Treatment Adherence and Cardiometabolic Goals in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease in the North Region of Brazil

Coutinho, Fernando Maia; Nogueira, Talles L. Pereira; Souza, Dilma do Socorro Moraes de; Holanda, Lucianna Serfaty de; Holanda, Vitor Bruno Teixeira de; Assad, Michele N.; Coutinho, Rafael M.; Souza, Ana Flávia Oliveira de; Marvão, Márcio César Ribeiro; Paulo, Thiago da Silva

doi:10.36660/ijcs.20250291

person Fernando Maia Coutinho

analysis and interpretation of the data and statistical analysis · writing of the manuscript

schoolUniversidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA – Brazil

0000-0003-4721-8771

person Talles L. Pereira Nogueira

analysis and interpretation of the data and statistical analysis · writing of the manuscript

schoolUniversidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA – Brazil

0000-0003-2782-6657

person Dilma do Socorro Moraes de Souza

Conception and design of the research · analysis and interpretation of the data and statistical analysis · critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content

schoolUniversidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA – Brazil

0000-0002-2427-4853

person Lucianna Serfaty de Holanda

Conception and design of the research · analysis and interpretation of the data and statistical analysis · critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content

schoolFundação Hospital de Clínicas Gaspar Vianna do Pará, Belém, PA – Brazil

0000-0002-5087-7041

person Vitor Bruno Teixeira de Holanda

Conception and design of the research · acquisition of data · critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content

schoolFundação Hospital de Clínicas Gaspar Vianna do Pará, Belém, PA – Brazil

person Michele N. Assad

analysis and interpretation of the data and statistical analysis · writing of the manuscript

schoolUniversidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA – Brazil

person Rafael M. Coutinho

analysis and interpretation of the data and statistical analysis · writing of the manuscript

schoolUniversidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA – Brazil

0009-0002-8232-6698

person Ana Flávia Oliveira de Souza

Conception and design of the research · critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content

schoolCentro Universitário do Estado do Pará, Belém, PA – Brazil

0009-0002-8167-7509

person Márcio César Ribeiro Marvão

acquisition of data · writing of the manuscript · critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content

schoolUniversidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA – Brazil

0000-0003-0810-8254

person Thiago da Silva Paulo

acquisition of data · critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content

schoolFaculdade Metropolitana da Amazônia, Belém, PA – Brazil

0009-0008-2351-7332

personMailing Address:Fernando Maia Coutinho • Universidade Federal do Pará. Rod. Augusto Montenegro, n° 4120. Postal code:
66075-110. Belém, PA – Brazil E-mail:
nandoomaiac@gmail.com

Potential Conflict of Interest

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Editor responsible for the review:

Fernando Costa

Variables		N	%	p value
Sex	Male*	78	73.6%	< 0.0001 *
Sex	Female	28	26.4%	< 0.0001 *
Age range (years)	< 50	8	7.5%	< 0.0001 *
	50 to 59*	33	31.1%
	60 to 69*	34	32.1%
	70 to 79	22	20.8%
	≥ 80	7	6.6%
	Not reported	2	1.9%
Education level	Illiterate	6	5.7%	< 0.0001 †
	Incomplete primary education	31	29.2%
	Complete primary education	20	18.9%
	Incomplete secondary education	15	14.2%
	Complete secondary education	21	19.8%
	Incomplete higher education	4	3.8%
	Complete higher education	4	3.8%
	Not reported	5	4.7%
Treatment	Percutaneous coronary intervention	61	57.5%	< 0.0001 *
	Coronary artery bypass grafting	36	34.0%
	Clinical treatment	11	10.4%
	Not reported	1	0.9%

Variables		N	%	p value
Smoking
Do you smoke?	Yes	9	8.5%	< 0.0001 *
Do you smoke?	No*	97	91.5%	< 0.0001 *
Have you ever smoked?	Yes*	65	61.3%	0.0197 *
Have you ever smoked?	No	41	38.7%	0.0197 *
If yes, how many pack-years?	< 10	10	15.4%	0.3262
	10 to 19	14	21.5%
	20 to 29	15	23.1%
	30 to 39	11	16.9%
	40 to 49	5	7.7%
	≥ 50	10	15.4%
Nutritional follow-up
Do you receive nutritional follow-up?	Yes	25	23.6%	< 0.0001 *
Do you receive nutritional follow-up?	No*	78	73.6%	< 0.0001 *
Physical exercise
How often do you engage in physical exercise per week?	Never	39	36.8%
	Sometimes	21	19.8%	0.0086 *
	Usually	30	28.3%
	Always	16	15.1%

Variables		N	%	p value
Do you ever forget to take your daily medication?	Most of the time	5	4.7%	< 0.0001 *
	Sometimes	40	37.7%
	Never*	61	57.5%
Do you ever confuse the medications you are supposed to take daily?	Always	1	0.9%	< 0.0001 †
	Most of the time	1	0.9%
	Sometimes	19	17.9%
	Never*	85	80.2%
How well do your treatment medications work for you?	Well*	90	84.9%	< 0.0001 †
	Fair	14	13.2%
	Not reported	2	1.9%
Do any medications cause you any discomfort?	Yes	11	10.4%	< 0.0001 †
	No*	91	85.8%
	Not reported	4	3.8%
If yes, which medications?	Enalapril	5	45.5%	Not significant
	Captopril	1	9.1%
	Ezetimibe	1	9.1%
	Glifage XR	1	9.1%
	Metformin	1	9.1%
	Rosuvastatin	1	9.1%

Variables		N	%	p value
HDL-cholesterol	Normal	47	44.3%	0.4861
	Abnormal	54	50.9%
	Not reported	5	4.7%
LDL-cholesterol	Normal	24	22.6%	< 0.0001 *
	Abnormal*	77	72.6%
	Not reported	5	4.7%
Triglycerides	Normal	56	52.8%	0.1914
	Abnormal	43	40.6%
	Not reported	7	6.6%
Fasting blood glucose	Normal*	80	75.5%	< 0.0001 *
	Abnormal	20	18.9%
	Not reported	6	5.7%
Blood pressure	Normal	55	51.9%	0.6976
Blood pressure	Abnormal	51	48.1%	0.6976
Heart rate	Normal	50	47.2%	0.5600
Heart rate	Abnormal	56	52.8%	0.5600
Abdominal circumference	Normal	60	56.6%	0.1167
	Abnormal	44	41.5%
	Not reported	2	1.9%

Variable	Correlation coefficient	p value
Dependent: Treatment adherence
Independent:
Sex	rs = 0.0869 or 8.69%	0.3756
Age	rs = −0.0639 or −6.39%	0.5151
Smoking	rs = 0.0513 or 5.13%	0.6012
Education level	rs = 0.2405 or 24.05%	0.0130 *
Physical exercise	rs = 0.0294 or 2.94%	0.7648
Nutritional follow-up	rs = 0.1811 or 18.11%	0.0631
Medication-related discomfort	rs = −0.0644 or −6.44%	0.5118

[TFN1] Source: Study protocol.

[TFN2] ^*
Chi-square goodness-of-fit test;

[TFN3] ^†
G test for goodness-of-fit.