Controle do florescimento, desenvolvimento e qualidade de abacaxizeiro cv. Vitória utilizando Paclobutrazol

Silva, Laís Fontana; Pires, Andrea; Arantes, Lúcio de Oliveira; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Caetano, Luiz Carlos Santos; Ventura, José Aires; Oliveira, Vinicius de Souza; Dousseau-Arantes, Sara

doi:10.1590/3085-89092025203

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da concentração do paclobutrazol (PBZ) e o período de aplicação no abacaxizeiro ‘Vitória’. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial (3x3+1), sendo três concentrações (75; 150 e 300 mg L^-1) do PBZ e três períodos (P1: abril-maio; P2: maio-junho, e P3:junho-julho) e um tratamento adicional (controle). Foram realizados o cálculo do florescimento, as analises de desenvolvimento das plantas, os pigmentos fotossintéticos, a alocação de carboidratos,o nitrogênio total e físico-química dos frutos, e os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de Tukey(p<0,05). Todas as concentrações de PBZ inibiram o florescimento e houve um acréscimo no tempo de inibição. O PBZ, na concentração de 150 e 300 mg L^-1, inibiu oflorescimento natural no P1 e P2 e 80% no P3. O PBZ induziu o desenvolvimento das folhas emrelação ao controle, porém o efeito reduziu ao aumentar a concentração. Os teores de clorofila foram superiores, com 150 e 300 mg L^-1 de PBZ, e ela não foi influenciadapelos períodos. Para os teores de carboidratos, o amido apresentou diferença significativa. O nitrogênio foi influenciado na parte apical e mediana das folhas. O PBZ reduziu a massa dos frutos e, consequentemente, aumentou o teor de Brix, vitamina C e ratio. Portanto,recomenda-se a concentração de 75 mg L^-1 no período de maio-junho.

Termos para indexação
Ananas comosus L.; Floração; Reguladores de crescimento; Manejo

[TFN0201] ^*
Means followed by the same lower case letter in the column and upper-case letter in the row are not different from each other by the test of Tukey (p<0.05).

	Application period	Application dates		Number of applications
	Application period	Start	End	Number of applications
1	April to May	02 April 2019	14 May 2019	4
2	May to June	07 May 2019	17 June 2019	4
3	June to July	03 June 2019	16 July 2019	4

Concentrations	Application periods			Mean
Concentrations	P1	P2	P3	Mean
D leaf length (cm)
75	58.2	56.5	60.8	58.2 a
150	36.8	42.6	37.2	38.8 b
300	38.4	32.9	28.3	33.4 b
Mean	44.4 A	43.9 A	42.3 A
Additional test				77.5 a
Factorial				43.6 b
CV (%)	16.8
D leaf width (cm)
75	5.0	5.4	4.9	5.1 a
150	4.3	5.0	5.1	4.7 ab
300	4.3	4.5	4.7	4.5 b
Mean	4.5 B	4.9 A	4.9 A
Additional test				4.6 a
Factorial				4.8 a
CV (%)	8.4
Plant height (cm)
75	109.6	96.8	94.9	100.4 a
150	94.3	96.4	92.8	94.5 ab
300	90.2	91.3	81.4	87.5 b
Mean	97.9 A	94.8 AB	89.6 B
Additional test				97.8 a
Factorial				94.1 a
CV (%)	7.6
Stem diameter (mm)
75	68.2	71.4	69.9	69.8 b
150	66.1	71.1	72.8	70.0 ab
300	70.9	75.2	75.8	73.9 a
Mean	68.4 B	72.5 A	72.8 A
Additional test				53.2 b
Factorial				71.2 a
CV (%)	5.8
Stem dry matter (grams)
75	364.1	305.1	295.0	321.4 a
150	225.2	290.2	360.2	291.8 a
300	320.7	235.5	231.8	262.6 a
Mean	303.3 A	276.8 A	295.6 A
Additional test				107.3 b
Factorial				291.9 a
CV (%)	38.9
Total number of leaves
75	142.3	120.5	121.3	128.0 a
150	128.1	122.0	134.5	128.2 a
300	113.1	104.5	110.1	109.2 b
Mean	127.8 A	115.6 A	121.9 A
Additional test				83.7 b
Factorial				121.8 a
CV (%)	13.6
Total leaf dry matter (grams)
75	834.6	690.0	798.9	736.4 a
150	529.2	619.6	732.1	604.8 b
300	463.8	479.0	457.6	490.0 c
Mean	594.5 A	595.4 A	641.3 A
Additional test				464.3 b
Factorial				610.4 a
CV (%)	17.0

Factors	Variable
Factors	Cla	Clb	Total Cl	β−Carot.	Licop.	Zeax.	α−Carot.	β-Cript.	Total Carot.
Concentrations
75	9.1 b	10.4 b	19.6 b	20.4 a	15.0 a	23.3 a	20.0 a	22.3 a	101.2 a
150	15.0 a	33.3 a	48.4 a	22.3 a	14.3 a	22.7 a	21.2 a	24.8 a	105.5 a
300	16.7 a	36.7 a	53.4 a	13.7 b	10.1 b	15.3 b	13.3 b	15.1 b	67.6 b
Periods
1	13.3 a	24.6 a	38.0 a	16.5 b	11.7 a	18.5 a	16.4 b	20.1 a	83.3 a
2	15.0 a	28.7 a	43.8 a	19.6 a	14.2 a	21.6 a	18.6 ab	21.2 a	95.4 a
3	12.5 a	27.1 a	39.6 a	20.3 a	13.5 a	21.2 a	19.5 a	20.9 a	95.6 a
Test. Additional	7.8 b	16.9 b	12.6 b	13.4 b	11.3 a	13.1 b	12.9 b	12.9 b	63.9 b
Factorial	13.6 a	26.8 a	40.5 a	18.8 a	13.1 a	20.4 a	18.2 a	20.7 a	91.4 a
CV (%)	16.2	14.0	12.9	13.9	19.1	17.5	13.0	26.7	15.5

Factors	Variables - Apical Part of the Plant
Factors	Reducing sugars	Total soluble sugars	Starch	Total nitrogen
Concentrations
75	121.1 a	227.8 a	94.5 a	1.3 a
150	140.7 a	218.9 a	81.7 b	1.3 a
300	129.3 a	228.7 a	84.1 b	1.2 a
Periods
1	139.3 a	219.5 a	83.2 a	1.2 a
2	126.7 a	226.5 a	88.2 a	1.3 a
3	125.3 a	229.4 a	88.8 a	1.3 a
Additional Test	148.5 a	237.6 a	130.8 a	0.9 b
Factorial	130.4 a	225.2 a	86.7 b	1.3 a
CV (%)	20.6	14.6	9.3	10.0
Factors	Variables - Median Part of the plant
Factors	Reducing sugars	Total soluble sugars	Starch	Total nitrogen total
Concentrations
75	137.8 a	234.7 a	115.3 a	1.3 a
150	138.2 a	223.3 a	90.5 b	1.2 a
300	123.2 a	234.5 a	87.4 b	1.1 a
Periods
1	119.7 b	206.2 b	114.0 a	1.2 a
2	147.6 a	238.3 ab	91.4 ab	1.1 a
3	131.9 ab	247.9 a	87.9 b	1.2 a
Additional test	138.1 a	250.8 a	172.2 a	0.9 b
Factorial	133.1 a	230.8 a	97.8 b	1.2 a
CV (%)	10.7	12.7	18.4	9.3
Factors	Variables - Basal Part of the Plant
Factors	Reducing sugars	Total soluble sugars	Starch	Total nitrogen
Concentrations
75	183.0 a	296.3 a	102.1 a	0.9 a
150	149.3 b	260.1 a	82.8 b	0.8 ab
300	156.5 b	264.0 a	75.2 b	0.8 b
Periods
1	158.4 a	268.8 a	92.4 a	0.9 a
2	155.5 a	270.4 a	81.2 a	0.9 a
3	174.8 a	281.2 a	86.5 a	0.8 a
Additional Test.	193.5 a	246.6 a	164.3 a	0.8 a
Factorial	162.9 b	273.5 a	86.7 b	0.8 a
CV (%)	11.3	14.5	13.6	9.9

Concentrations	Application periods			Means
Concentrations	P1	P2	P3	Means
Fruit mass (gram)
75	1050.2	924.8	1164.2	1046.4 a
150	671.4	855.0	926.2	817.5 b
300	430.9	578.3	695.4	568.1 c
Mean	717.5 B	786.0 B	928.5 A
Additional test				1237.2 a
Factorial				810.7 b
CV (%)	13,6
Vitamin C (mg 100 mL)
75	10.5	10.9	10.6	10.7 b
150	14.5	12.8	12.6	13.3 a
300	15.1	14.7	12.4	14.1 a
Mean	13.4 A	12.8 A	11.9 A
Additional test				14.0 a
Factorial				12.7 a
CV (%)	11.3
Tritable acidity (% citric acid)
75	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5 a
150	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5 a
300	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5 a
Mean	0.5 A	0.5 A	0.5 A
Additional test				0.5 a
Factorial				0.5 a
CV (%)	10.4
Soluble solids (°Brix)
75	15.9	15.8	15.1	15.6 b
150	17.3	17.4	16.0	16.9 a
300	17.6	17.4	16.0	17.0 a
Mean	16.9 A	16.9 A	15.7 B
Additional test				15.4 a
Factorial				16.5 a
CV (%)	6.4
RATIO (SS/TS)
75	28.1	27.1	30.4	28.5 b
150	31.6	34.5	32.3	32.8 a
300	33.3	33.1	34.2	33.6 a
Mean	31.0 A	31.5 A	32.2 A
Additional test				27.1 b
Factorial				31.6 a
CV (%)	12.9
Ph
75	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.6 a
150	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.7 a
300	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.6 a
Mean	3.6 B	3.6 B	3.7 A
Additional test				3.6 a
Factorial				3.6 a
CV (%)	2.0