| Aibar-Almazána et al. 2019 Spain |
110 women PG: 55 CG: 55 |
PG: 69.98±7.83 CG: 66.79±10.14 |
12 weeks 2× per week (24 sessions) 60 min |
Warm up (10 min) Global strengthening exercises (35 min) Relaxation (15 min) Exercises sitting, standing, with elastic bands, magic circles, and fit balls 10 repetitions |
None |
Maintained their daily habits and received guidance on the importance of physical activity |
HADS |
PG: Intragroup improvement CG: Not reported PG vs CG: Improvement in the PG |
| Ángeles et al. 2016 Mexico |
20 older adults PG: 10, 8W and 2M CG: 10, 7W and 3M |
PG: M: 64.0±2.8 W: 65.9±3.5 CG: M: 66.7±11.5 M: 70.4±5.8 |
12 weeks 3× per week (24 sessions) 50 min |
Stretching and respiratory regulation. Whole-body strengthening, relaxation, and recovery from the initial state |
None |
Maintained their daily habits |
POMS |
PG: Not reported CG: Not reported PG vs CG: No improvement |
| Curia et al. 2018 Portugal |
61 W PG: 31 CG: 30 |
PG: 64.25±0.14 CG: 63.75±0.08 |
16 weeks 2× per week (32 sessions) 60 min |
Stretching exercises for all body segments and overall strengthening |
None |
Maintained their daily habits |
GHQ |
PG: Intragroup improvement CG: No improvement PG vs CG: Improved total score (including depression) in the PG. |
| Farzane et al. 2022 Iran |
27 W PG: 15 CG: 12 |
PG: 61.47±1.55 GC: 62.00±1.4 |
8 weeks 3× per week (24 sessions) 75 min |
Warm up (10 min) Global strengthening (50 min) Relaxation (5 min) |
None |
Maintained their daily habits |
HADS |
PG: Intragroup improvement CG: No improvement PG vs CG: Intergroup improvement in the PG |
| Liposki et al. 2018 Brazil |
24 W PG: 12 CG: 12 |
PG: 70.8±23.9 CG: 64.2±15.5 24 |
24 weeks 2× per week (48 sessions) 30min |
Pilates solo and on Cadillac, Reformer, and Chair equipment Stretching exercises, greater focus on the paravertebral, abdominal, and lower limb muscles and balance |
None |
Maintained their daily habits |
SF-36 |
PG: No improvement CG: No improvement PG vs CG: No improvement |
| Mokhtari et al. 2013 Iran |
30 W PG: 15 CG: 15 |
70.23±5.9 |
24 weeks 2× per week (48 sessions) 30min |
Solo exercising occurred in the first six weeks; elastic bands were added from the seventh to the twelfth week |
None |
Maintained their daily habits |
GDS and WHOQOL -BREF (WB) |
PG: Intragroup improvement CG: No improvement PG vs CG: Improvement in the PG (GDS and WB) |
| Oliveira et al. 2015 Brazil |
232 W PG: 16 CG: 16 |
PG: 63.60±1.0 CG: 64.20±0.8 |
12 weeks 2× per week (24 sessions) 60 min |
1 set of 10 reps 1 min rest between sets |
None |
Performed active static stretching exercises for three 30-s sets |
SF-36 |
PG: No improvement CG: No improvement PG vs CG: No improvement |
| Pucci et al. 2020 Brazil |
41 W PG: 13 RTG: 14 CG: 14 |
PG: 64.92±3.93 RTG: 67.07±5.85 CG:69.93±7.27 |
12 weeks 2× per week (16 sessions) 60 min |
Warm up (10 min) Strengthening (40 min) Relaxation (5-10 min) Modified Borg scale (3-5 points) |
Six exercises: (bench press machine, rowing machine, leg press, seated curl, hip thrusts, and abdominal crunches. (2× in the week). 10 min warm-up 40 min. of exercises, 10 min of relaxation |
Cognitive recreational activities and motor coordination (2× week for 40 min) |
WHOQOL-OLD WHOQOL-BREF SF-36 |
RTG: Intragroup psychological improvement (WHOQOL-BREF) CG: Intragroup improvement according to the WHOQOL-BREF. PG vs RTG: Improves in favor of the RTG for dominance and mental health (SF-36). |
| Ravari et al. 2021 Iran |
70 W PG: 35 CG: 35 |
PG: 62.30±3.13 CG: 62.30±3.13 |
8 weeks 3× per week (24 sessions) 60 min |
Pilates with a ball, light weights, and elastic bands; the exercises were performed in the supine position, sitting, and standing with 30s of rest between each exercise. |
None |
Completed the questionnaire to participate in the training program, including cancer and disease prevention training |
Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and Beck’s Depression Inventory |
PG: Intragroup improvement (Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and Beck’s Depression Inventory). CG: No improvement PG vs CG: Improvement in the PG (Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and Beck’s Depression Inventory). |
| Soori et al. 2021 Iran |
75 W PG: 25 CG: 25 AG: 25 |
PG: 62.66±1.68 CG: 63.80±3.35 AG: 62.48±2.87 |
12 weeks 3× per week (36 sessions) 40 min |
Warm-up, postural exercises, balance, and relaxation 10 min warm-up and cool-down |
Aerobic exercise maintaining heart rate at 60 to 70% of max heart rate |
Maintained their daily habits |
GHQ |
PG: Intragroup improvement in depression and anxiety. AG: Intragroup improvement in anxiety. CG: No improvement PG vs AG: Improvement in depression and anxiety in the PG. |
| Tozim et al. 2014 Brazil |
31 W PG: 14 CG: 17 |
PG: 67.00±2.80 CG: 64.88±4.04 |
8 weeks 2× per week (16 sessions) 60 min |
Exercises using Swiss ball and elastic bands. 2 sets of 2-5 min 1 min break between sets |
None |
Attended lectures and maintained their daily habits |
SF-36 |
CG: No improvement PG: No improvement PG vs CG: No improvement |