1145	52.55	1130	52.77
Smoking
	No	1756	87.43	1867	89.89
	Yes	248	12.57	192	10.11
Alcoholism
	No	1311	64.45	1273	56.45
	Yes	693	35.55	786	43.55
Obesity
	No	1488	74.59	1474	71.08
	Yes	334	15.69	395	20.16
	No information	182	9.72	190	8.75
Physical inactivity
	No	1709	86.66	1657	84.50
	Yes	295	13.34	402	15.50
Fruit consumption
	No	712	40.50	707	43.68
	Yes	1292	59.50	1352	56.32
Vegetables consumption
	No	950	46.20	968	47.78
	Yes	1054	53.80	1091	52.22

Characteristics		HBP - 2011		p-value*	HBP - 2019		p-value*
Characteristics		n	%	p-value*	n	%	p-value*
Sex
	Male	235	38.14	0.00	253	36.44	0.00
	Female	503	61.86	0.00	593	63.56	0.00
Age range
	18-39 years	68	0.16	0.00	32	14.09	0.00
	40-59 years	281	44.35		201	38.42
	60-69 years	193	20.26		274	25.87
	70+ years	196	19.31		339	21.62
Education
	0 - 8 years	250	41.04	0.00	265	32.91	0.00
	9-12 years	326	41.22		358	45.90
	12+ years	161	17.75		223	21.19
Marital status
	Not married	392	54.84	0.00	419	38.15	0.00
	Married	346	45.16	0.00	427	61.85	0.00
Race/color
	White	365	50.02	0.88	406	52.78	0.87
	Black/brown	346	47.14		349	45.60
	Yellow	9	1.49		3	0.52
	Indigenous	8	1.36		8	1.10
Health insurance
	No	337	48.53	0.03	411	43.19	0.09
	Yes	398	51.47	0.03	433	56.81	0.09
Smoking
	No	656	88.36	0.47	778	91.78	0.17
	Yes	82	11.64	0.47	68	8.22	0.17
Alcoholism
	No	525	70.73	0.00	582	65.81	0.00
	Yes	213	29.27	0.00	264	34.19	0.00
Obesity
	No	480	71.84	0.00	520	64.67	0.00
	Yes	178	28.16	0.00	230	35.33	0.00
Physical inactivity.
	No	586	82.50	0.00	642	80.08	0.01
	Yes	152	17.50	0.00	204	19.92	0.01
	Fruit consumption
	No	224	33.11	0.00	265	40.58	0.18
	Yes	514	66.89	0.00	581	59.42	0.18
Vegetables consumption
	No	347	49.07	0.13	380	47.93	0.06
	Yes	391	50.93	0.13	466	52.07	0.06

Characteristics		HBP - 2011			HBP - 2019
Characteristics		OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value
Sex
	Male	1	-	-	1	-	-
	Female	1.39	1.04; 1.85	0.02	1.50	1.07; 2.10	0.02
Age range
	18-39 years	1	-	-	1	-	-
	40-59 years	3.96	2.71; 5.78	0.00	3.52	2.04; 6.09	0.00
	60-69 years	9.88	6.39; 15.29	0.00	8.97	5.10; 15.77	0.00
	70+ years	12.94	7.89; 21.22	0.00	13.46	7.77; 23.32	0.00
Education
	0 - 8 years	1	-	-	1	-	-
	9-12 years	0.8	0.56; 1.15	0.22	0.91	0.63; 1.33	0.64
	12+ years	0.64	0.43; 0.97	0.03	0.72	0.46; 1.15	0.17
Marital status
	Not married	1	-	-	1	-	-
	Married	1.01	0.77; 1.34	0.93	1.71	1.22; 2.40	0.00
Smoking
	No	-	-	-	1	-	-
	Yes	0.87	0.65; 1.14	0.16	0.81	0.48; 1.38	0.44
Alcoholism
	No	-	-	-	1	-	-
	Yes	-	-	-	0.89	0.65; 1.23	0.49
Obesity
	No	1	-	-	1	-	-
	Yes	2.82	2.03; 3.90	0.00	2.94	2.07; 4.21	0.00
Physical inactivity
	No	1	-	-	1	-	-
	Yes	1.13	0.77; 1.66	0.45	1.03	0.70; 1.52	0.87
Health insurance
	Yes	1	-	-	1	-	-
	No	1.13	0.85; 1.50	0.34	1.21	0.87; 1.69	0.25
Fruit consumption (5x or more/week)
	Yes	1	-	-	1	-	-
	No	0.79	0.59; 1.07	0.14	1.09	0.79; 1.51	0.60
Vegetables consumption (5 times or more/week)
	Yes	1	-	-	1	-	-
	No	1.18	0.89; 1.55	0.25	0.81	0.60; 1.10	0.18

location_on

Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia Avenida Marechal Câmara, 160, sala: 330, Centro, CEP: 20020-907, (21) 3478-2700 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: revistaijcs@cardiol.br

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[TFN1] ^*
Chi-square test with correction for complex samples.

[2] Source: Ministry of Health, Brazil, Vigitel – Vigitel: Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases through Telephone Survey.